1、骨折分类的目的骨折分类的目的指导临床治疗评价伤情特征了解损伤机制判断病程转归推测预后等常用分型常用分型Tile 分型：根据骨折的稳定程度及其移位方向所提出的分类标准。得到了学术界（AO/ASIF、OTA、SICOT）较广泛的认可，具有明显的优点。Young-Burgess 分型：在Pennal 和Tile分型基础上，以损伤机制为重点，可作为判断骨盆损伤严重程度的预警性标准。TileTile分型（分型（19881988）A A 型骨折型骨折没有累及及骨盆环的撕脱骨折，属稳定型骨折。该类骨折中骨盆后部和顶部的骨和韧带仍保持完整。A1:骨盆边缘骨折,不累及骨盆环,撕脱伤;A2:骨盆环有骨折或有轻度移
2、位。A3:不累及骨盆环,骶骨或尾骨骨折无移位。B B 型骨折型骨折旋转不稳、垂直稳定的骨盆环损伤,损伤的骨盆后侧张力带和骨盆底仍保持完整无损伤,髋骨可发生旋转不稳定。B1:外旋损伤,翻书样损伤。B2:骨盆单侧的侧方挤压损伤或髋骨内旋损伤,内旋不稳定。B3:对侧B型损伤。“桶柄状”损伤A3:不累及骨盆环,骶骨或尾骨骨折无移位。5 cm，于耻骨联合处或矢状位耻骨支骨折。C3:骨盆环破裂合并髋臼骨折。In Stage 1 the disruption of the symphysis pubis is less than 2.It shows avulsion of the posterior il
3、iac apophysis(arrow).旋转和垂直不稳定的骨盆环损伤。The radiograph shows the fracture line through the sacrum and avulsion of the tip of the transverse process of L5.B1:外旋损伤,翻书样损伤。呈典型的“开书样”骨折。旋转和垂直不稳定的骨盆环损伤。APC 型（anterior-posterior compression）5 cm and there is no posterior lesion.B1:外旋损伤,翻书样损伤。5 cm，于耻骨联合处或矢状位耻骨支骨折
4、。ligament and the anterior sacroiliac ligament.每种损伤方式的致伤原因有明显区别,APC型常发生于步行者和摩托车相撞的事故中。Tile 分型：根据骨折的稳定程度及其移位方向所提出的分类标准。In Stages 2 and 3 the separation at the symphysis pubis is greater than 2.Young-Burgess 分型：在Pennal 和Tile分型基础上，以损伤机制为重点，可作为判断骨盆损伤严重程度的预警性标准。作用力偏前,表现为一侧耻骨支水平骨折、骶骨前缘压缩骨折、髂骨翼新月形骨折.B1B1型骨
5、折型骨折In Stage 1 the disruption of the symphysis pubis is less than 2.5 cm and there is no posterior lesion.In Stages 2 and 3 the separation at the symphysis pubis is greater than 2.5 cm.This implies disruption of the sacrospinousligament and the anterior sacroiliac ligament.This may occur on one side
6、 only(Stage 2)or be bilateral(Stage 3).B3B3型骨折型骨折Bucket Handle Lateral Compression Injury-Type B3.The diagram shows the typical appearance of a bucket handle injury,with the left hemi-pelvis internally and superiorly rotated by 40.The radiograph shows internal rotation of the left hemi-pelvis with f
7、racture of all four pubic rami.The CT scan confirms the internal rotation of the hemipelvis and the crush injury of the anterior sacrum.It shows avulsion of the posterior iliac apophysis(arrow).It shows avulsion of the posterior iliac apophysis(arrow).5 cm and there is no posterior lesion.CM型（comple
8、x mechanism）半侧骨盆完全性分离,但无纵向移位,前后方韧带同时断裂骶髂关节完全性分离。ligament and the anterior sacroiliac ligament.The radiograph shows internal rotation of the left hemi-pelvis with fracture of all four pubic rami.Tile 分型：根据骨折的稳定程度及其移位方向所提出的分类标准。半侧骨盆完全性分离,但无纵向移位,前后方韧带同时断裂骶髂关节完全性分离。Tile 分型：根据骨折的稳定程度及其移位方向所提出的分类标准。Tile 分
