1、非谓语动词不定式（不定式（to do)V-ingV-edas a nounas adj.or adv.现在分词现在分词动名词动名词过去分词过去分词非谓语动词非谓语动词 的分类的分类主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补动动名名词词不不定定式式分分词词非谓语动词的语法功能非谓语动词的语法功能 非谓语动词的非谓语动词的 七大经典原则七大经典原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则一：用作目的状语，原则二：用作伴随状语，原则二：用作伴随状语，原则三：用作结果状语，原则三：用作结果状语，原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则
2、六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作 之前时，之前时，原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式原则一：用作目的状语，原则上用不定式.原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上用-inging.原则三：用作结果状语，可用原则三：用作结果状语，可用-inging/to do,/to do,原则区别是：原则区别是：-inging 表示一定逻辑的结果，表示一定逻辑的结果，to do to do 表示非逻辑的结果。表示非逻辑的结果。原则四原则四:凡是有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。凡是有被动意义时，原则上要
3、用过去分词。如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；如果动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动形式；如果动作正在进行，则用如果动作正在进行，则用-inging的被动形式。的被动形式。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，原则上其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。主句主语保持一致。原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，原则上要用完成式（要用完成式（-inging 的完成式或不定式的完成式）的完成式或不定式的完成式）原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作原则七：用于名词后作定语，原则是：不定式表示动作尚未发生；尚未
4、发生；-inging表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。成，被动。1.分析句子结构分析句子结构 确定用非谓语动词确定用非谓语动词确定（逻辑主语确定（逻辑主语&语态）语态）2.判断非谓语动词在句中的成分和作用判断非谓语动词在句中的成分和作用3.判断时态判断时态确定恰当的非谓语动词形式确定恰当的非谓语动词形式 例例1 I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed a man 18 (sit)at the front.（2011广东卷）广东卷）例例2 He spit
5、it out,_37_(say)it was awful.（2010广东卷）广东卷）v若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是是非谓语动词非谓语动词。sittingsayingThe fact that so many people still smoke in public places _ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.A.suggest B.suggests C.suggested D.sugges
6、tingB例例31.If you _to the left,youll find the post office.2._to the left,and youll find the post office.3.to the left,youll find the post office.TurningTurnturn turn充当句充当句子成分子成分状语状语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语宾补宾补逻辑主语逻辑主语主句中的主语主句中的主语所修饰的词所修饰的词句子的宾语句子的宾语（1）_ from the top of the hill,our house looks like a car.（2）_ th
7、e dog come over,our friend ran away.（3）_ from the top of a hill,and youll find the city more beautiful.（4）_ more clearly,they came up and got close to it.To seeSeen SeeingSeesee 1.When _different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the similarities.2._ with other
8、 top students,you are paringCompared(compare)compare A with B（1）The question _now at the meeting is very important.（2）The question _ at the meeting last week is very important.（3）The question _ at the meeting next week is very important.being discusseddiscussedto be discusseddiscuss1._many times,but
9、 he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Told C.He was told D.To be told CA 状态状态时间时间主动主动被动被动非谓语动词先非谓语动词先发生（已完成）发生（已完成）同时发生（在同时发生（在进行）进行）未发生（将来）未发生（将来）having donedone/having been donedoingbeing doneto doto be done172.He was considered the first
10、 man _(invent)the telephone.1.He is the best one _(do)the job.to have invented to do动词不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作而发生动词不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作而发生用用to have doneto have done再比较再比较注：受注：受 the first，the second.the last 修饰修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。1.I havent decided which hotel_.（stay)作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词，作定语的不定式是一个不
11、及物动词，注意不可忽略不定式短语中的介词。注意不可忽略不定式短语中的介词。to stay at其他常见的用法其他常见的用法2.There are five pairs _,but Im at a loss which to buy.A.to be chosenB.to choose from C.to chooseD.for choosingB2.of playing football,he went back to the classroom.3.with difficulty,he rushed forward bravely.1.in thought,he almost ran into
12、 the car in front of him.LostTiredFaced(face)（tire）（lose）有些过去分词源于系表结构，分有些过去分词源于系表结构，分词已经形容词化，相当于形容词词已经形容词化，相当于形容词be lost in;be interested in;be tired of;be satisfied with;be excited about;be faced with;be dressed in ；be seated 1.He hurried to the booking office，only _(tell)that all the tickets had b
13、een sold out.to do表示结果表示结果表示出人预料的情况或结果，表示出人预料的情况或结果，常用常用only强调。强调。分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的结果分词表示结果包含着一种必然发生的结果。2.European football is played in 80 countries,_(make)it the most popular sport in the world.to be told making 1.Dont leave the water _(run)while you brush your teeth.2.Paul doesnt have to be made （
14、learn）.He always works hard.3.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _(interest)in his lectures.running interested to learn 非谓语动词考点非谓语动词考点语篇填空综合应用综合应用语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空 Freud was one of the first scientists 1 (make)serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection
15、 of activities 2 (base)in the brain that involve how we act,think,feel and reason.He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3 (search)for the causes of mental and emotional problems.He also tried hypnosis (催眠).He wanted to see if 4 (put)patients into a sleep-like condition would help
16、ease 5 (trouble)minds.In many cases he found the effects only temporary.Freud worked hard,although what he did might sound easy.His method involved 6 (sit)with his patients and 7(listen)to them talk.He had them 8 (talk)about whatever they were thinking.All ideas,thoughts and anything that entered th
17、eir mind had to 9 (express).There could be no 10 (hold)back because of fear or guilt.语篇填空语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空。Freud was one of the first scientists 1_（make）serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activities 2_（base）in the brain that involve how we act,think,feel and reas
18、on.to make based 弗洛伊德弗洛伊德(1856-1939；奥地利神经学家、精神病；奥地利神经学家、精神病医学家、精神分析的创始人医学家、精神分析的创始人)He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3_（search）for the causes of mental and emotional problems.He also tried hypnosis.He wanted to see if 4_（put）patients into a sleep-like condition would help eas
19、e 5_（trouble）minds.In most cases he found the effects only temporary.to search putting troubled Freud worked hard,although what he did might sound easy.His method involved 6_(sit)with his patients and 7_（listen）to them talk.He had them 8_（talk）about whatever they were thinking.All ideas,thoughts and
20、 anything that entered their mind had to 9_（express）.There could be no10_（hold）back because of fear or guilt.sitting listening talk be expressed holding 1.分析句子结构分析句子结构 确定用非谓语动词确定用非谓语动词确定（逻辑主语确定（逻辑主语&语态）语态）2.判断非谓语动词在句中的成分和作用判断非谓语动词在句中的成分和作用3.判断时态判断时态确定恰当的非谓语动词形式确定恰当的非谓语动词形式Homework金榜学案P47 配套作业goodbye
