1、1it用法总结 1.it 1.it作人称代词作人称代词1.1.it1.1.it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到到 的事物，以避免重复的事物，以避免重复:Ningbo is a beautiful city,isnt it?1.2.1.2.也可以指动物或婴儿也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩未知性别的婴儿或孩子子):):Is this your dog Is this your dog？No,it isnt.No,it isnt.1.3.1.3.也可指抽象事物也可指抽象事物:It was a great surprise to me when he
2、did a thing like that 2it用法总结2.2.非人称代词非人称代词itititit有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等，有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等，称为非人称的称为非人称的itit：2.1.2.1.指天气：指天气：It is a lovely day,isnt it?It is a lovely day,isnt it?It is a bit windy.It is a bit windy.2.2.2.2.指时间指时间:It was nearly midnight when she came back.It was nearly midnigh
3、t when she came back.2.3.2.3.指环境指环境:It was very quiet in the caf.It was very quiet in the caf.2.4.2.4.指距离：指距离：It is half an hours walk to the city It is half an hours walk to the city centre.centre.3it用法总结.引导词引导词itit1.It is+1.It is+被强调部分被强调部分 +that.+that.使用该句型有以下几点请注意：使用该句型有以下几点请注意：强调句的谓语强调句的谓语isis或
4、或waswas永远用单数永远用单数.It was yesterday that I met your It was yesterday that I met your father in the streetfather in the street不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用thatthat连接，不得使用连接，不得使用wherewhere、whenwhen等连词等连词.It was in the street that I met It was in the street that I met your father yesterdayyour father
5、 yesterday4it用法总结被强调部分为人时，可用被强调部分为人时，可用who(who(主格或宾格主格或宾格)和和whom(whom(宾格宾格)代替代替thatthat，用，用thatthat也行。也行。lIt was your father that/whom/who I met in It was your father that/whom/who I met in the street yesterdaythe street yesterday2)It was I that/who met your father in the 2)It was I that/who met you
6、r father in the street yesterdaystreet yesterday强调句中强调句中 也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。的问题。It is they who are our friendsIt is they who are our friendsIt was not until ten oclock that we got It was not until ten oclock that we got home last nighthome last night5it用法总结注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is w
7、asthat为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。比较：1)It was ten oclock when we got home last night我们昨晚到家时已十点了。2)It was at ten oclock that we got home last night我们昨晚是在十点到家的。要点点拔第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉it was和that后，只能组成“We got home ten oclock last night”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when6it用法总结2.It i
8、s not until+2.It is not until+被强调部分被强调部分 +that.that.该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是以说是 not.until.not.until.的强调形式。的强调形式。It was not until she took off her dark It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a glasses that I realized she was a fam
9、ous film star.famous film star.=Not until she took off her dark=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.film star.=I didnt realize she was a famous=I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark f
10、ilm star until she took off her dark glasses.glasses.7it用法总结3.it 3.it 用作形式主语用作形式主语3.1 3.1 代替主语从句代替主语从句1 1）It is+adj.+thatIt is+adj.+that从句从句 It is clear(obviousIt is clear(obvious，truetrue，possible possible certain.)that.“certain.)that.“清楚（显然，真的，肯清楚（显然，真的，肯定）定）”It is very clear that hes round and ta
11、ll It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.like a tree.It is important(necessary.It is important(necessary，rightright，strangestrange，natural.)that.natural.)that.that that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+should+动词原动词原形），形），should should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。It is important
12、that we(should)learn English It is important that we(should)learn English well.well.8it用法总结 2 2）.It is+v-ed+that.It is+v-ed+that 从句从句 It is said(reportedIt is said(reported，learned.)that.learned.)that.据说（据报道，据悉）据说（据报道，据悉）“。It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is said that he has come to Beijing
13、.It is suggested(ordered .It is suggested(ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded.)that./demanded/insisted/commanded.)that.主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，thatthat后的从句要用虚拟语气（后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+should+动词原形），动词原形），should should 可以省；常译为可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令）据建议；有命令）It is suggested that the meeting(
14、should)be It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off.put off.9it用法总结3 3）.It is a pity(a shame.)that.It is a pity(a shame.)that.thatthat后的从句一般用虚拟语气（后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+should+动词原形），动词原形），shouldshould可省去表示出乎意料，常译为可省去表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然竟然”。没有。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thin
15、g(should)happen It is a pity that such a thing(should)happen in your class.in your class.It is a pity that he is ill.It is a pity that he is ill.10it用法总结4).4).It is time(about time It is time(about time，high time)high time)that.that.该句型中该句型中that that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是常用过去时态表示虚拟常译为