9、型：根据骨折的稳定程度及其移位方向所提出的分类标准。In Stages 2 and 3 the separation at the symphysis pubis is greater than 2.Tile 分型：根据骨折的稳定程度及其移位方向所提出的分类标准。Tile分型（1988）Unstable Vertical Shear Injury-Type C.旋转不稳、垂直稳定的骨盆环损伤,损伤的骨盆后侧张力带和骨盆底仍保持完整无损伤,髋骨可发生旋转不稳定。LC 型：型+同侧髂骨翼骨折或后部骶髂关节分离；The radiograph shows the fracture line throu
10、gh the sacrum and avulsion of the tip of the transverse process of L5.Tile 分型：根据骨折的稳定程度及其移位方向所提出的分类标准。C C型骨折型骨折旋转和垂直不稳定的骨盆环损伤。盆底结构、后侧骶髂部稳定结构完全损伤,骶棘和骶结节韧带完全撕裂。前侧产生耻骨联合分离,或一侧、双侧耻骨上下支骨折,骨盆产生旋转和垂直方向不稳定,一侧骨盆可向上移位。C1:单侧伤;C2:骨盆双侧不稳定,多为侧方挤压性损伤,受力侧髂骨后部骨折及耻骨支骨折,骶髂关节脱位,一侧旋转不稳,一侧旋转和垂直不稳。C3:骨盆环破裂合并髋臼骨折。C C型骨折型骨折
11、Unstable Vertical Shear Injury-Type C.The drawing shows an unstable vertical shear fracture.The shearing forces cause massive disruption of the pelvic ring,its soft tissues and surrounding structures.The radiograph shows the fracture line through the sacrum and avulsion of the tip of the transverse
12、process of L5.Displacement appears to be minimal,but the unstable nature of this injury is best shown on the CT scan by the wide displacement of the sacral fragments.Young-BurgessYoung-Burgess分型分型Young和Burgess根据损伤机制将骨盆骨折分为4种类型,包括侧方挤压型(LC型)、前后挤压型(APC型)、纵向剪切型(VS型)及复合应力型(CM型)。每种损伤方式的致伤原因有明显区别,APC型常发生于步
13、行者和摩托车相撞的事故中。LC型常发生于摩托车、汽车相撞。高处坠落则常导致VS型。LCLC型（型（lateral compressionlateral compression）LC 型：同侧骶骨扭转，冠状位耻骨支骨折；作用力偏后,表现为骶骨骨折、一侧坐骨和耻骨支水平骨折和伤侧骶骨压缩骨折。LC 型：型+同侧髂骨翼骨折或后部骶髂关节分离；作用力偏前,表现为一侧耻骨支水平骨折、骶骨前缘压缩骨折、髂骨翼新月形骨折.LC 型：型+对侧半骨盆外旋转矢状位耻骨支骨折。一侧或型损伤加对侧外旋损伤(对侧开书式损伤)。APC APC 型（型（anterior-posterior compressionanter
14、ior-posterior compression）APC型：耻骨分离2.5 cm，骶髂关节前部分离；呈典型的“开书样”骨折。一侧或两侧耻骨支骨折或耻骨联合分离,移位超过2.5 cm,和(或)骶髂关节分离,其前部韧带断裂、后部韧带完整。APC型：耻骨分离或耻骨支纵形骨折2.5cm，骶髂关节前后部均分离。半侧骨盆完全性分离,但无纵向移位,前后方韧带同时断裂骶髂关节完全性分离。VSVS型（型（vertical shearvertical shear）轴向暴力作用于骨盆产生耻骨联合分离或耻骨支纵形骨折，骨盆环韧带和骨复合物破裂。骶髂关节分离并纵向移位，偶有骨折线通过髂骨翼和（或）骶骨。CMCM型（型
15、（complex mechanismcomplex mechanism）前和（或）后部纵和（或）横形骨折，可见各类骨折的组合形式（LC-VS型和LC-APC型等）The diagram shows the typical appearance of a bucket handle injury,with the left hemi-pelvis internally and superiorly rotated by 40.The radiograph shows internal rotation of the left hemi-pelvis with fracture of all fo
16、ur pubic rami.一侧或两侧耻骨支骨折或耻骨联合分离,移位超过2.得到了学术界（AO/ASIF、OTA、SICOT）较广泛的认可，具有明显的优点。The radiograph shows the fracture line through the sacrum and avulsion of the tip of the transverse process of L5.没有累及及骨盆环的撕脱骨折，属稳定型骨折。5 cm,和(或)骶髂关节分离,其前部韧带断裂、后部韧带完整。一侧或型损伤加对侧外旋损伤(对侧开书式损伤)。It shows avulsion of the posterio
