1、第三章英译汉的层次句子的翻译2三大从句的翻译方法 名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句3 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的事，就值得把它做好。Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.一种生物究竟是植物还是动物，有时候会使生物学家颇伤脑筋。4 遇到以it做形式主语而将真正的主语置后的句型，翻译时可采用分译、合译或插译的方法。It can be seen that precleaning alo
2、ne would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to level anywhere near the standards.可以看出，这4种煤的总含硫量仅靠预洗是不能降低到接近标准规定的水平的。5 It doesnt matter whether we start now or later.我们现在开始还是以后开始都没有关系。It happened that I had bought the book.我碰巧买了这本书。6 I dont remember whether I cried at that moment,b
3、ut my sister did.译文一当时我究竟哭没哭，我不记得了。但我妹妹的确哭译文一当时我究竟哭没哭，我不记得了。但我妹妹的确哭了。了。译文二我不记得当时我究竟哭没哭，但我妹妹的确哭了。译文二我不记得当时我究竟哭没哭，但我妹妹的确哭了。Your assumption,that things will improve,is unfounded.译文一你的设想，认为事情都会改进，是没有根据的。译文一你的设想，认为事情都会改进，是没有根据的。译文二你认为事情都会改进的设想是没有根据的。译文二你认为事情都会改进的设想是没有根据的。He is not who he was thought to b
4、e.他不是人们过去所想的那种人。他不是人们过去所想的那种人。789 10 Try to translate:11粗野的，粗野的，无礼的无礼的急急捉住急急捉住蛤蟆蛤蟆连续地轻咬连续地轻咬12 Try to translate:天文学的天文学的积极性；积极性；进取心进取心13继续继续14 15 Try to translate:余额余额If punished,they will not cooperate.He is wisest who is honest.B:Im on jury duty.For example,a1)英语长句的分析邓拉维与同事每天就要处理100多封请柬,邀请夫人参加从生日宴
5、会以至婴儿洗礼之类的庆典.He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.这种感染力通常以非常宏伟的写实手法表现出来。译文周密的调查已经表明多达50%的病人没有按照医嘱服药。据她透露,克林顿夫人每周大约收到5000多封来信.facts conclusion由事实到结论Gold never needs to beAs she turned the corner a new idea occurred to her,which made her stop dead.If punished,they will no
6、t cooperate.But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited,and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their“expectation of life”,the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save u
7、p some money to go traveling.关联词和词语重复、指代替换They tried to stamp out the revolt,which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.译文他觉得很热，把上衣脱掉了。earlier actions later actions 由先到后16was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。1
8、7 Try to translate:拼命的；拼命的；非常的非常的18可靠的；可靠的；有根据的有根据的19镇压；镇压；消灭消灭叛乱叛乱20神的；神的；神圣的神圣的礼拜礼拜21状语从句状语从句 状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等各种从状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等各种从句，位置灵活，放在主句的前面、后面或中间都可以。句，位置灵活，放在主句的前面、后面或中间都可以。（1）时间状语从句）时间状语从句 When you apply for a job,you must present your resume.译文当你应聘一份工作时，必须提交简历。译文当你应聘一份工作时，必须
9、提交简历。Michael used to look hurt and surprised when scolded.译文麦克尔过去受到责难时，看起来又伤心又惊讶。译文麦克尔过去受到责难时，看起来又伤心又惊讶。22 As soon as I have finished it,Ill give you a call.译文我一做完就给你电话。（一就）Until you told me,I had heard nothing of what happened.译文一直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。（直到才）23（2）原因状语从句）原因状语从句He threw off his coat becaus
10、e he felt hot.译文他觉得很热，把上衣脱掉了。译文他觉得很热，把上衣脱掉了。I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day,as it always reminds me of my university days in London.译文我把那幅画像摆在每天能看得见的地方，因译文我把那幅画像摆在每天能看得见的地方，因为它总是让我想起在伦敦上大学的那些日子。为它总是让我想起在伦敦上大学的那些日子。24（3）条件状语从句）条件状语从句You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the mee
11、ting provided you dont mind taking the night train.译文如果你不介意坐夜车的话，你可以早一点到北京去译文如果你不介意坐夜车的话，你可以早一点到北京去参加那次会议。参加那次会议。If I were you,I would not go.译文我要是你我就不去。译文我要是你我就不去。If punished,they will not cooperate.译文他们如果受到损害，将不予合作。译文他们如果受到损害，将不予合作。25（4）让步状语从句）让步状语从句 Ive already told you that Im going to buy it,ho
