1、Part II Oral Presentation Skills Chapter IX Chapter IX Audiences Attention Audiences AttentionTask Objectives You will learn to show an attracting rather than detracting presentation by getting to knowwhy the audience gets distractedwhy the audience gets distractedthe techniques to keep audience att
2、ention the techniques to keep audience attention during the presentation during the presentation how to capture an audiences attention by how to capture an audiences attention by posture,eye contact and moreposture,eye contact and moreTask PreparationListen to the following two beginnings of present
3、ations about the importance of body language,and then answer the following questions:1.Which beginning of the presentation do you prefer?2.Which beginning makes you feel relaxed?3.Which beginning makes you feel connected with the topic?4.Which presenation will catch your attention during real presen
4、tation settings?1.open,2.B,3.B,4.B1.open,2.B,3.B,4.BSkill FocusI.Why does the audience get distracted?There are many reasons why this may happen,some may be outside your control,such as inadequate sound systems,poor overhead projectors,or noisy conference centers with cardboard walls between two ses
5、sions running in parallel.What you can do is to avoid anything that may encourage the audience to stop listening.Such mistakes fall in two classes:speakers errors and presentation errors.We list a couple of the most common ones,and most are self explanatory.Skill FocusI.Why does the audience get dis
6、tracted?The speaker lives in his own little world of research,so he believes that all the background information needed to appreciate the meaning of his work is common knowledge.This is seldom the case!The structure of the presentation is unclear,and consequently the line of reasoning is hard to fol
7、low.Important matters as problem identification,aims,or motivation are insufficiently clear.Visual aids(transparencies,slides)are inadequate,confusing,unreadable,too small,too crowded,etc.Some speakers show too many in a too short time(one per minute is not bad as a rule of thumb).Skill FocusI.Why d
8、oes the audience get distracted?The speaker uses long,complicated sentences;he uses unnecessary jargon,abbreviations or difficult words.Passive sentences(“From this figure it was deduced that”or“It was therefore concluded that”)are more difficult to follow than active ones(“This figure implies that”
9、or“Therefore,we conclude that”).Even worse is when the speaker reads his speech from paper and forgets thata.written language is usually more formal and complicated than language used in everyday conversations,b.and reading written text goes a lot faster than impromptu speaking.Skill FocusI.Why does
10、 the audience get distracted?In such cases the audience will definitely experience information overload.Of course we sympathize with the speaker who feels insufficiently confident in English.However,reading a text is almost always an unsatisfactory solution.And after all,nobody in the audience will
11、blame you for a couple of mistakes in the language,and English will be a foreign language for the majority of the participants.Monotonous sentences,spoken either too fast or too slowly,lack of emphasis,unclear pronunciation,all make it difficult for the listeners to stay attentive.Some speakers turn
12、 their back to the audience and watch the projection screen while they are talking,in stead of trying to make visual contact with the audience.Skill FocusII.What are the techniques to keep audience attention during the presentation?Please note that,in our language of English,attention is paid becaus
13、e attention is a valuable currency.When listeners pay attention,they are rewarding you with arguably the most valuable currency in the world.Here are 10 techniques that are guaranteed to earn you more attention without losing any of your professional credibility.1.Start with the unexpected.Start wit
14、h a bang,not a whimper.Smokers like matches that light with the first strike,and listeners like presentations that ignite interest with the first sentence.For instance:“We stand today at a place of battle,one that 40 years ago saw and felt the worst of war.”President Ronald Reagan “I stand before yo
15、u today,the representative of a family in grief,in a country in mourning,before a world in shock.”The Earl Spencer,brother of Lady Diana.Skill FocusII.What are the techniques to keep audience attention during the presentation?“I wish you could have been there”Patricia Fripp,CSP,Former President of t
16、he National Speakers Association.Each of these opening lines makes us lean in,lend an ear,and wonder where the speaker will take us.They jump right into the subject and create suspense,intrigue,curiosity.2.Make it about them.Now that youve gotten listeners attention with your magnetic opening,make t
17、he story about them.Increase your You-to-Me-Ratio.Talk about their goals,their aspirations,their anxieties.Cicero,a Roman statesman and orator,and one of the greatest speakers in the history of the world,said,“Tickling and soothing anxieties is the test of a speakers impact and technique.”He meant t