17、r iliac apophysis(arrow).每种损伤方式的致伤原因有明显区别,APC型常发生于步行者和摩托车相撞的事故中。Young-Burgess分型的临床意义In Stages 2 and 3 the separation at the symphysis pubis is greater than 2.APC 型：耻骨分离2.Displacement appears to be minimal,but the unstable nature of this injury is best shown on the CT scan by the wide displacement of
18、 the sacral fragments.Tile 分型：根据骨折的稳定程度及其移位方向所提出的分类标准。LC型常发生于摩托车、汽车相撞。A3:不累及骨盆环,骶骨或尾骨骨折无移位。Displacement appears to be minimal,but the unstable nature of this injury is best shown on the CT scan by the wide displacement of the sacral fragments.作用力偏后,表现为骶骨骨折、一侧坐骨和耻骨支水平骨折和伤侧骶骨压缩骨折。注重暴力的传递途径及骨折发生的先后顺序，旨
19、在减少对后环损伤的遗漏；轴向暴力作用于骨盆产生耻骨联合分离或耻骨支纵形骨折，骨盆环韧带和骨复合物破裂。Young-BurgessYoung-Burgess分型的临床意义分型的临床意义注重暴力的传递途径及骨折发生的先后顺序，旨在减少对后环损伤的遗漏；注意骨折局部及其伴发损伤的存在，并预见性地采取相应的复苏手段；根据患者的全身情况结合骨折的具体表现选择恰当的治疗方法骨盆骨折各种分型间的联系骨盆骨折各种分型间的联系谢谢各位老师的聆听！A A 型骨折型骨折没有累及及骨盆环的撕脱骨折，属稳定型骨折。该类骨折中骨盆后部和顶部的骨和韧带仍保持完整。A1:骨盆边缘骨折,不累及骨盆环,撕脱伤;A2:骨盆环有骨折
20、或有轻度移位。A3:不累及骨盆环,骶骨或尾骨骨折无移位。B B 型骨折型骨折旋转不稳、垂直稳定的骨盆环损伤,损伤的骨盆后侧张力带和骨盆底仍保持完整无损伤,髋骨可发生旋转不稳定。B1:外旋损伤,翻书样损伤。B2:骨盆单侧的侧方挤压损伤或髋骨内旋损伤,内旋不稳定。B3:对侧B型损伤。“桶柄状”损伤B3B3型骨折型骨折Bucket Handle Lateral Compression Injury-Type B3.The diagram shows the typical appearance of a bucket handle injury,with the left hemi-pelvis i
21、nternally and superiorly rotated by 40.The radiograph shows internal rotation of the left hemi-pelvis with fracture of all four pubic rami.The CT scan confirms the internal rotation of the hemipelvis and the crush injury of the anterior sacrum.It shows avulsion of the posterior iliac apophysis(arrow
22、).APC 型：耻骨分离2.5 cm，骶髂关节前部分离；呈典型的“开书样”骨折。一侧或两侧耻骨支骨折或耻骨联合分离,移位超过2.5 cm,和(或)骶髂关节分离,其前部韧带断裂、后部韧带完整。一侧或两侧耻骨支骨折或耻骨联合分离,移位超过2.In Stages 2 and 3 the separation at the symphysis pubis is greater than 2.The drawing shows an unstable vertical shear fracture.每种损伤方式的致伤原因有明显区别,APC型常发生于步行者和摩托车相撞的事故中。作用力偏后,表现为骶骨骨折、
23、一侧坐骨和耻骨支水平骨折和伤侧骶骨压缩骨折。旋转不稳、垂直稳定的骨盆环损伤,损伤的骨盆后侧张力带和骨盆底仍保持完整无损伤,髋骨可发生旋转不稳定。注重暴力的传递途径及骨折发生的先后顺序，旨在减少对后环损伤的遗漏；呈典型的“开书样”骨折。旋转不稳、垂直稳定的骨盆环损伤,损伤的骨盆后侧张力带和骨盆底仍保持完整无损伤,髋骨可发生旋转不稳定。A2:骨盆环有骨折或有轻度移位。A1:骨盆边缘骨折,不累及骨盆环,撕脱伤;C3:骨盆环破裂合并髋臼骨折。B1:外旋损伤,翻书样损伤。前和（或）后部纵和（或）横形骨折，可见各类骨折的组合形式（LC-VS型和LC-APC型等）CM型（complex mechanism）
24、根据患者的全身情况结合骨折的具体表现选择恰当的治疗方法旋转不稳、垂直稳定的骨盆环损伤,损伤的骨盆后侧张力带和骨盆底仍保持完整无损伤,髋骨可发生旋转不稳定。A2:骨盆环有骨折或有轻度移位。B3:对侧B型损伤。A2:骨盆环有骨折或有轻度移位。APC型：耻骨分离或耻骨支纵形骨折2.5cm，骶髂关节前后部均分离。半侧骨盆完全性分离,但无纵向移位,前后方韧带同时断裂骶髂关节完全性分离。5 cm,和(或)骶髂关节分离,其前部韧带断裂、后部韧带完整。Displacement appears to be minimal,but the unstable nature of this injury is bes
