1、北京市西城区 20222023 学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语本试卷共 12 页，共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。北京市西城区 20222023 学年度第一学期期末试卷 高三英语 第 1 页（共 12 页）第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分）第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Olivia,9,was shy at first.Shed never been on a hor
2、se before.So when she was asked to feed carrots to the reddish-brown horse named Charlie on a summer Saturday,she approached 1 ,unsure of herself at times,turning around to a group of children waiting for their turn to feed him.Olivia eventually made it to the horses mouth and Charlie licked(舔)her h
3、ands as she 2 him his favorite treat.Olivia was amused.“Thats what I call a(an)3 ,”said Sabrina,a social worker who has teamed up with the community organization Alkebu-lan Village to help children overcome their problems and keep them on paths to 4 .“Im excited,”Olivia said smiling.“I love petting
4、him.”The program“Stop Horsing Around”at Alkebu-lan Village was launched this summer with over a dozen kids signing up.They were taught how to approach,feed,brush,and mount the horses 5 eventually they got a chance to ride them.By 6 the programs horses with Sabrinas help and forming 7 with them,child
5、ren become more self-aware and then begin to recognize and face negative feelings and behaviors,which can help them communicate with others and lead to significant positive changes to their 8 skills,self-worth and behavior issues.Sabrina first taught the children that Charlie needed to become 9 with
6、 them by smelling their hands.Once Charlie was comfortable,the kids learned how to pet his face and head,and then how to use the lead rope,clean up Charlies messes,and feed him carrots.Olivia wasnt the only kid who was nervous and shy at the beginning.But ultimately Olivia also wasnt the only kid to
7、 leave more confident.Their 10 consistently turned into smiles,laughter and excitement.1.A.happily B.calmly C.slowly D.directly 2.A.fed B.left C.made D.threw 3.A.award B.exchange C.negotiation D.breakthrough 4.A.fame B.success C.responsibility D.freedom 5.A.before B.after C.as D.though 北京市西城区 202220
8、23 学年度第一学期期末试卷 高三英语 第 2 页（共 12 页）6.A.taking over B.walking with C.caring for D.responding to 7.A.routines B.bonds C.judgements D.ideas 8.A.technical B.survival C.organizational D.social 9.A.popular B.familiar C.satisfied D.patient 10.A.resistance B.disappointment C.misunderstanding D.hesitation 第二节（
9、共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A Gratitude is more than just saying“thank you”.Gratitude is a deeper appreciation for someone or something.Expressing gratitude makes us feel a positive emotion.Over the past thirty years,there 11 (
10、be)many studies showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person offers us an opportunity 12 (escape)from negative emotions.Even if we dont share our writing with anyone,the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and 13 (satisfied)with life.The more we express gratitude,the m
11、ore positive we feel.B When I was in Singapore six years ago,I gave a taxi driver a card 14 a specific address on it and asked him to take me there as quickly as possible.When we had almost reached the destination,he circled around the block.His meter read$11,but he took only$10.He explained that he
12、 wasnt so familiar with this area.Before getting out of the taxi,I 15 (tell)that the ride with the taxi driver is always an important experience 16 creates the first impression about this country for a person.C When were you born?For most people,this is an easy question.Even those who dont know thei
13、r exact birthday can usually figure out when they were born to within a few years.Yet the Internet is full of quizzes 17 (make)to help you determine in which decade you were born.These are usually based on what 18 (happen)in American pop culture at the time you first became aware of it.It sounds foo
14、lish.But many people,though 19 (complain)about the stupid quizzes,still take them,wondering 20 their answers generate their correct birth year.北京市西城区 20222023 学年度第一学期期末试卷 高三英语 第 3 页（共 12 页）第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分）第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A 北京市西城区 20222023
15、学年度第一学期期末试卷 高三英语 第 4 页（共 12 页）21.The collections of the Southwest Museum focus on _.A.lifestyles of American residents B.native cultures of the Americas C.diversity of American festivals D.development of American arts 22.What can a visitor do at the Southwest Museum?A.Interview noted artists.B.Try p
16、ainting earthenware.C.Appreciate traveling exhibitions.D.Survey modern American folk art.23.Which benefit can a museum member enjoy?A.Free classes and programs.B.A 10%discount on kachina dolls.C.The priority to reserve guided tours.D.The right to invite friends to exhibition openings.B A few days ag
17、o,my husband,Russ,and I lost our house of 28 years to a California wild fire.On that night,we had to leave our house and sleep in the back seat of our Ford.The next morning,we had to drive three and a half hours to find a hotel that had an available room.Only later,in the local newspaper,did we see