16、是（正是）的时常用过去时态表示虚拟常译为是（正是）的时侯侯 It is time that children went to bed.It is time that children went to bed.It is the first(second.)time that.It is the first(second.)time that.“是第一（二）次是第一（二）次”。It is the first time I have been here.It is the first time I have been here.=This is the first time I have been
17、 here.=This is the first time I have been here.11it用法总结5).It happens(seems5).It happens(seems，lookslooks，appears)that.appears)that.该句型中该句型中itit是形式主语，是形式主语，that that 引导的是主语从句，主句引导的是主语从句，主句中的中的happen happen，seemseem等词是不及物动词。等词是不及物动词。It happened(so happened)that he met his It happened(so happened)that
18、he met his teacher in the street.teacher in the street.碰巧碰巧.It seems that he will be back in a few days.It seems that he will be back in a few days.看看来来12it用法总结3.2.3.2.作形式主语替代不定式作形式主语替代不定式 1).It takes sb.to do sth.1).It takes sb.to do sth.做要花费某人做要花费某人 It took thousands of people many years to build
19、the Great It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.Wall.2).It is kind(of sb.)to do sth.2).It is kind(of sb.)to do sth.主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：常见的有：bad bad，brave brave，carelesscareless，clever clever，cruel cruel，foolish foolish，stupid stupid，wise wron
20、gwise wrong等。等。这个句型可以改写为：这个句型可以改写为：sb.is kind to do sth.sb.is kind to do sth.。It is kind of you to say so.It is kind of you to say so.=You are kind to say so.=You are kind to say so.3).It is necessary(for sb.)to do sth.3).It is necessary(for sb.)to do sth.常见的形容词有：常见的形容词有：importantimportant，necessary
21、necessary，natural natural easy easy，safe safe，common common，normal normal，hard hard，difficult,dangerous difficult,dangerous，等。等。在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：如：It is important for her to come to the party.It is important for her to come to the party.=It is important that she(should)come to the
22、 party.=It is important that she(should)come to the party.13it用法总结It is no good(use)doing sth.It is no good(use)doing sth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是语可以是no good no good，(not any good)(not any good)，no no use use，(not any use)(not any use)。It is no good learning English without It
23、is no good learning English without speaking English.speaking English.Its useless trying to argue with Shylock.Its useless trying to argue with Shylock.3.3.作形式主语替代ing形式 14it用法总结4.It 4.It 作形式宾语作形式宾语.We think it important to learn a foreign language.We think it important to learn a foreign language.该句
24、型中的该句型中的it it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为型为61236123结构结构。6 6指主句中常用的动词：指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feelthink,believe,make,find,consider,feel；1 1指的是形式宾语指的是形式宾语itit；2 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；3 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或或thatthat引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语
25、从句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.day.He felt it important learning English well.He felt it important learning English well.They found it difficult that they would finish They found it difficult that they would finish their wor
26、k in two days.their work in two days.15it用法总结五、特殊句型五、特殊句型1).It is.since.1).It is.since.。It is(has been)5 years since his father died.It is(has been)5 years since his father died.2).It is.when.2).It is.when.。“当的时候，当的时候，是是”It was 5 oclock when he came here.It was 5 oclock when he came here.3).It be.be
27、fore.3).It be.before.该句型主句中的该句型主句中的 it it 指时间，指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是去时两种时态主句中的表语多是longlong，not long not long，3 days 3 days，2 weeks 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为“之后之后”。It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.It will be not lon
28、g before he finishes his job.It will be not long before he finishes his job.16it用法总结4 4）.It looks(seems)as if.It looks(seems)as if.该句型中该句型中itit无意义，无意义，as if as if 引导一个状语从句。常译引导一个状语从句。常译为，看起来好象如果与事实不相符合，则用虚为，看起来好象如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。拟语气。It looks as if he is ill.It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）（真的病了）It lo
29、oks as if he were ill.It looks as if he were ill.（没有生病）（没有生病）It seemed as if he were dyingIt seemed as if he were dying5 5）.It doesnt matter whether(if).It doesnt matter whether(if).该句型中该句型中whether(if)whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。译为不论（是否）没关系。It It doesnt matter if they are ol
30、d.doesnt matter if they are old.17it用法总结 6）make it 及时赶到及时赶到;成功成功;办成办成 You can make it if you hurry.You neednt worry;he will make it.7）catch it 被责骂被责骂;受处罚受处罚If I come home late Ill catch it from my If I come home late Ill catch it from my mother.mother.Youll catch it because of your carelessness.Youll catch it because of your carelessness.18it用法总结8）.It的一些习惯用法的一些习惯用法lHow is it with your study?学习好吗？学习好吗？lThats it.这就对了。这就对了。lIt went hard with him.他身遇不幸。他身遇不幸。lIt is all over with me.我完蛋了。我完蛋了。lWe must fight it out.我们必须坚持到底。我们必须坚持到底。lI cant help it.我没有办法。我没有办法。19it用法总结Good bye20it用法总结