18、hat you can capture attention if you remind an audience of a felt need,a pain point,or a threat to their well-being.Skill FocusII.What are the techniques to keep audience attention during the presentation?3.Keep it concrete at the start.Show a prop.Use language that appeals to the senses.Dont tax th
19、e audience right away with abstract reasoning or academic concepts.Better to hide your smarts than to wear them on your sleeve.Storytelling is a powerful way to get into a topic because we are hard-wired to absorb information through storytelling.4.Keep it moving.Not just in terms of pace,but in ter
20、ms of development.Make sure that every new bit of information you provide builds on what came before.We lose interest in movies when nothing is happening,or novels that stop while the author describes a bucolic setting for two pages.Our brains are saying,“I want action!Drama.Suspense.”The same holds
21、 true for your listeners.They are time-pressed,content-driven,and results-oriented.Skill FocusII.What are the techniques to keep audience attention during the presentation?5.Get to the point.One of the great pleasures the audience has is quickly grasping what youre getting at.They resent you when yo
22、u rob them of this pleasure.6.Arouse emotion.Humor is inherently persuasive.It gives the speaker an unfair advantage because it literally changes the chemistry in the room,and in the brain of everyone present.But dont try to tell jokes if youre not a comedian.Simply allow your natural sense of humor
23、 to be present in the moment,and when something comes to mind,allow your humor to reveal itself.Confessing something personal about yourself can also make the audience feel connected with you.7.Keep it interactive.Social scientists have demonstrated that an interactive audience is more easily persua
24、ded than a passive one.In many circumstances,the give and take between speaker and audience breaks through the reticence and reserve of listeners,encouragingSkill FocusII.What are the techniques to keep audience attention during the presentation?8.Write clear headlines.Write headlines for your slide
25、s that express a point of view.The audience will get the big idea and look at the body of the slide for evidence that supports your point.9.Keep it short.Stop talking before they stop listening.The mind cannot absorb what the behind cannot endure.10.Let there be you.The presence of a human being alo
26、ne on a stage of any kind,whether its the floor of a small meeting room or the elevated platform of a vast ballroom,is profound.Listeners interpret everything a speaker does:they read your face,your inner rhythm,your posture,voice,and stance.The problem is the mind does this in a matter of seconds,a
27、nd you have to speak longer than that.Plus you may be nervous,not at your scintillating best,so your technical skill at capturing and holding attention could be the difference between success and failure.Skill FocusIII.How to capture an audiences attention by posture,eye,contact and more?The nonverb
28、al message of a presentation is as significant as the The nonverbal message of a presentation is as significant as the verbal language.A persons body language or nonverbal hints,such verbal language.A persons body language or nonverbal hints,such as eye contact,posture,and movement,which transmit a
29、signal to as eye contact,posture,and movement,which transmit a signal to the audience.Three factors matter most to express a nonverbal the audience.Three factors matter most to express a nonverbal message:eye contact,posture,and movement.message:eye contact,posture,and movement.Eye ContactEye Contac
30、t“Maintain eye contact”is a common suggestion in making effective“Maintain eye contact”is a common suggestion in making effective presentations.Eye contact is something like a bridge between the presentations.Eye contact is something like a bridge between the speaker and the audience.Through this br
31、idge,the speaker can speaker and the audience.Through this bridge,the speaker can detect the change of the facial expressions of the audience,for detect the change of the facial expressions of the audience,for example,either the audience are interested in or feel bored with example,either the audien
32、ce are interested in or feel bored with the presentation.Maintaining eye contact is not so simple as a the presentation.Maintaining eye contact is not so simple as a matter of fact.The technique is to focus on one person at a time matter of fact.The technique is to focus on one person at a time and
33、maintain it several seconds to establish a connection.Then move and maintain it several seconds to establish a connection.Then move on.on.Skill FocusIII.How to capture an audiences attention by posture,eye,contact and more?PostureThe posture will help you establish the confidence in presentations.St
