1、口译基础知识与技巧6.语篇技巧l英、汉语言之间最重要的区别莫过于形合(hypotaxis)与意合(parataxis)之分了。l形合指句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用句法手段(syntactic devices)或词汇手段(lexical devices)。l意合指“句子内部的连接或句子间的连接采用语义手段(semantic connection)”(方梦之 2004)。l鉴于英汉两种语言的形合和意合的区别,译员需注意句子内部的连接。汉译英时多使用关系副词、关系代词、并列连接词、从属连接词等实现句内连接。原文:我深信,香港市民一定能够以主人翁的姿态,抓住机遇,善用机遇,实现自己的抱负,建设香港
2、的未来,共同追求民族振兴的宏伟目标。译文:I am confident that Hong Kong people will take up the role of master and capitalize on every opportunity to realize their visions,to work for a better Hong Kong and to pursue the glorious goal of national revival.原文:经济社会发展对自然资源的需求日益增加,加剧了自然资源长期再生和生态系统有限的能力之间的矛盾。译文:The economic a
3、nd social development has led to an increasing demand for natural resources,which intensifies the contradictions between the long-term regeneration of natural resources and the limited ability of ecological system.为了语篇的衔接与连贯,译员需要注意以下几点l首先,译员要敢于不拘泥于原文语篇组织结构l其次,不论是英译汉还是汉译英,译员都要实现语篇的显性连接,明示句与句之间的关系。l再次
4、,译员要善于利用英汉两种语言中的衔接与连贯手段。l英汉两种语言中常用的衔接与连贯手段有照应、替代、省略、重复、连接成分等。l重复某一个语言单位既可实现句内衔接,又可实现跨句衔接。原文:The standards and reputation of this university are known around the world.And I know what an achievement it is to be here.译文:这所大学的水准和声誉是世人皆知的。我知道,要就读这所大学需要考出很高的成绩。l连接成分(conjunction)是口译中语篇衔接最常用的手段。Halliday以逻辑
5、语义关系为切入点将连接成分分为三大类:详述(elaboration)、延伸(extension)和增强(enhancement)(朱永生2001:77-91)。详述类连接成分详述类连接成分l换言连接关系:in other words/换句话说l举例连接关系:for example/例如l总结连接关系:in short/总之l确认连接关系:as a matter of fact/事实上l矫正连接关系:be more precise/严格地讲 延伸类连接成分延伸类连接成分l增补的肯定连接关系:in addition/况且l增补的否定连接关系:neither nor/既不 也不l转折连接关系:how
6、ever/然而l对立连接关系:on the contrary/恰恰相反l除外连接关系:apart from that/除此之外 增强类连接成分增强类连接成分l时空连接关系:at the same time/与此同时;next/接下来;in the end/最后l因果连接关系:consequently/因此;for that reason/正因为如此l条件连接关系:in that case/在那种情况下;despite this/尽管如此l话题连接关系:in other respects/在其他方面原文:随着中国综合国力的增强和国际地位的提高,中国在国际舞台上越来越令人瞩目,外界了解中国的愿望也
7、日益强烈。译文:With the improvement of its comprehensive national strength and its international status,China is now increasingly remarkable in the international arena.Meanwhile/Consequently,the outside world is increasingly desiring to learn about china.原文:深圳先后被评为“国家花园城市”和“环境保护的典范城市”。2001年11月,深圳在美国华盛顿被评为“
8、国际花园城市”。译文:Shenzhen has been elected as“Garden City of State”and“Model City in Environmental Protection”.In addition,in Nov.2001,it was elected as“International Garden City”in Washington DC,USA.原文:There are also differences with gestures and body language.Giving the thumbs up in Saudi Arabia is very much offensive.Pointing used to be thought of as rude in Britain,especially with the index finger.译文:手势和身体语言也各不相同。例如,大拇指朝上在沙特阿拉伯非常惹人讨厌。再如,在英国用手指人,尤其是用食指指别人是很不礼貌的。