18、photographs of the destruction.Our house had been consumed by the fire along with most of our neighborhood.How are we going to rebuild after this?I thought,rounding a corner in the sidewalk on my walk back to the hotel.Is it even possible?I noticed something up aheada pair of nickels,shining like pr
19、ecious jewels.They were just nickels,but they somehow felt special.I bent down and picked them up.If these were lucky coins,I could use all the luck I could get.A few days later,I made a trip to the store to buy essentials.The enormous task of replacing everything wed lost put a heavy weight on me.I
20、 was about to leave when I felt the urge to stop and turn my head to the right.I could hardly believe itthere on nickel 北京市西城区 20222023 学年度第一学期期末试卷 高三英语 第 5 页（共 12 页）a shelf,was a nickel!Okay,maybe this is more than luck,I thought and put the nickel in my pocket.I told myself that I had found the ni
21、ckels just by chance.Then I found one next to my plate at a restauranton Thanksgiving,no less,when I was missing our house more than ever.It seemed that a nickel appeared whenever my spirits plummeted.Whenever I reached my breaking point,Id find another nickel.In the grass at the park,or near the ti
22、re of my car in a parking lot.Once,my change for a quick lunch was given entirely in nickels.“Im sorry,”the cashier said.“Its all we have.”Its all I needed!One day,I was sitting at the desk when my phone rang.It was a real-estate agent Id been working with.“I have a new listing,”she said.“When can w
23、e see it?”A few hours later,Russ and I were following the agent down the driveway toward the house.I didnt think long.Because there,in the driveway,24.After the wild fire,the couple _.A.lived in their car for one night B.took some photos of the destruction C.could hardly afford their Thanksgiving di
24、nner D.saved precious items from the burned down house 25.What does the underlined word“plummeted”in Paragraph 6 probably mean?A.Remained.B.Changed.C.Strengthened.D.Sank.26.What did the found nickels mean to the author?A.Luck for the foreseeable future.B.Hope during challenging times.C.Signs of a hu
25、ge fortune to come.D.Reminders of what had happened.27.Which would be the best ending for the passage?A.I spotted a flash of silver in the sun,two nickels,both heads up.B.I found an old nickel,which seemed to tell a story from the past.C.I saw a mysterious locked box,and thought perhaps it was full
26、of nickels.D.I looked up and imagined something on a cloud,a giant nickel,just for me.北京市西城区 20222023 学年度第一学期期末试卷 高三英语 第 6 页（共 12 页）C Of the more than 3,000 species of mosquitoes in the world,just a small number specialize in sucking human blood.How mosquitoes track us down so effectively isnt curre
27、ntly known,but it matters,since they carry dangerous diseases which may cause death.“In fact,stopping these annoying insects in their tracks could save up to half a million lives lost to those diseases each year,”said Carolyn Gauff,a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the Princeton Neu
28、roscience Institute.Thats why Gauffs team wants to understand how they find and target humans.Mosquitoes mostly choose what to bite based on odor(气味).Knowing how a potentially disease-carrying mosquito finds a person,while ignoring other warm-blooded animals,is a key question.But its not easy to ans
29、wer,since any animal smell is made up of hundreds of chemicals mixed together in specific percentage.“The actual chemicals that are found in human odor are basically the same as the chemicals found in animal odorits the percentages and the relative large amount of those substances in human mixtures
30、thats unique,”said Gauff.To investigate,researchers decided to record neural activity in the brain of mosquitoes while exposing them to natural human and animal odor samples.They collected odor samples from about 40 different animals.When they compared some of those with the 16 human samples,somethi
31、ng jumped out.Decanal is particularly rich in human skin.Common in the natural world,in humans,decanal comes from another,more complex substance.When one component of our skins natural oils,sapienic acid,breaks down,decanal is left over.This acid is only found in human beings.Its what likely leads t
32、o the high levels of decanal that help the mosquitoes smell their way to us.Understanding what the mosquitoes are targeting is only part of the story;knowing how they do it is also important.To see exactly how mosquitoes use this sense,scientists used genetically modified(转基因的)mosquitoes so that the
33、y could cut open mosquitoes heads and watch neurons firing when theyre exposed to human and animal odors.The research team already knew that mosquitoes have about 60 different types of neurons that sense odors,so when they looked in the insects brains,they 北京市西城区 20222023 学年度第一学期期末试卷 高三英语 第 7 页（共 12
