1、专题十一构词法,考向分析构词法包括合成法、派生法、转化法、缩写和简写,名列高考大纲的语法项目表之中,其中合成法和派生法是重点,特别是派生法,是每年高考的高频考点之一,例如,形容词的副词形式、动词的名词形式、名词的形容词形式等。,考点清单一、合成法单句改错1.(2017课标全国)But unlike her school friends, 16-years-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting. 16-years-old16-year-old 答案16-years-old16-year-old在带有连字符的复合形容词中,名词应用单数形式,故16-
2、years-old改为16-year-old。,语境运用,2.(2016课标全国)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-months-old twin that had been rejected by its mother.three-months-oldthree-month-old答案three-months-oldthree-month-old复合形容词three-months-old使用错误,名词应用单数形式。3.Stephen Francis observed eighteen-years-old Shelly Ann at a tra
3、ck meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness. eighteen-years-oldeighteen-year-old 答案eighteen-years-oldeighteen-year-old在题干中,eighteen-years-old错误,中间的名词years应用单数形式。,合成法是两个或两个以上的词按一定的规则合成一个新词的方法。这样的词被称为合成词。1.合成形容词,用法精讲,2.合成名词,3.其他形式的合成词,二、派生法(一)形容词转换为副词单句填空1.(2017课标全国)Ste
4、am engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.答案fairly空格处在句中作状语,修饰形容词unpleasant,故填提示词的副词形式。,语境运用,2.Dr. Barone was my doctor when I was a kid, and even though I was proba-bly (probable) just another patient t
5、o her, to me she was more than just my doctor.答案probably空格处在句中作状语,故空格处填副词probably。3.(2015广东) Luckily (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk ev-ery day.答案Luckily空格处作状语,用于修饰整个句子,故空格处填提示词的副词形式。单句改错4.(2016课标全国)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.steadysteadily 答案steadysteadily句尾
6、的词在句中作状语,用于修饰动词,故steady改为steadily。,1.派生法是在词根上添加后缀或前缀来变成新单词的方法,这样构成的单词被称为派生词。添加后缀往往改变词性,而添加前缀往往改变词义。2.形容词转换为副词的常用后缀:,用法精讲,温馨提示1.注意以下形容词变副词的拼写wholewholly 完全地shyshyly害羞地drydryly干燥地goodwell 好地2.注意以-ly结尾的形容词friendly友好的lovely 可爱的lively生动的lonely 孤独的deadly致命的monthly每月的yearly每年的daily每日的weekly每周的,(二)形容词转换为名词单
7、句填空1.In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings ad-mirable is their ability (able)to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.答案ability结合空前的形容词性物主代词their可知,空格处应填名词ability。2.The line has a length (long) of 174 km as a double tracked passenger dedicated line, wi
8、th ten stations situated along its route.答案length根据空前的冠词可知,空格处应该填提示词的名词形式。,语境运用,3.(2017河北衡水中学高三小二调)Now there is a resurgence (复苏) in its popularity (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it.答案popularity根据空前的形容词性物主代词its可知,空格处填名词popularity。4.(2017黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中高三月考)Only in this w
9、ay can we enjoy the pleasure and convenience (convenient) of online shopping without the concern of being cheated.答案convenience空格处在句中作宾语,结合空前的pleasure可知,空格处填名词convenience。,形容词变名词的常用后缀:,用法精讲,(三)动词转换为名词单句填空1.(2017课标全国)She is determined to carry on with her education (educate).答案education空格处在句中作宾语,结合空前
10、的定语her可知,空格处应填写提示词的名词形式。2.(2017课标全国)This development was only possible with the introduction (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.答案introduction根据空前的定冠词the和空后的介词of可知,空格处应该填名词introduction。,语境运用,3.Magically, that show remains the Great Jasons best performance (perform) to this day.答案perfo
11、rmance根据空前的定语best可知,空格处应该填写名词performance。4.(2016课标全国)Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of achievement (achieve).答案achievement根据空前的of和语境可知,此处为常用短语“a sense of achievement”,意为“成就感”,故空格处填提示词的名词形式。,动词变名词的常用后缀:,用法精讲,(四)动词转换为形容词单句填空1.(2017课标全国)However, be careful (care)
12、 not to go to extremes.答案careful空格处作表语,结合空后的不定式可知,空格处填形容词。故填careful。2.I gave him a quick hug and went back into the seating area, leaving him with a surprised (surprise) smile.答案 surprised 空格处在句中作名词smile的定语,结合语境可知,空格处填surprised。,语境运用,3.While there are amazing (amaze) stories of instant transformatio
13、n, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.答案amazing空格处在句中作定语,用于修饰名词stories,故填amaz-ing。,1.动词转换为形容词的常用后缀:2.分词形容词化:annoy,disappoint,frighten,terrify,worry等使役性动词的现在分词和过去分词可作为形容词使用。现在分词构成的形容词常用于物,过去分词构成的形容词常用于人,而修饰与人有关的表情、眼神、声音等时,常用过
14、去分词构成的形容词。,用法精讲,(五)名词转换为形容词单句填空1.(2017课标全国)The Central London Railway was one of the most successful (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.答案successful根据空前的the most和语境可知,此处为形容词最高级,故填提示词的形容词形式。,语境运用,2.(2015课标全国)As natural (nature)architects, the Pueblo Indians fig-ured out exactly how
15、thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.答案natural空格处在句中作定语,修饰名词architects,由此结合语境可知,空格处填形容词natural。,本文档仅为全套资料之一，欢迎点击下方按钮链接，下载全套资料！,请点此到下载本文全套资料,单句改错3.(2017课标全国)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music alb
16、ums. differencedifferent 答案differencedifferent根据后面的kinds of和语境可知,此处应用形容词作定语,故difference改为different。,名词转换为形容词的常用后缀:,用法精讲,三、转化法转换法指的是单词在词形不变的情况下,由一种词性直接转换为另外一种词性的方法。,用法精讲,四、缩写和简写缩写和简写指的是通过缩写或简写的形式来构成单词的方法。这一方法通常被称为缩略法;另外,通过这一方法所构成的单词特点是读音和拼写发生了变化,但是词义和词性均保持不变。,用法精讲,技巧点拨1.空格处在句中作主语、宾语或表语要考虑名词形式;2.空格处被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词所修饰要考虑名词形式;3.空格处作定语、表语、主语补足语或宾语补足语,要用形容词形式;4.空格处在句中作状语,要想到用副词形式。5.对于短文改错试题,需要结合常用词类的用法进行推敲,确定形容词和副词之间的混用、名词与形容词之间的混用等,然后再依据构词法改正。,
