1、-The Rhine-from an Open Sewer to a Living Riverhow to develop a river basin management plan at river Rhine level-International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine莱茵河的治理莱茵河的治理从露天下水道从露天下水道 到到 生命之河生命之河The Rhine,a European riverThe Rhine,a European Mean annual discharge(D/NL):Mean annual discharg
2、e(D/NL):2.200 m/s2.200 m/sHQHQlowlow:1000 :1000 m/sm/sHQHQextremextrem:env.10.000 :env.10.000 m/sm/slength:length:1233 km 1233 kmnavigable:navigable:825 km 825 km(Basle-Rotterdam)(Basle-Rotterdam)Drinking water:Drinking water:est.30 est.30 millionsmillionsof consumersof consumersinhabitants:inhabita
3、nts:58 millions58 millions4The Rhine river basinThe Rhine river basin9 states9 states Italy Italy Austria Austria Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Switzerland Switzerland France France Germany Germany Belgium Belgium Luxembourg Luxembourg Netherlands Netherlands196 years of riperian cooperation atthe Ger
4、man-Luxembourg border(treaty of 16.6.1816):3 shared rivers in a condominiumtwo autorities Germany and LuxembourgChanges during the centuriesChanges during the centuries183818381872187219801980ICPREstablished 1950,amended in 1963 and 1999MembersSwitzerland,France,Germany,Luxembourg,Netherlands,Europe
5、an CommunityObserversCountries Austria Liechtenstein Belgium/WalloniaIntergovernmental Organizations(IGOs)Non-Governmental Organizations(NGOs)International Rhine Commission International Rhine Commission Rules of cooperationRules of cooperation De-centralised organization National delegations politi
6、cal mandate technical know how funds Consensus Decisions are recommendations Obligation to report on the implementation of measures Political trust,no sanctions Neutral Secretariat Regular budget-Regular budget(1.000.000/a)-80%salaries(Secretariat)-Rent,publications,computers,communicationRhine Conv
7、entionRules of procedure and financial regulationsWhat makes the ICPR effective?What makes the ICPR effective?Organisational Structure Organisational Structure 1950-Foundation1950-Foundation1963-Treaty of Berne1963-Treaty of Berne1972-1st Rhine Ministers Conference1972-1st Rhine Ministers Conference
8、 1986-Accident at Sandoz(Basle,CH)1987-Rhine Action ProgramLandmarksLandmarks1993 and 1995-Flooding1999-New Convention2000-Programme Rhine 20202000-EU Water Framework DirectiveManagement by disaster(1)Management by disaster(1)1986:Fire at Sandoz,CH1986:Fire at Sandoz,CHcausing the death of all causi
9、ng the death of all aquatic life downstream aquatic life downstream(e.g.eels on 400 km)(e.g.eels on 400 km)10-30 tons of highly toxic 10-30 tons of highly toxic pesticides flowed into the pesticides flowed into the riverriverMain results Water quality has considerably improved Accidents have been co
10、nsiderably reduced The Rhine fauna has recovered Duration:1987 2000 The SalmonSalmon as symbol Reduction of discharges with 50-70%in the period till 1995Rhine Action Programme(1987)Rhine Action Programme(1987)Main elementsManagement by disaster(2)Management by disaster(2)-Dec.1993 and-Dec.1993 and-J
11、an./Feb.1995:-Jan./Feb.1995:Major flooding in Germany Major flooding in Germany and the Netherlandsand the Netherlands1995:200.000 people evacuated1995:200.000 people evacuatedEcosystem improvement Flood preventionWater quality improvementGroundwater protectionProgram on the sustainable development
12、of the RhineDurationDuration2000-2020Programme -Rhine 2020Programme -Rhine 2020ObjectivesObjectivesRestoration of mainstream as backbone of the Rhine systemImprovement of habitat for flora and faunaExamples of MeasuresExamples of MeasuresPermit natural floodingEnhance extensive agricultural use of a
13、lluvial areasPreserve the freely flowing sections of the RhineRhine 2020:Ecosystem improvementRhine 2020:Ecosystem improvementMeasures(expl.)Increase water retention by reactivating inundation areasMaintain and strengthen dikesDraft flood risk maps(illustrative e.g.,for spatial planners)Objectives10
14、%reduction of damage risks and 25%reduction by 2020Increase flood awarenessImprove flood warning systemsRhine 2020:Flood preventionRhine 2020:Flood preventionResults(1)Results(1)Reduction of point source inputs betweenReduction of point source inputs between1985 2000:60 substances1985 2000:60 substa
15、nces30-49%50-69%70-100%No dischargesTotal nitrogenHCHammoniumdioxins2-chloro-tolueneTotal phosphorousatrazin4-chloro-tolueneleaddichlorvosTrichloro-benzenescadmiumDDT1,1,1 tri-chloro-ethanechromiumsimazinemercurytrifluralineResults(2)Results(2)THANK YOUSUCCESS2023-1-2619可编辑Annual loads of substances
16、 at the german-dutch borderAnnual loads of substances at the german-dutch border Unit198519952000Ammonium nitrogent/y37.00014.000 6.800Total phosphoroust/y32.00017.00013.000Atrazinekg/y10.000 6.900 1.200Cadmiumkg/y 9.000 9.700 5.100Mercurykg/y 6.000 3.500 1.600Results(3)Results(3)Results(4)Results(4
17、)Results(5)Results(5)Reduction of damage risks:Reduction of damage risks:and depending specific situation!Reduction of water levels(up to 30 cm)Reduction of water levels(up to 30 cm)at Oberrhein,less at other stretches Flood risk maps Flood risk maps for the main stream and partly for tributaries,e.
