1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 第十三讲 主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即 语法一致原则、意义一致原则 和 就近一致原则 。 语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1动名词、动词不定式、从句或不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。 Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy. 所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。 名师指津 wh
2、at 引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What he said is far from the truth. 他的话与事实相差太远了。 What the school needs are qualified teachers. 这个学校需要的是合格的老师。 2主语后跟有 with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to 等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 The
3、teacher as well as his students was very excited. 老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。 I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故受到责备。 3 and, both . and .连接两个不同的主语时，谓语 动词用复数形式；但是如果由and 连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Her teacher and her friends are in the sittingroom. 她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。 The poet an
4、d writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家创作了许多作品。 4定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasures. 我将永远珍惜那些充满欢乐的时光。 【 精品教育资源文库 】 5 “many a/more than one 单数名词 ” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有 and 连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a parent has had to go t
5、hrough this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日举行的聚会。 对点练 1 用所给词的适当形式填空 The teacher as well as his children has (have) been invited to the party. What really counts is (be) the enjoyment. A smile and handshake s
6、how (show) welcome. My brother is one of the students who have_been_chosen (choose) to join the force. More than one student has_failed (fail) the exam. 意义一致原则 意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 1集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有： family, class, team, group, public,
7、 committee, government, audience 等。 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由 25 个男生和 20 个女生组成。 The class are doing experiment. 全班学生都在做实验。 2 “ 分数 /百分数 /the majority of名词 ” 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of后名词的数以及其表示的意义； all, some, half, most, the rest 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the book
8、s are worth reading. 这些书中大约有 1/3 值得一读。 Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只做了 60% 的工作。 All of this is wonderful, but the best part of this film is the acting. 所有这些都很精彩，但电影最精彩的部分是表演。 【 精品教育资源文库 】 3 “the 形容词 ” 表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The old are taken good care of here. 在这儿老年人被照顾得很好。 4
9、 a quantity of 后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后名词的数以及其表示的意义； quantities of 后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 A quantity of time has been wasted on the project. Quantities of time have been wasted on the project. 大量的时 间被浪费在这个项目上。 5 “a number of 复数名词 ” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； “the number of 复数名词 ” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形
10、式。 A number of students have gone for an outing. 许多学生去远足了。 The number of the students is increasing year after year. 学生的数量逐年增加。 6表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说， 3 000 美元是一笔大数目。 7以 s/ics 结尾的学科名词及 news 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Bad news tra
11、vels quickly. 谚 坏事传千里。 对点练 2 用所给词的适当形式填空 The poor are (be) part of the people we help. About 50% of the land is (be) suitable to grow plants. My family are (be) going on a trip this summer. The total number of the population in the country is (be) about 400 million. Six hundred miles is (be) a long
12、distance. 就近一致原则 就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 1由 or, either .or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also ., not . but .等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 要么是你要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 2由 there, here 引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词
13、的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 对点练 3 用所给词的适当形式填空 Either you or the headmaster is (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting. Here is (be) a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer. There are (be) several grammar mistakes and a wrong sentence in your composition. Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary are (be) planning to go, because they have never been there before. Neither his sons nor he himself is (be) a bank clerk.-温馨提示：- 本文档仅为 【 全套资料之一 】 ，欢迎点击下方按钮链接，下载全套资料！ 请点此到 下载本文全套资料