34、anding straight with your head held high is a best way to show your confidence.Being dispirited implies that you are fearful and uncertain in your own presentation.You should not be leaning forward,backward,or to either side.Just feel relaxed but not limp.Movement and GesturesA speaker who seldom mo
35、ves may look like hard-shelled,while too many movements and gestures will definitely distract the audience.Therefore,we need a balance.A little movement can do help you connect with the audienceand make presentations energetic.Skill FocusIV.Technical elements1.How long can the audience hold their at
36、tention?If the audience are interested in the content of the presentation,they can concentrate on the presentation for 7 to 10 minutes at most.If the presentation is very boring,then they will lose interest within 7 seconds.If the audience have a short break,then they can start again with another 7-
37、to 10-minute period.Skill FocusIV.Technical elements2.Short breaks Ask the audience a question.If your session is longer than an hour,you need to have some kind of break.Do something interactive.You can build in small exercises to make the audience who are absent-minded get involved in your presenta
38、tion again.Move to a different position.You can do this every five minutes to make the audience focus on you again.Tell a story.Stories will grab audience attention immediately.Scatter interesting stories and make sure the stories are short and relevant to the topic.Check Your Understanding I.Please
39、 decide whether the following statements are true or false based on the“Skill Focus”you have read.1.The speaker lives in his own little world of research,so it is correct that he believes that all the background information needed to appreciate the meaning of his work is common knowledge.2.Monotonou
40、s sentences,spoken either too fast or too slowly,lack of emphasis,unclear pronunciation,all make it difficult for the listeners to stay attentive.3.You can capture attention if you remind an audience of a felt need,a pain point,or a threat to their well-being.4.Body language is not important compare
41、d with verbal language,because eye contact,posture and movement will not convey any messages to the audience.5.Humor is inherently persuasive.Try to tell jokes even if youre not a comedian.6.If the presentation is longer than 60 minutes,youd better have some kind of break.TTFFFTCheck Your Understand
42、ingII.Answer the following questions briefly according to your understanding of the Skill Focus.1.Why does the audience get distracted?A:There are many reasons why this may happen,some may be outside your control,such as inadequate sound systems,poor overhead projectors,or noisy conference centers w
43、ith cardboard walls between two sessions running in parallel.What you can do is avoid anything that may encourage the audience to stop listening.Such mistakes fall in two classes:speakers errors and presentation errors.Check Your UnderstandingII.Answer the following questions briefly according to yo
44、ur understanding of the Skill Focus.2.What are the techniques to keep audience attention during the presentation?A:1)Start with the unexpected.2)Make it about them.3)Keep it concrete at the start.4)Keep it moving.5)Get to the point.6)Arouse emotion.7)Keep it interactive.8)Write clear headlines.9)Kee
45、p it short.10)Let there be you.Check Your UnderstandingII.Answer the following questions briefly according to your understanding of the Skill Focus.3.How can you hold the audiences attention by posture,eye contact and movement?A:Maintain eye contact”is a common suggestion in making effective present
46、ations.Eye contact is something like a bridge between the speaker and the audience.Through this bridge,the speaker can detect the change of the facial expressions of the audience.The posture will help you establish the confidence in presentations.Standing straight with your head held high is a best
47、way to show your confidence.A speaker who seldom moves may look like hard-shelled,while too many movements will definitely distract the audience.4.What can you do during short-breaks?A:Ask the audience a question;do something interactive;move to a different position;tell a story.Tips and Notes学术会议发言
48、重要的是把自己的声音清楚地表达给观众，即使音质不好，如果能秉持自己的主张与信念，依旧可以吸引观众的注意。发言时要注意与观众互动，渲染场上氛围，增强感染力，从而吸引观众的注意，同时还要注意 以下几点：发言的开始要浅显易懂，重点是抛出问题或激发兴趣，发言时要时刻面对观众而不是屏幕，要环顾整个会场，需要观察听众对所讲内容的反映，适时地调整发言的 内容、表情与动作，语音语调很重要，该快则快，该重则重，该停顿则适 当停顿。Task RealizationI.listen to the five passages of introduction in an oral I.listen to the fiv
49、e passages of introduction in an oral presentation and then match the numbers of the passage on the presentation and then match the numbers of the passage on the left column with the topics on the right column.left column with the topics on the right column.1.C,2.D,3.E,4.B,5.A1.C,2.D,3.E,4.B,5.ATask
50、 RealizationII.II.Listen to the five passages of introductions in an oral Listen to the five passages of introductions in an oral presentation for the second time and then match the numbers of presentation for the second time and then match the numbers of the passage on the left column with the tech