34、 页）thought they might see a lot of activity.But it was surprisingly quiet,meaning that the signal was perhaps quite simple,down to just a couple types of neurons.“One type of neuron responded really strongly to both humans and animals.Another type of neuron responded to bothbut it responded much mor
35、e strongly to humans than animals,”Gauff said.How to keep mosquitoes decanal signal from being transmitted will be the research teams next focus.Gauff hoped their current work could be used to make mosquito killers and attractants to prevent disease.28.Whats the final purpose of the research conduct
36、ed by Gauffs team?A.To study why only certain mosquitoes suck human blood.B.To investigate the neural activity in mosquitoes brains.C.To help prevent deadly diseases caused by mosquitoes.D.To test the effectiveness of mosquito killers.29.To which substance(s)would mosquitoes mostly be attracted?A.Na
37、tural oil from human skin.B.Chemicals in the environment.C.Decanal generated in human blood.D.Remains of decomposed sapienic acid.30.What can we learn from the passage?A.Most mosquito neurons are not involved in responding to human odor.B.Genetically modified mosquitoes are not sensitive to human od
38、or.C.Further research will focus on odor signal and neural connection.D.Chemicals found in human and animal odors are quite different.D The start-up that attracted the largest investment in the history of cybersecurity,of more than half a billion dollars,has a simple goal:a passwordless future.Despi
39、te the spread of password management software that can generate and remember complicated strings of random characters,some of the most common passwords are still“12345”,“password”and“iloveyou”.As a result,more than 80 北京市西城区 20222023 学年度第一学期期末试卷 高三英语 第 8 页（共 12 页）percent of hacks involve these kinds
40、 of passwords;and passwords remain the most sought-after data by hackers,above other personal or sensitive information.In many cases,individuals are tricked into handing over password details by phishing emails and other social engineering techniques.Hackers have sought to break into apps and steal
41、entire password databases as well.Passwords are also under attack from new technology,such as automated programs that can rapidly try to guess them,or can try stolen passwords on multiple online accounts.Since the need to replace the easily forgotten and highly hackable strings of letters and number
42、s that we use to access everyday life has become even more urgent,the race to replace the password is under way,with biometric-based(基于生物识别的)security emerging as one of the most sought-after solutions.According to Tieo,a union of more than 250 companies,which promotes a standard system of passwordle
43、ss authentication(身份验证),the vast majority of consumer services will offer passwordless login systems in the next couple of years.“If done correctly and safely,biometrics are really helping us move to a passwordless future in a rapid manner,”said Andrew Jenkinson,CEO of Tieo.But there are still risks
44、 associated with the use of biometric authentication.Unlike passwords,biometrics cannot be changed.This means such data must be closely guarded for privacy purposes and to prevent spoofinghackers trying to trick cameras or sensors with photos,or masks of their victim.“Biometric authentication and pa
45、sswordless authentication has its own attack surface,”said Paul Smith,director of security research at CyberPek.His team revealed that it had found a design problem which would allow potential attackers to bypass facial recognition login by injecting a spoofed photo of a users face into the process.
46、The biggest obstacle standing in the way of the start-ups hoping to kill the password is how to change years of habit.Eric Brown,founder of TAK Cyber,a cyber research and advisory company,argued that while sensitive applications may rapidly shift from passwords,other websites have less motivation to
47、 update their systems.“Youll never get rid of them,”he said.“Were never going to get to the post-password era.”北京市西城区 20222023 学年度第一学期期末试卷 高三英语 第 9 页（共 12 页）31.What is the third paragraph mainly about?A.Why passwords are the most sought-after data.B.How passwords are stolen by phishing emails.C.How
48、passwords have caused us trouble.D.Why passwords are difficult to secure.32.What can we infer from the passage?A.Facial recognition login is the key to fighting hackers.B.Biometric authentication has its own set of problems.C.TAK Cybers login system guarantees the safety of data.D.Spoofing brings mo
49、re problems than automated programs.33.What is Eric Browns attitude towards a passwordless future?A.Indifferent.B.Passionate.C.Pessimistic.D.Objective.34.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Biometric authentication:password security solution!B.Start-ups race to welcome a passwordless fut
50、ure C.The argument to end passwords has begun D.Killing the password:a cure or a fantasy?第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Positive Effects of a Positive Affect Parents often have high hopes for how their children will turn out in adulthood,such as
