1、写作点拨系列（四）段落写作之段落的展开【核心点拨【核心点拨】段落的发展技巧较常用的有以下几种：按时间顺序展开、段落的发展技巧较常用的有以下几种：按时间顺序展开、按空间顺序展开、按过程展开、举例等。按空间顺序展开、按过程展开、举例等。1.按时间顺序展开按时间顺序展开 在叙述一个故事或者一系列事件时，通常按事件发生的在叙述一个故事或者一系列事件时，通常按事件发生的先后顺序排列句子。在说明文中叙述做一件事应该遵循的程先后顺序排列句子。在说明文中叙述做一件事应该遵循的程序或步骤时，也常用时间顺序法。序或步骤时，也常用时间顺序法。常用衔接词和短语常用衔接词和短语 首环节首环节:first,at firs
2、t,first of all,in the first place,to begin with等。等。中间环节中间环节:second,secondly,in the second place,next,afterwards,after that,then,later,another,third,thirdly,still another,in addition,besides,furthermore等。等。末环节末环节:lastly,at last,finally,eventually,in the end 等。等。2.按空间顺序展开按空间顺序展开 空间顺序指按物体的空间位置（自左至右，由近到
3、远，空间顺序指按物体的空间位置（自左至右，由近到远，由上至下，由下到上，由里到外，由外到里，由中间到两边由上至下，由下到上，由里到外，由外到里，由中间到两边等顺序）来展开段落。等顺序）来展开段落。常用的衔接词和短语常用的衔接词和短语 be situated/located in/on/at,be surrounded by,next to,to the east/south/west/north of,close to,from.to.,above,over,under,below,between,across,opposite等。等。3.按过程展开按过程展开 描述涉及多个步骤，应该按照过程的
4、发展顺序把这些步描述涉及多个步骤，应该按照过程的发展顺序把这些步骤交代清楚，在这一类文章里常常用祈使句和不定代词骤交代清楚，在这一类文章里常常用祈使句和不定代词“你你”来表达。来表达。描述过程的常用衔接词和短语描述过程的常用衔接词和短语 （1）Firstly.Secondly.Thirdly.Finally.（2）First,Then,Next,After this,Lastly.（3）Afterwards,Furthermore,Moreover,In addition to.4.举例举例 举例法是一种常见的展开段落的方法，它用典型、具体举例法是一种常见的展开段落的方法，它用典型、具体而生动
5、的事例来证明、阐述一个观点，支持主题句，使段落而生动的事例来证明、阐述一个观点，支持主题句，使段落主题句具体化，使文章通俗易懂。但是，段落中必须精选例主题句具体化，使文章通俗易懂。但是，段落中必须精选例子，要做到恰如其分、准确地说明问题。子，要做到恰如其分、准确地说明问题。举例法常用的衔接词举例法常用的衔接词 （1）介词短语：）介词短语：for example,for instance,by way of examples等。等。（2）形容词短语：）形容词短语：such as,such.as.等。等。（3）副词：）副词：as等。等。（4）动词短语：）动词短语：take an example,t
6、ake.for example,draw an example等。等。【对点训练【对点训练】下面有五篇短文，在段落的展开方面各有侧重，请补全句子并下面有五篇短文，在段落的展开方面各有侧重，请补全句子并标明属于哪类情况的展开技巧。标明属于哪类情况的展开技巧。1.I was far too happy that we made an appointment to visit Beijing together _（下周末）（下周末）.How I appreciate the opportunity to be your guide in Beijing!But Im afraid well have
7、 to make it _（下次）（下次）,because Ill be meeting my uncle at the airport.He is on business from Australia,and will be home _（仅有两天）（仅有两天）.Its a rare chance for our family to get reunited since he left home ten years ago.Ihope youll forgive me for not keeping my word.If its convenientnext weekendanother t
8、imefor only two daysfor you,we can make it _（下下个周末）（下下个周末）,or you may make the choice,OK?()2.As a matter of fact,therere many ways for us to deal with our mental problems._（首先）（首先）,we can turn to our teachers for help,including our psychology teacher._（其（其次）次）,communication is of vital importance.Wh
9、en we have a talk or discussion about our problems with our friends or classmates,we can feel greatly relieved._（最后但同样重要（最后但同样重要的）的）,we need to develop a positive attitude towards our studies and our life.Wearing a smile is not only a sign of friendliness butalso a cure for bad feelings.()the weeken
10、d after nextFirst of allSecondLast but not least 3.Australia _（坐落在太（坐落在太平洋的西部）平洋的西部）.It covers an area of 7-6 million square kilometers.It has a small population of over 10 million._（多数人靠海生活在这个国家（多数人靠海生活在这个国家的东部）的东部）.Canberra,the capital of Australia,is a beautiful city.Sydney is one of the biggest
11、cities in Australia.It has many places of interest.The Opera House is famous throughout the world.()lies on the west of the Pacific OceanMost of them live inthe east of the country by the sea 4.Some high school graduates see a year off as a chance to recover after twelve years of required education,
12、but it can also give students a chance to explore their interests.Students hopingto be doctors,_（例如）（例如）,could learn about the profession by volunteering in a hospital.()for example 5.Do you want to live in a beautiful world?So it is our obligation to maintain the ecological balance.To fulfill this
13、task,we should bear the following ecological codes in mind._ _（首先坚持步行去学校的（首先坚持步行去学校的习惯）习惯）,and we should eat at least five kinds of fruits and vegetables a day.Its also important to recycle everything recyclable and cherish our schools environment by picking up any litter and turning off the taps and lights._（让我们现在都采取行动）（让我们现在都采取行动）and contribute to the prosperityof our motherthe earth.()First,stick to the habit of walking to schoolLets all take actionnow答案：答案：1.按时间顺序展开按时间顺序展开 2.按过程展开按过程展开 3.按空间顺序展开按空间顺序展开 4.举例举例 5.按过程展开按过程展开
