1、Power Generation 1 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienOct.2004西门子燃气轮西门子燃气轮机介绍机介绍Oct.2004Power Generation 2 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienDevelopment of the SIEMENS GT-EfficiencyOct.2004Power Generation 3 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienSiemens Vx4.3A Gas TurbineTurbineCombustionChamberCompressor24 Hybrid BurnersTotal Experiencel 500 units in
2、stalled l 80 units committedl 22 million hoursA Series Experiencel 143 units(30 ordered)l 2,315,287 hoursl October 2004Oct.2004Power Generation 4 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienScaled VX4.3A Row 1 Turbine VanesOct.2004Power Generation 5 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienScaled Rotors(V94.3,V64.3)Oct.2004Power Generation 6 PG G
3、2 GT/Dr.ThienSiemens Gas Turbine Family VX4.3A(1996)Compressor15 stagesPressure ratio 16.9Mass flow 645 kg/sCDA-profiles with side-wall correctionCombustorIntegrated annular combustorLining:air-cooled metallic heat shields or ceramic tiles24 hybrid burnersNOx 25 ppm(gas)Turbine4 stagesSingle crystal
4、 row 1&2 bladesCOC and TBC*)4+3 vane and blade rows cooledRow 1&2 vanes and row 1 blade withfilm coolingRotorNo alterations*)COC=Corrosion and Oxidation Coating,TBC=Thermal Barrier Coating2001:TISO=1230 C398 MW/58.4%Annular combustorOct.2004Power Generation 7 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienV94.3A Gas TurbineDesi
5、gn Features12876543(1)Generator coupling-At cold end drive(2)Casing-Horizontally-Split(3)Rotor-Two bearings-Hollow shaft-Disks interlocked via Hirth serrations-Disks axially fixed via Central tie bolt(4)Compressor-15-Stage-Optimized flow distribution-Variable inlet guide vanes(5)Combustion System-An
6、nular chamber-24 Hybrid Burners-Ceramic and metallic heat shields(6)Burners-Dry low-NOx technology-Multiple fuels capability(7)Turbine-4-Stage-Advanced cooling technology-Thermal barrier blade coatings-Film cooling of blade airfoils(8)Exhaust-Axial Oct.2004Power Generation 8 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienSiemen
7、s VX4.3A1)with Annular CombustorAnnular Combustor1)A=Annular CombustorOct.2004Power Generation 9 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienSiemens Designation of Gas Turbines,Simple Cycle-and Unfired Combined Cycle-Power Plants3_0_0_0_1 PG W81For Example:Annular combustion chamberDevelopment state3=3rd generationCompressor
8、 size-Compressor mass flow Rate-Power outputSpeed9=50 Hz8=60 Hz6=90 Hz(Gearbox)Combustion machine(German:Verbrennungs-kraftmaschine)n CC 2.V94.3An CC 2.W501FDesignation of gas turbinemodelNo.of gas turbines per block(Mult-shaft arrangement,1S=single-shaft arrangement)Combined cycleorSC:Simple cycleN
9、o.of CC or SC blocksV94.3AOct.2004Power Generation 10 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienPerformance Data of 50 Hz Siemens Gas TurbinesEngine(50 HZ)V94.2V64.3V94.3V94.3A(1)V64.3AV94.3A(2)V94.2ASpeedrpm3000540030003000540030003000IntroductionYear1981199019951996199719981999Air Flowkg/s510189612616189645522Exhaust Flo
10、wkg/s519192624628192659532Pressure Ratio11.116.116.116.216.216.914.0ISO TemperatureC1060113011601190119012301174RIT(Rotor Inlet T.)C11051250129013261326TIT(Turbine Inlet T.)C11251300134014001400Exhaust TemperatureC540530550570570576572NOx(Gas Operation)ppm25253525252525SC PowerMW1576322223367272192S
11、C Efficiency%34.435.336.237.334.939.035.8CC PowerMW23890328348101383285CC Efficiency%52.151.554.85753.658.456.3Oct.2004Power Generation 11 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienBasic Rotor DesignsOct.2004Power Generation 12 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienRotor Designl Design features-Radial serration between all rotor parts(Hirth-S
12、erration)-Central tie boltl Advantages-Safe torque transmission-Precise centering of all rotor parts,also with different radial extension of the parts-No disturbation of the rotational symmetry of the rotor,also with changing tie bolt force-Capabilty of on-site rotor disassembly and reassembly witho
13、ut the need of rebalancing-Simple generating and adjustment of the tie bolt force with hydraulic loading equipmentOct.2004Power Generation 13 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienHirth-Serration of a Compressor DiscHirth-SerrationOct.2004Power Generation 14 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienTurbine Disc with Hirth SerrationsOct.2004P
