1、Do Bugs Need Drugs?A Community Program for Wise Use of AntibioticsAntibiotics Most significant discovery of modern medicine Save millions of lives Caused by overuse and misuse of antibiotics Limits effectiveness of antibiotics Patients with resistant infections cannot be treatedAntibioticResistance7
2、5%of antibiotics prescribed for respiratory tract infections50%of antibiotic prescriptions are inappropriateMost respiratory tract infections are caused by virusesAntibiotics do not work against virusesAntibiotics in theCommunity Canadian survey,NIPA,2002 53%of adults believe antibiotics are effecti
3、ve against virusesMisconceptions Health Canada,CCAR,1997 Decrease antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory tract infections by 25%NationalMandateHealthcare professionals,public,students,childcare centres,seniorsStarted October 1998Multistakeholder programA Community Program for Wise Useof Antibiotic
4、s Wash your hands!Handwashing is the best way to stop the spread of infections.Not all bugs are created equal.Antibiotics work against bacteria,but not against viruses.Use antibiotics wisely.Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics.Key MessagesHandwashingHandwashing 80%of common infections sprea
5、d by hands Most effective way to prevent the spread of respiratory tract infectionsGood Bacteria Good bacteria live on the skin and in the mouth and intestines Do not cause disease Not easily removed by handwashing Protect against disease-causing bacteria and virusesBad Germs Usually survive less th
6、an 24 hours Easily removed by handwashing Can be either bacteria or viruses Cause diseaseHow dirty are things?University of Arizona studyTucson,Chicago,San FranciscoContamination(%)Playground44Bus rails35Public Restrooms25Pens(shared)16Vending Machines14Public phones*13*home phones more contaminated
7、How easy is it to transmit germs?10 million E.coli 0157.H7 Patting contaminated ground beef1,000 100,000 bacteria to hands Touching patient shoulder Measuring blood pressureTelephone and observational handwashing surveysSeptember 2005 /6000+people 91%say they wash their hands 83%actually do 90%women
8、/75%menDo people really wash?American Society for MicrobiologyDoes it work?Ryan M,Health Naval Research Center,San Diego Recruits ordered to wash hands at least 5 times/day 45%reduction in respiratory illnessLee M,Canadian Journal of Infection,Toronto Nursing students washed hands at least 7 times/d
9、ay Reduced number of infections/coldsKarachi Study-2005Squatter settlementsThree groups:no soapplain soapantimicrobial soapGroups receiving soap:50%reduction in pneumonia53%reduction in diarrhea34%reduction in impetigoNo benefit in using antibacterial soapBefore meals/food preparationAfter using the
10、 toilet/helping a child use the toiletBefore and after changing diapersAfter blowing nose/helping a child with a runny noseAfter play or handling shared objectsBefore inserting/removing contact lensesBefore flossing your teethWhen to Wash HandsWet your handsApply soapRub hands together for 20 second
11、sSing Twinkle,Twinkle SongRinse for 10 secondsDry with a towelUse towel to turn off taps and open the doorHow to Wash HandsSoap Does not have antibiotics Removes dirt and grease that attract bad germs Does not promote antibacterial resistanceUse plain soap Antibacterial soap promotes antibiotic resi
12、stance Antibacterial soap adds antibiotics to the enviroment No more effective than plain soapSoapAntibacterial soap not recommendedHand Drying Removes 42%more germs than washing alone Use clean towels Avoid sharing towels Hot air dryers promote bacterial growth because hands are left warm and moist
13、HandwashingBest way to stop the spread of respiratory tract infectionsTM Alcohol-based gels(60%alcohol)Do not cause antibiotic resistance Kill many bacteria and viruses Not effective against many germs that cause diarrhea Should not replace soap and water.Not needed in the home.Alcohol hand rubsNot
14、All Bugs AreCreated EqualNot All Bugs AreCreated EqualBoth viruses and bacteria cause respiratory tract infectionsMost respiratory tract infectionsare caused by virusesViral Infections Most respiratory tract infections are caused by viruses Viral infections make you feel sick all over your body Cold
15、s and flu,and most sore throats,coughs and sinus infections are caused by virusesAntibiotics DO NOT work against virusesLess common than viral infectionsDo not spread as easily from one person to anotherUsually affect only one part of the bodyPneumonia and Strep throat are caused by bacteriaAntibiot
16、ics DO work against bacteriaBacterialInfectionsAntibioticResistanceAntibioticResistance Antibiotics kill most bacteria but some are able to survive Surviving bacteria have“antibiotic resistance”Antibiotic resistant bacteria cannot be killed by that antibioticAntibioticResistance Taking antibiotics w
17、hen they are not needed makes your good bacteria resistant Antibiotic resistance can be transferred from one bacterium to another,including bad bacteria that cause diseaseAntibioticResistance Antibiotics will not work against bacteria with antibiotic resistance People can die from antibiotic resista
18、nt infectionsAntibioticResistanceBacteria have antibiotic resistance when they cannot be killed by an antibiotic.Remember,it is the bacteria that are resistant NOT YOU!FeverHelps the body fight infectionOccurs with most respiratory tract infectionsOccurs with both viral and bacterial infectionsCold/
19、Runny Nose Colds are caused by viruses Most colds are associated with a sore throat or a cough Fluid from the nose becomes yellow/green after 2-3 daysThis does not mean it is a bacterial infectionInfluenzaInfluenza is caused by a virusPrevention of influenza:Influenza vaccine Frequent handwashing St
20、ay away from school or workSore Throat Most sore throats are due to viruses Occasionally a sore throat may be due to Streptococcus bacteriaThe only way to diagnose Strep throat is with a throat swab.Ear Ache 70-80%of ear infections get better without antibiotics In children over 2 years of age-use a
21、cetaminophen for 48-72 hoursHandwashing is the best prevention for ear infections since most ear infections occur after a coldSinusitisViral sinusitis is up to 200 times more common than bacterial sinusitisYellow/green nasal discharge lasting more than 10 days may indicate bacterial sinusitisCough M
22、ost coughs in adults and children are caused by viral infections Cough is often prolonged with viral infections Sometimes a cough may indicate pneumoniaYOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE!Promote and support three key messages:Wash your hands!Not all bugs are created equal.Use antibiotics wisely.A Community P
23、rogramfor Wise Useof Antibiotics Using this presentation Available:www.dobugsneeddrugs.org/public/tutorial.html To see slide annotations,go to“View”and select“Notes page”If using this presentation please include this statement:Do Bugs Need Drugs?was developed by Capital Health,Towards Optimized Practice program of the Alberta Medical Association,Alberta Lung Association and University of Alberta.