12、wever much it costs.译文已经告诉过你了，不管花多少钱，我都打算译文已经告诉过你了，不管花多少钱，我都打算买它。买它。Even if the calculation is right,scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.译文即使计算是正确的，科学家们也无法肯定他译文即使计算是正确的，科学家们也无法肯定他们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并精确地模拟了们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并精确地模拟了它们。它们。26（5）目的状语从句）目的
13、状语从句 I was advised to arrange for insurance in case I needed medical treatment.译文有人劝我投保，以防治病之需。译文有人劝我投保，以防治病之需。I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to go traveling.译文我在找一份临时工作，以便积攒些钱去旅游。译文我在找一份临时工作，以便积攒些钱去旅游。27（6）其他状语从句）其他状语从句 They usually have less money at the end o
14、f the month than they have at the beginning.译文通常到了月底，他们的钱就比月初少了。译文通常到了月底，他们的钱就比月初少了。In the course of a day,students do far more than just attend classes.译文在一天的学习生活中，学生所做的远不止听课。译文在一天的学习生活中，学生所做的远不止听课。Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs as directed.译
15、文周密的调查已经表明多达译文周密的调查已经表明多达50%的病人没有按照医嘱的病人没有按照医嘱服药。服药。28 Translating long English sentences involves not only a mixed application of various techniques but also a careful analysis of their grammatical structures and logical sequences.That is to say,on the one hand,to achieve accurate comprehension a t
16、ranslator should take pains to decode the logical sequence of a long sentence in addition to its grammatical relation.on the other,to achieve appropriate reproduction a translator should make no less efforts to rearrange various parts according to the Chinese way of thinking than to apply translatio
17、n techniques.可是现在人们意识到,其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的,人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”,也就是说,经过若干年后,这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。The daffodils which challenge so proudly and splendidly the boisterous March winds are soon shriveled and defeated,limply wrinkling to remind us of the inevitable ravages of time.实现语篇连贯的手段(3)分析从句和短语的
18、功能,例如,是否为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句等,若是状语,它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。A:Can you drive?The sun,which had hidden all day,now came out in all its splendor.A:我们去散步好吗？They remarked now he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend divine worship.司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起,最普遍
19、的是跟氧结合;因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力,由于这个原因,在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。As soon as I have finished it,Ill give you a call.Gold,a precious metal,is prized for two important A:Im rather short of cash at the moment!polished and will remain beautiful forever.他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is
20、 sweet.段 落 的 翻 译对于现代科技书籍,特别是教科书来说,要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话,那么就应该每隔较短的时间,将书中的内容重新修改。他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。He insisted on buying another house,which he had no use forHe is wisest who is honest.291.Features of Long English SentencesThe basic structures of long English sentences are
21、as follows:S+V,S+V+P,S+V+O,S+V+o+O,and S+V+O+C as mainstays,with words,phrases,or clauses as members of sentences,then join,directly or indirectly,various kinds of nexuses composed of words,phrases,or clauses as modifiers,to the mainstays of the basic structures.302.Features of Chinese Equivalents t
22、o Long English SentencesWe Chinese like to build our sentences in chronological order(流水纪事法流水纪事法).In other words,we usually arrange our ideas according to temporal or logical sequences:earlier actions later actions 由先到后由先到后specific general 由具体到一般由具体到一般cause effect 由因到果由因到果phenomena nature 由现象到本质由现象到