14、ower Generation 15 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienAir Flows inside the RotorOct.2004Power Generation 16 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienV84.3A CompressorOct.2004Power Generation 17 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienSiemens Compressor Blade EvolutionV84.3V84.3ARow 1 Blades V84.3A CDA blade of a rear stagewith side-wall correctionOct.2004Power
15、 Generation 18 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienNOx-Emission vs.Combustion Temperature&Residential TimeAir number l lNOx-Emission(ppm)Residential Time(ms)Lufttemperatur=400 CResidential times(ms):1 Silo-combustor1502 Annular combustor 303 Can-combustor 15Air temperature 400 C123Single Digit NOx EmissionThe NOx-Emi
16、ssion depends on CT only(with a given residential time)Combustion Temperature(C)Oct.2004Power Generation 19 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienThe Vx.yA Family with Annular Hybrid Burner Ring(HBR)CombustorAnnular Combustor with 24 HybridburnersCompressorTurbineOct.2004Power Generation 20 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienComparison
17、 of Diffusion Burner and Premix BurnerDiffusionPremixFuel gasPilot gasFuel gasAirAirhot zoneOct.2004Power Generation 21 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienCurrent Emission Status V94.3ANOx Emissions are 25ppm at 100%base load.010203040506070800,010,020,030,040,050,060,070,080,090,0100,0P GT%Nox CO 15%O2 ppmvd25 ppm1
18、5 ppmCONOx(UL)NOx(LL)Oct.2004Power Generation 22 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienHR3-Hybrid BurnerPilot oil supplyPilot oil returnPremix oil nozzlesDiffusion gas supplyPremix gas nozzlesInner swirlerDiffusion and pilot gas nozzlesPremix gas supplyFuel oil pilot Premix passageOct.2004Power Generation 23 PG G 2 GT/
19、Dr.ThienVX4.3A Annular CombustorOct.2004Power Generation 24 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienSiemens V94.3A Annular Combustor with Air Cooled Metallic Heat ShieldsInspection on burner sideInspection on turbine sideOct.2004Power Generation 25 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienDesign of Combustion Chamber WallCast steel casing line
20、d with ceramic and metallic heat shieldsIndividual heat shield can be exchanged during combustion chamber inspections by access through man holes.Oct.2004Power Generation 26 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienDesign Feature of V-Series:Annular Combustion Chamber with Ceramic Heatshields(CHS)Oct.2004Power Generation
21、27 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienV94.2A Combustor Hub PartOct.2004Power Generation 28 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienSiemens Combustor DevelopmentV94.2V94.3V94.3A2 Silo-Combustors2x8 Hybrid burners2 Shortened Silo-Comb.2x8 Hybrid Burners1Annular Combustor24 Hybrid BurnersCombustor Load 10 20 116 MWth/m3Smaller and shorter c
22、ombustor for reduction ofcooling air consumption and residential timeOct.2004Power Generation 29 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienFurther Component Quality ImprovementCombustion Systeml Improve design toolsl Improve total modelling(flow+combustion)l Improve validation basel Improve measuring technologyl Reduce NOx
23、-Emissionl Improve cooling technology l Improve dry premix combustion for liquid fuelsl Develop new combustion technologies(catalytic combustion?)l Secure stable combustion Explore the combustion instability phenomenonl Develop measures against combustion instabilitiesVelocity distributionSiemens VX
24、4.3A Annular CombustorTemperature distributionOct.2004Power Generation 30 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienV84.3A Turbine Oct.2004Power Generation 31 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienCooling Efficiencies of Various Blade Cooling MethodsOct.2004Power Generation 32 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienCooling Methods for Turbine BladesThermal Barrie
25、r Coating(TBC)BondcoatBladeImpingementInsertCooling effects:AImpigement coolingB Enhanced convection cooling by turbilence generatorsC Internal heat transferD Film coolingHot gas sideOct.2004Power Generation 33 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienVX4.3A Stage 1 Vane and BladeOct.2004Power Generation 34 PG G 2 GT/Dr.T