25、t shown on the CT scan by the wide displacement of the sacral fragments.Displacement appears to be minimal,but the unstable nature of this injury is best shown on the CT scan by the wide displacement of the sacral fragments.C3:骨盆环破裂合并髋臼骨折。In Stage 1 the disruption of the symphysis pubis is less than
26、 2.轴向暴力作用于骨盆产生耻骨联合分离或耻骨支纵形骨折，骨盆环韧带和骨复合物破裂。A2:骨盆环有骨折或有轻度移位。一侧或两侧耻骨支骨折或耻骨联合分离,移位超过2.Young和Burgess根据损伤机制将骨盆骨折分为4种类型,包括侧方挤压型(LC型)、前后挤压型(APC型)、纵向剪切型(VS型)及复合应力型(CM型)。5 cm,和(或)骶髂关节分离,其前部韧带断裂、后部韧带完整。CM型（complex mechanism）VS型（vertical shear）The diagram shows the typical appearance of a bucket handle injury,w
27、ith the left hemi-pelvis internally and superiorly rotated by 40.A2:骨盆环有骨折或有轻度移位。LC型常发生于摩托车、汽车相撞。In Stage 1 the disruption of the symphysis pubis is less than 2.得到了学术界（AO/ASIF、OTA、SICOT）较广泛的认可，具有明显的优点。The radiograph shows internal rotation of the left hemi-pelvis with fracture of all four pubic rami
28、.旋转和垂直不稳定的骨盆环损伤。作用力偏前,表现为一侧耻骨支水平骨折、骶骨前缘压缩骨折、髂骨翼新月形骨折.The CT scan confirms the internal rotation of the hemipelvis and the crush injury of the anterior sacrum.The diagram shows the typical appearance of a bucket handle injury,with the left hemi-pelvis internally and superiorly rotated by 40.The radio
29、graph shows the fracture line through the sacrum and avulsion of the tip of the transverse process of L5.This implies disruption of the sacrospinous旋转和垂直不稳定的骨盆环损伤。Young-Burgess分型的临床意义B1:外旋损伤,翻书样损伤。呈典型的“开书样”骨折。5 cm，于耻骨联合处或矢状位耻骨支骨折。C3:骨盆环破裂合并髋臼骨折。Tile 分型：根据骨折的稳定程度及其移位方向所提出的分类标准。LC 型：型+同侧髂骨翼骨折或后部骶髂关节分离
30、；5 cm,和(或)骶髂关节分离,其前部韧带断裂、后部韧带完整。没有累及及骨盆环的撕脱骨折，属稳定型骨折。In Stage 1 the disruption of the symphysis pubis is less than 2.It shows avulsion of the posterior iliac apophysis(arrow).5 cm，于耻骨联合处或矢状位耻骨支骨折。B2:骨盆单侧的侧方挤压损伤或髋骨内旋损伤,内旋不稳定。In Stage 1 the disruption of the symphysis pubis is less than 2.The shearing
31、 forces cause massive disruption of the pelvic ring,its soft tissues and surrounding structures.注重暴力的传递途径及骨折发生的先后顺序，旨在减少对后环损伤的遗漏；Displacement appears to be minimal,but the unstable nature of this injury is best shown on the CT scan by the wide displacement of the sacral fragments.5 cm，于耻骨联合处或矢状位耻骨支骨
32、折。The CT scan confirms the internal rotation of the hemipelvis and the crush injury of the anterior sacrum.CM型（complex mechanism）A1:骨盆边缘骨折,不累及骨盆环,撕脱伤;前和（或）后部纵和（或）横形骨折，可见各类骨折的组合形式（LC-VS型和LC-APC型等）In Stages 2 and 3 the separation at the symphysis pubis is greater than 2.The diagram shows the typical a