23、本质condition(concession)facts 由条件（让步）到由条件（让步）到事实事实facts conclusion由事实到结论由事实到结论31 3.Common Ways to Translate Long Sentences(长长句的常用译法句的常用译法)The following are the major steps to translate a long sentences:Step 1 Find out the basic pattern(查明基本句查明基本句型型)SV,SVP,SVO,SVoO,SVOC?Step 2 Find out the subordinati
24、on(查明从属结查明从属结构构)modifier or the modified?Step 3 Find out the meanings of words(查明词查明词义义)meaning in a given context?32 Step 4 Find out the grammatical relations(查明语法关系)tense,aspect,voice,mood,etc.?Step 5 Find out the focus,temporal or logical sequences(查明重心，时间或逻辑顺序)Step 6 (Re)arrange various parts ac
25、cording to Chinese ways of thinking and modes of expression(按照中国人的思维方式和表达习惯，安排或调整语序)Step 7 Revise,modify and polish the draft(修订、润饰初稿)33 34 35 Try to translate:例例1.Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for a
26、ppropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.译文行为主义者的看法是如果一个儿童译文行为主义者的看法是如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中成长，而这些刺激物又在有许多刺激物的环境中成长，而这些刺激物又能够发展其适应反应能力的话，那么这个儿童在能够发展其适应反应能力的话，那么这个儿童在智力方面将会得到更大的发展。智力方面将会得到更大的发展。刺激物；刺激物；激励激励36373839,用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案用来找到很不相同的各种问题的答案,从从“铁生锈铁生锈,是是否必须有一定的湿度才行否必须有一定的
27、湿度才行?”到到“哪种豆类一季的产量哪种豆类一季的产量最高最高?”He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.“主题句-阐述句-总结大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力,这简直令人难以置信。译文在一天的学习生活中，学生所做的远不止听课。Gold never needs to beAs soon as I have finished it,Ill give you a call.譬如,对于一个四口之家来说,舒舒服服地在家中看电视,就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目,这比到外面别的地方去消遣又便宜又方便。他那富有感
28、染力的笑声打破了沉寂。译文周密的调查已经表明多达50%的病人没有按照医嘱服药。主语从句和后面的成分都不长 顺序法I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to go traveling.All they have to do is press a button,and they can see plays,films,operas,and shows of every kind,not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting
29、football match.（三）译成表示“条件”的分句B:不好意思，我要去看我姐姐。采用的方法:He is wisest who is honest.B:不好意思，我要去看我姐姐。I was advised to arrange for insurance in case I needed medical treatment.4041424344 Translate:4546474849 5051525354 55conclusion,gold is treasured not only for its beauty,butalso for its utility.有光泽的；有光泽的；灿烂
30、的灿烂的5657 58 2 段落翻译段落翻译It may be that I am a pessimist,for spring it is,not autumn,that makes me sad.Spring has always rightly been identified with youth,and the sorrows of youth are poignant and bitter.The daffodils which challenge so proudly and splendidly the boisterous March winds are soon shrive
31、led and defeated,limply wrinkling to remind us of the inevitable ravages of time.The world is urgent with bursting life,with the wild exciting beauty of youth,but it is an impetuous beauty of scenes racing impatiently in to the florid and surfeited luxury of summer.Here is no comfort and fulfillment
32、,only passionate creation of transitory delight.（Ona Low,My Favourite Season.）我也许是一个悲观主义者，因为使我伤感的季节，是春天而非秋天。人们总我也许是一个悲观主义者，因为使我伤感的季节，是春天而非秋天。人们总是把青春比作春天，这自然无可厚非，但青春逝去的哀伤却是苦不堪言的。是把青春比作春天，这自然无可厚非，但青春逝去的哀伤却是苦不堪言的。那笑傲三月狂风的水仙花，很快枯萎一片，花残叶败，紧锁的愁眉向人们诉那笑傲三月狂风的水仙花，很快枯萎一片，花残叶败，紧锁的愁眉向人们诉说着天道的无情。蓬勃的生命和狂热激奋的青春美丽催动着春天万物，良辰说着天道的无情。蓬勃的生命和狂热激奋的青春美丽催动着春天万物，良辰美景来去匆匆，转眼又是俗艳奢华的夏天了。春天没有安然自得，没有任何美景来去匆匆，转眼又是俗艳奢华的夏天了。春天没有安然自得，没有任何结果，有的只是激情涌动和转瞬即逝的快乐。结果，有的只是激情涌动和转瞬即逝的快乐。5960 61 62 63 6465 66 67 68 697071
