1、第四讲 名词性从句,01,02,03,针对训练,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：,1连接词： that，whether，if (不充当从句的任何成分)2连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whomever，whose，which，whichever3连接副词：when，where，how，why,名词性从句的种类,1主语从句,在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。,That you didnt know the rules wont be an excuse for y
2、our failure.你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。Whether we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China.我们是否应该帮忙扶起一个摔倒的老人在中国仍然是一个热门话题。When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.那架延误的班机什么时候起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。,1主语从句,名师指津有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一
3、般用单数形式。常用句型如下：(1)Itbe 名词that从句(2)Itbe 形容词that从句(3)Itbe动词的过去分词that从句(4)It不及物动词that 从句,It is clear that the two countries can reach an agreement at the conference.很显然两国能够在会议上达成协议。It is wellknown that the Chinese government has spared no effort to protect people from fake food.众所周知，中国政府已不遗余力地保护人们免受假冒食品
4、的毒害。,2宾语从句,在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句，位于及物动词(短语)、介词或形容词之后。,We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。,2宾语从句,名
5、师指津在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。,He has made it clear that he will not give in.他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。,3表语从句,在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if，because等引导。其基本结构为：主语系动词从句。,The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is why he didnt come to the m
6、eeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。,3表语从句,名师指津当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。,The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.他迟到的原因是，今天早晨他晚了一分钟而错过了火车。,4同位语从句,同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，也可由其他连接代词或连接副词引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有：advice，d
7、emand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等。,The news that we won the game excited all of us.我们赢得这场比赛的消息让我们每个人都很激动。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回家。,4同位语从句,名师指津同位语从句和定语从句的区别： (1)意义不同：同位语从句是跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名
8、词的具体内容作进一步解释说明；而定语从句在复合句中作定语，对前面名词进行修饰、限制。(2)连接词用法不同：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，只起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较：,4同位语从句,I had no idea that you were here. (that引导同位语从句，不能省略),Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略),
9、名词性从句主要引导词的用法归纳,1that引导的名词性从句,It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.显而易见学生应该对未来做好充分准备。(主语从句，it作形式主语)Experts believe (that) people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.专家认为可以通过只有必须时才购物这一方法减少食物的浪费。(宾语从句)My decision is that all of us are
10、to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。(表语从句)I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school，would be different.我给自己做出承诺：今年，我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。(同位语从句),连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可以省略。,2whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别,Whether the m
11、eeting will be put off has not been decided yet.是否会议被推迟还没有决定。The trouble is whether he can come on time.麻烦是他是否能按时来。,2whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别,It all depends on whether he will recover.这完全取决于他是否康复。,(1)作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。,I dont know whether he will take part in the meeting or not.我不知道他是否参加会议。,(2)后面直接跟o
12、r not时用whether。,3连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引导的名词性从句,What impressed me most was the beauty of the city.给我印象最深刻的是这座城市的美。,3连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引导的名词性从句,What he told us made us surprised.The news that he told us made us surprised.That he got the first plac
13、e made us surprised.,3连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which等引导的名词性从句,His father doesnt care about which university he will go to.他父亲不在乎他上哪一所大学。Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。You can choose whatever you like in the supermarket.在这家超市，你可以选择你喜欢的任何东西
14、。,4连接副词when，where，why，how引导的名词性从句,It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.我不知道怎样才能到火车站。Thats why I want you to work there.那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。,这几个连接词不但起连接作用，也在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式。,. 单句语法填空,1She asked me _ I had returned the b
15、ooks to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.(2017天津卷)2Every year， _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017北京卷)3Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _ she was heading.(2017北京卷)4We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is d
16、own to $20，half of _ it used to charge.(2017江苏卷)5Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.(2016北京卷),whether,whoever,where,what,Whatever,. 用适当的连词填空,6As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
17、(2015全国卷)7His success was due to the fact _ he had been working hard.8 _ worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.9Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.10Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.,how,that,It,that,what,. 用适当的连词填空,11She has rece
18、ived an offer from Berkeley，but I dont know _ she will accept it.12The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.13They would have fixed the telephone yesterday except _ it was a holiday.14In my opinion， _ matters is whether we can win together as a team instead of individuals.15 _ the flight to New York
19、 will be delayed is what Im especially worried about.,whether/if,whatever,that,what,Whether,. 单句改错,1My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.(2016全国卷) 2The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. 3I have no idea if or not he has finished the work.4Because the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.5The reason why I didnt go to Sh