18、g.,Moselle/Saar Flood forecasting Flood forecasting 100%increase of forecasting period (be it with loss of reliability)Flood prevention,progress report 2006Flood prevention,progress report 2006Salmons returning to the RhineSalmons returning to the Rhine But still a lot to do.But still a lot to do.Bu
19、t still a lot to do.But still a lot to do.25National and regional states:competent authorities for watermanagementEU members(7):Italy,Austria,France,Germany,Luxembourg,Belgium,NetherlandsOthers(2):Liechtenstein,Switzerland(Germany=8 German states)WFD,levels A&B for RBMPWFD,levels A&B for RBMP9 inter
20、national working areas:Crossing borders countries and/or(german)statesThe Moselle/Saar sub-basinThe Moselle/Saar sub-basin1.1.Respect for responsibility of member states Respect for responsibility of member states towards European Commissiontowards European Commission2.2.Coordination of water manage
21、ment issues at the Coordination of water management issues at the appropriate levelappropriate levelriver basinworking area(e.g.Moselle/Sarre)national/state3.3.CarefulCareful selection of the appropriate level in selection of the appropriate level in advance;special attention for upstream advance;sp
22、ecial attention for upstream downstream relationsdownstream relationsWFD coordination in Rhine river basin districtWFD coordination in Rhine river basin districtWFD coordination in Rhine river basin districtWFD coordination in Rhine river basin districtPart BPart AIssues forwhole Rhine districtissue
23、sworking areasissuesworking areasIssues for member states or states Sub RBMPs for national or state level-if applicable-Reporting toECRBMP Rhine river basin districtCoordination1.1.River continuity and development of habitatsRiver continuity and development of habitats2.2.Reduction of diffuse pollut
24、ion Reduction of diffuse pollution 3.3.Further reduction of point sources of pollutionFurther reduction of point sources of pollution4.4.Better matching various functions of rivers Better matching various functions of rivers(shipping,ecology,drinkingwatersuppy,flood(shipping,ecology,drinkingwatersup
25、py,flood protection,etc)protection,etc)Issues to be coordinated at A-levelIssues to be coordinated at A-level1.1.River continuity and development River continuity and development of habitatsof habitats2.2.Reduction of diffuse pollution Reduction of diffuse pollution 3.3.Further reduction of point so
26、urces Further reduction of point sources of pollutionof pollution4.4.Better matching various functions Better matching various functions of rivers(shipping,ecology,of rivers(shipping,ecology,drinking water supply,flood drinking water supply,flood protection,etc)protection,etc)Result at A-level:inter
27、national RBMP RhineResult at A-level:international RBMP Rhine1.Masterplan for long-distance migrating fish species(salmon,eel etc)in whole river basin2.Main elements of masterplan in international river basin management plan(A-level)3.Agreement on measures in most nations/states.Implementation is EU
28、-obligation RBMP at A-level:River continuityRBMP at A-level:River continuity1.Agreement on reduction of nutrients to protect lakes and coastal waters2.20%reduction expected from ongoing measures,monitoring and studies to see if more is needed.3.New Environmental Quality Standards derived(Directive 2
29、008/105/CE and Rhine substances)4.Not implemented in all countries5.Pesticides difficult:much depend on EU policyRBMP at A-level:diffuse pollution reductionRBMP at A-level:diffuse pollution reduction1.traditional substances no major problems(high level of wastewater treatment);2.New substances(emerg
30、ing pollutants)become a problem(e.g.human and veterinary medicines and related products)3.International working group active combining data from all countries(PG MIKRO)4.Measures in next River Basin Management plans(2015 and 2021)RBMP at A-level:reduction of point sourcesRBMP at A-level:reduction of
31、 point sourcesOngoing process,not many concrete results yetworkshops addressing conflicts with all stakeholdersHydro-power and river continuityFlood protection and habitat developmentNavigation and more natural embankmentsRBMP at A-level:matching functionsRBMP at A-level:matching functionsHomepage:www.iksr.orgwww.waasser.luThank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!THANK YOUSUCCESS2023-1-2636可编辑