26、hienGreat(German)engineering!Compare this!One gas turbine blade 10 Porsche Turbos,but the price of a blade -is only that of one Volkswagen Rabbit!Delivers the power of:Oct.2004Power Generation 35 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienV84.3A Row 1 Turbine VaneOct.2004Power Generation 36 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienV84.3A Row 1 Tu
27、rbine BladeOct.2004Power Generation 37 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienVX4.3A Turbine Designcored row 4 bladeoncooledwithout shroudSingle crystal row 1&2 bladesFilm cooled row 1&2 vanes androw 1 bladeOct.2004Power Generation 38 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienAdvanced Turbine Blade Casting TechnologiesPoly Crystal(PC)Direction
28、alSolidification(DS)Single Crystal(SC)Oct.2004Power Generation 39 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienThermal Barrier CoatingsEB-PVD Thermal Barrier CoatingEB PVD=Electronic Beam Plasma Vapour Deposition Oct.2004Power Generation 40 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienPyrometric Temperature Measurement(V84.3A Shop Test)Oct.2004Power Ge
29、neration 41 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienCoatings against Corrosion and OxidationRow 1 vane with corrosion attackCorrosion and Oxidation CoatingsOct.2004Power Generation 42 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienFurther Component Quality Improvement TurbinelImprove design toolslImprove validation baselImprove measuring technologyl
30、Improve cooling technologylImprove casting technologylImprove coating technologylImprove refurbishing technoloylImprove high temperature materialslDevelop new high temperature materials(ceramics?)lDevelop a new material for long final stage bladeslOptimize exhaust gas channellReduce manufacturing co
31、stslReduce maintenance costsSiemens VX4.3A TurbineOct.2004Power Generation 43 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienLarge 50 Hz Gas Turbines State of DevelopmentGas TurbineV94.3A(2)MHI 701GGT269FA9HManufacturerSiemensMitsubishiAlstomGEGEYear of Introduction19981997*19961996*2000(?)Compr.Mass Flowkg/s737*624*685Exhaust
32、Mass Flowkg/s656*562*Pressure Ratio17,0*21,0*30/1515.4*23ISO-TemperatureC12301235RIT(Rotor Inlet T.)C144913271427TIT(Turbine Inlet T.)C1500Exhaust Gas Temp.C584*587*640*609*NOx(Gas)ppmvd2525 252525SC Power Output MW272*334*262*256*-SC Efficiency%39,039,5*38,2*36,9*-CC Power Output MW398484*378*391*4
33、80*CC Efficiency%58,458,0*57,0*56,7*60*Specific Price GT$/kW194*180*196*194*Quelle:Gas Turbine World 2000-2001 Handbook,Vol.21Oct.2004Power Generation 44 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienGas turbines with more than 8 months of documented experience in commercial operation in the year 2003Averagereliability99,5%Ave
34、rageavailability95,6%919293 9394 94 94 9495 9596 96 96 96 9697 97 9798 9899 99 99 99 99 99 1001008989050100123456789 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30可用率可用率 V94.3A 20031111Major overhaul1Oct.2004Power Generation 45 PG G 2 GT/Dr.Thien可靠性可靠性 V94.2,V94.3A,V84.3A 1997-200399
35、.699.7 99.399.8 99.799.199.69095100%19971998200019992001Year99.7 99.7 99.5 99.5 99.2 2002V94.2V94.3A V84.3A2003Oct.2004Power Generation 46 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienV94.3A V94.3A 先进先进的液力轴向间隙优化装置的液力轴向间隙优化装置Value:Increased power and efficiencyResult:Successfully operated Performance increase measured Clearanc
36、es verifiedMeasure:Hydraulic rotor shift by pistons behind the compressor axial bearing Clearances are designed for hot restart and can be reduced during operation Fail safe design+RetrofitableOct.2004Power Generation 47 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienV94.3A UpgradeHydraulic Clearance OptimizationOct.2004Power G
37、eneration 48 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienCombined Cycle Single-Shaft Power TrainCombustion TurbineFoundationGeneratorSteam TurbineExciterClutchOct.2004Power Generation 49 PG G 2 GT/Dr.Thien15 mm(0.6 in)Gas TurbineGeneratorExcitationClutchSteam TurbineJournal BearingJournal Thrust-BearingJournal BearingsJourna
38、l BearingsJournal BearingJournal Thrust-BearingOptimized ThermalGrowth20 mm(0.8 in)0Compensation withinthe Clutch12 mm(0.5 in)15 mm(0.6 in)0Bearing and Clutch Arrangement of Power TrainOct.2004Power Generation 50 PG G 2 GT/Dr.ThienFunctional Diagram of Synchronous ClutchdisengagedengagingengagedEBCAFGD
