1、【 精品教育资源文库 】 第十一讲 名词性从句 名词性从句的本质： 3 种句子充当 4 种成分 所谓名词性从句，就是把完整句子当作名词来使用，使之在另一个句子中充当某种成分。一般来说，名词在句中主要充当 4 种成分：主语、宾语、表语和同位语，于是便有了常说的4 种名词性从句： 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句 和 同位语从句 。相当于名词作用的句子有3 类： 陈述句、一般疑问句 和 特殊疑问句 。因此，名词性从句可简单概括为这样一句话：名词性从句就是用 3 种句子分别充当另外一个句子的 4 种句子成分。这便构成了名词性从句的本质特征。 名词性从句 的引导词 对应的句 子类型 是否作成分 连词 t
2、hat 陈述句 that 在从句中不作成分 连词 whether/if 一般疑问句 whether 和 if 在从句中不作成分 连接代词 who， whom, what， which, whose； 连接副词 when, where， why, how 特殊疑问句 who和 what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语； whom 在从句中作宾语； which 在从句中作主语、表语或定语； whose 在句中作定语。连接副词在从句中作状语 主语从句 1.that 引导的主语从句 (1)that 引 导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。 That the earth goe
3、s around the sun is known to us all. 众所周知，地球围着太阳转。 (2)that 引导主语从句时可用 it 作形式主语， that 不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几种： It be形容词 (necessary, right, likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain, clear, obvious, strange, normal 等 ) that 从句 It isn t likely that I should accept such an offer as that. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 我不可能接受像
4、那样的帮助。 It be名词 (短语 )(a pity, a shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder 等 ) that 从句 It s no wonder that he didn t want to go. 难怪他不想去。 It be过去分词 (said, told, heard, reported, decided, suggested, advised, ordered, remembered, thought, considered, wellknown, announced 等 ) that 从句 It is
5、decided that the meeting has been put off until next Monday. 会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。 名师指津 在 “It be suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required . that 从句 ” 结构中 ， 从句谓语应用 “(should )动词原形 ” 。 It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English. 建议你花更多的时间学习英语。 It 特殊动词或短语 (seem, appear
6、, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference 等 ) that 从句 It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone. 她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。 2 whether/if 引导的主语从句 主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示 “ 是否 ” ，只能用 whether。若用 it 作形式主语，则 whether 与 if 可互换。 Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effect
7、ive measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 我们能否 有干净的饮用水依赖于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。 It s uncertain whether/if he ll come this evening. 他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。 3 wh类连接词引导的主语从句 wh类连接词包括连接代词 (who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whatever等 )和连接副词 (when, where, why, how, whenever, where
8、ver, however 等 )。 What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. 芭芭拉 琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。 对点练 1 用适当的连接词填空 How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 【 精品教育资源文库 】 It doesn t matter whether you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park. It s no won
9、der that you ve achieved so much success. It has not been decided yet who will take charge of the factory when the boss is away. Whoever sets fire to the forest should be punished. 宾语从句 1.that 引导的宾语从句 that 引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况下不能省略： (1)当 that 从句作介词的宾语时。 I don t know exactly where he l
10、ives, except that it s somewhere out in the wilds. 他住在哪里我不很清楚，只知道是远离城市的荒野之中。 (2)动词后跟有多个 that 引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个 that 可以省略，从第二个从句开始 that 不可省略。 He told me (that) he had to leave and that he would be back soon. 他告诉我他得离 开并且很快就会回来。 (3)宾语从句前有插入语时。 We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰
11、恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。 (4)it 作形式宾语的宾语从句。 一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用 it 作形式宾语，而将 that 引导的宾语从句后置。常见的这类动词有 find, think, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。 He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed. 他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。 hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy 等表示 “ 喜欢 ” 、 “ 厌恶 ” 的动词以及一些动词短语 see
12、 to, depend on, rely on 等常用 it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。 【 精品教育资源文库 】 2 whether 与 if 引导的宾语从句 whether 与 if 引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为 “ 是否 ” 。在下列情况下只能用 whether 而不能用 if： (1)宾语从句中有 or not 时，只能用 whether。 I don t know whether
13、 or not the report is true. I don t know whether the report is true or not. 我不知道这个报道是否是真的。 (2)介词后的宾语从句要用 whether， whether 可与不定式连用 。 It depends on whether we have enough time. 这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。 They don t know whether to go there. 他们不知道是否去那里。 3连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义，且不可省略。 Our t
14、eachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事以及我们自己。 对点练 2 用适当的连接词填空 The companies are working together to create what they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. As many as five courses are provided, and y
15、ou are free to choose whichever suits you best. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. Only you can decide which one suits you best. None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 表语从句 1.通用连接词引导的表语从句 在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词 之后，引导词有三类：从属
16、连词只起连接作用，其中 if 不能引导表语从句， that 一般不能省略；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。 【 精品教育资源文库 】 I d like to start my own business that s what I d do if I had the money. 我愿意自己创业 那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。 The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled. 问题是空气污染能否被控制住。 2 其他连接词引导的表语从句 (1)as if/though 引导的表语从句，有时可用
17、虚拟语气。 The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if/ though a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整座城市，好像一个厚厚的黑色毯子扔到它的上面。 (2)because, why 引导的表语从句。 ? This/That is why .这 /那是 ? 的原因This/That is because .这 /那是因为 ? He failed. That is because he didn t work hard. 他失败了。那是因为他没有努力工作。 对
18、点练 3 用适当的连接词填空 A ship in harbor is safe, but that s not what ships are built for. Be sure to be with a strong awareness that you are what you eat! Mr. White is opposed to repairing the old building, and that s where I dont agree. The problem is how we can improve our reading skills in such a short t
19、ime. What worries us most is who let out the secret. 同位语从句 1.同位语从句的连接词 同位语从句在句中作某一名词 (news, fact, idea, desire, suggestion, promise, information 等 )的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词主要有 that, whether, why, who, where, how, when 等。在同位语从句中， that和 whether 不作成分， that 无词义， whether 表示 “ 是否 ” ； if 不能引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。 The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的报道是假的。 2定语从句与同位语从句的区别 定语从句和同位语从句都可以用来修饰名词，但定语从句用来说明名词的性质、特征、【 精品教育资源文库 】 来
