1、神经元的分类神经元的分类(Types of Neurons)Multpolar neuronsBipolar neuronsUnipolar neuronsAnaxonic neurons脑白质含水量72%2岁以上脑白质含水量87%出生时脑灰质为89%脑灰质为82%T1WI:描述解剖结构T2WI:描述病灶FLAIR:描述病灶DWI:对急性梗塞敏感Holland et al.(1987),0.35TMR的测值(T1,T2)在发育中的 作用Myelination of the posterior fossa(nd nucleus dentatus;mcp middle cerebellarpedu
2、ncle;V vermis cerebelli;1 peridentate white matter;2 corpus medullare;3 peripheral white matter;IV fourth ventricle)MRI髓鞘信号髓磷脂内的结合水(短T1短T2)轴突和细胞外水(长T1长T2)新生儿与成人信号相反,随月份变化。3-6月:T1WI灰白质等信号9-18月:T2WI灰白质等信号婴幼儿出生前(胚胎7月)至18月,髓鞘发育最快,18-24月基本接近成人水平。髓鞘发育顺序:由尾头 背侧腹侧 感觉运动 婴幼儿脑组织MR信号变化孕龄孕龄3435w,T1WI,已髓鞘化的脑干背侧、苍
3、白球。,已髓鞘化的脑干背侧、苍白球。孕龄孕龄3435w,T2WI,丘脑下核髓鞘化。内囊仍未髓鞘化,丘脑下核髓鞘化。内囊仍未髓鞘化后颅窝内:脑干神经核、小脑齿状核及小脑蚓部呈相对低信号。后颅窝内:脑干神经核、小脑齿状核及小脑蚓部呈相对低信号。正常婴儿,正常婴儿,4m,T1WI6月龄月龄6月龄月龄6月龄月龄8月龄月龄8月龄月龄10月龄月龄10月龄月龄12月龄月龄12月龄月龄视辐射WMA 34mWMA6m胼胝体膝部胼胝体压部WMA 46m6月以内婴儿T1WI信号变化YN胼胝体压部WMA 68mWMA6m内囊前肢胼胝体膝部WMA 811m6月以上婴儿T2WI信号变化额叶白质WMA 1114m弓状纤维成
4、人状态WMA 1418mYN髓鞘形成滞后女,1 岁髓鞘形成滞后男,2岁发育各阶段的磁化转移率(%)T1WMTC2.5-month-old child:未髓鞘化白质信号中度丢失(MTC像上)30-month-old child:髓鞘化白质信号严重丢失(MTC像上),提示高 MTC 值第一组(小于6个月)第二组(6个月1岁)第三组(1岁3岁)第四组(3岁5岁)第五组(5岁8岁)第六组(8岁12岁)第七组(12岁18岁)测量测量ROI100mm2 (最小体素)(最小体素)NAAChoR2=0.7035007009001100130015001700190002468101214161820age(y
5、)Naa/Cho:x10-3R2=0.601940060080010001200140016001800200002468101214161820age(y)Naa/Cho:x10-3枕叶白质(p0.001)(p0.001)1.5-yr control subject demonstrates an NAA/Cr ratio of 2.12 and a Cho/Cr ratio of 1.81.1.5yr patient with mild developmental delay demonstrates a slightly higher Cho peak and higher Cho/Cr
6、 ratio of 2.015-year-old patient with mild developmental delay in language and coordination demonstrates markedincrease in the Cho/Cr ratio to 1.795-year-old control patient:The NAA/Cr ratio of 2.50 and Cho/Crratio of 1.42 are normal.新生儿:形态微凸,呈均一高信号,新生儿:形态微凸,呈均一高信号,2-3m:腺垂体呈低信号,神经垂体为高信号:腺垂体呈低信号,神经垂体为高信号青春期垂体:青春期垂体:(特别是女性)体积明显增大,向上突出特别是女性)体积明显增大,向上突出谢谢 谢谢