33、ppearance of a bucket handle injury,with the left hemi-pelvis internally and superiorly rotated by 40.The drawing shows an unstable vertical shear fracture.CM型（complex mechanism）旋转不稳、垂直稳定的骨盆环损伤,损伤的骨盆后侧张力带和骨盆底仍保持完整无损伤,髋骨可发生旋转不稳定。5 cm，于耻骨联合处或矢状位耻骨支骨折。旋转不稳、垂直稳定的骨盆环损伤,损伤的骨盆后侧张力带和骨盆底仍保持完整无损伤,髋骨可发生旋转不稳定。旋
34、转和垂直不稳定的骨盆环损伤。Young-Burgess分型半侧骨盆完全性分离,但无纵向移位,前后方韧带同时断裂骶髂关节完全性分离。半侧骨盆完全性分离,但无纵向移位,前后方韧带同时断裂骶髂关节完全性分离。5 cm and there is no posterior lesion.注重暴力的传递途径及骨折发生的先后顺序，旨在减少对后环损伤的遗漏；旋转不稳、垂直稳定的骨盆环损伤,损伤的骨盆后侧张力带和骨盆底仍保持完整无损伤,髋骨可发生旋转不稳定。CM型（complex mechanism）The drawing shows an unstable vertical shear fracture.Th
35、e radiograph shows the fracture line through the sacrum and avulsion of the tip of the transverse process of L5.APC 型：耻骨分离2.5 cm,和(或)骶髂关节分离,其前部韧带断裂、后部韧带完整。注重暴力的传递途径及骨折发生的先后顺序，旨在减少对后环损伤的遗漏；前和（或）后部纵和（或）横形骨折，可见各类骨折的组合形式（LC-VS型和LC-APC型等）ligament and the anterior sacroiliac ligament.Young-Burgess 分型：在Pen
36、nal 和Tile分型基础上，以损伤机制为重点，可作为判断骨盆损伤严重程度的预警性标准。VS型（vertical shear）作用力偏前,表现为一侧耻骨支水平骨折、骶骨前缘压缩骨折、髂骨翼新月形骨折.The radiograph shows internal rotation of the left hemi-pelvis with fracture of all four pubic rami.一侧或型损伤加对侧外旋损伤(对侧开书式损伤)。作用力偏后,表现为骶骨骨折、一侧坐骨和耻骨支水平骨折和伤侧骶骨压缩骨折。APC型：耻骨分离或耻骨支纵形骨折2.CM型（complex mechanism）
37、Displacement appears to be minimal,but the unstable nature of this injury is best shown on the CT scan by the wide displacement of the sacral fragments.ligament and the anterior sacroiliac ligament.旋转和垂直不稳定的骨盆环损伤。The diagram shows the typical appearance of a bucket handle injury,with the left hemi-p
38、elvis internally and superiorly rotated by 40.ligament and the anterior sacroiliac ligament.A2:骨盆环有骨折或有轻度移位。C3:骨盆环破裂合并髋臼骨折。LC型（lateral compression）5 cm，于耻骨联合处或矢状位耻骨支骨折。ligament and the anterior sacroiliac ligament.盆底结构、后侧骶髂部稳定结构完全损伤,骶棘和骶结节韧带完全撕裂。VS型（vertical shear）旋转和垂直不稳定的骨盆环损伤。该类骨折中骨盆后部和顶部的骨和韧带仍保持
39、完整。The CT scan confirms the internal rotation of the hemipelvis and the crush injury of the anterior sacrum.Young和Burgess根据损伤机制将骨盆骨折分为4种类型,包括侧方挤压型(LC型)、前后挤压型(APC型)、纵向剪切型(VS型)及复合应力型(CM型)。5 cm，于耻骨联合处或矢状位耻骨支骨折。A1:骨盆边缘骨折,不累及骨盆环,撕脱伤;B1:外旋损伤,翻书样损伤。旋转不稳、垂直稳定的骨盆环损伤,损伤的骨盆后侧张力带和骨盆底仍保持完整无损伤,髋骨可发生旋转不稳定。得到了学术界（AO/ASIF、OTA、SICOT）较广泛的认可，具有明显的优点。B2:骨盆单侧的侧方挤压损伤或髋骨内旋损伤,内旋不稳定。CMCM型（型（complex mechanismcomplex mechanism）前和（或）后部纵和（或）横形骨折，可见各类骨折的组合形式（LC-VS型和LC-APC型等）
