1、专题五专题五 代词代词【第二部分 语法知识贯通】考情解读 课标要求1.了解9种代词的基本用法。2.熟练掌握不定代词、替代词、人称代词、物主代词及反身代词的用法。3.准确把握代词it表示时间、距离、天气,it的固定句型及it作形式主语、形式宾语等的用法。五年考情回顾卷别人称代词、物主代词与反身代词it2020新高考(山东)42.themselves 全国卷202070.its指代 2019 201870.it指代 68.them 5年考频5年5考5年0考浙江卷2021.12019.6 2018.1161.them 2018.6 58.it 形式主语2017.1164.their 2017.659
2、.myself 5年考频5年3考5年1考命题分析预测1.高考对代词的考查侧重在人称代词、物主代词、反身代词及it的用法上,并且会更加注重语境的真实性和复杂性。2.近几年高考的语法填空题重点考查考生在语境中正确使用代词的能力。考点1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词考点2 不定代词考点3 替代词和指示代词难点1 it的用法难点2 it构成的几个易混淆的句型 难点3 部分否定与全部否定必备知识通关(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)考点1 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词代词第一人称第二人称第三
3、人称 单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey人称代词宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代词 myself ourselves yourself yourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves知识1人称代词 人称代词的句法功能。在句中,人称代词作不同的成分对应其不同的格:We all grew up hearing people tell us to go
4、out and get some fresh air.人们告诉我们出去呼吸点新鲜空气,我们都是听着这些长大的。2019全国(主格We作主语,宾格us作tell的宾语)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)特别提醒1.在It is/was.that/who.强调句型中,若被强调部分是人称代词,作主语用主格,作宾语用宾格。It was we that met him at the school gate.是我们在学校门口遇到他了。(主格we作主语)It was him that we me
5、t at the school gate.我们在学校门口遇到的是他。(宾格him作宾语)2.句中没有谓语动词时,人称代词常用宾格。Id like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.这个周末我想去爬山。(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)Me,too.我也想去。3.当说话者不清楚或没必要知道谈论对象的性别时,常用it来表示。What a lovely baby!Is it a boy or a girl?多么可爱的婴儿啊!是男孩还是女孩?
6、1 2021黑龙江哈尔滨部分学校一验,69Every year when Grain in Ear comes,people make different types of bread with wheat flour and color _(they)with vegetable juice.解析 分析句子结构及语境可知,color在此是动词,此处缺宾语,故填they的宾格them。(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)知识2物主代词物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。1
7、.形容词性物主代词相当于形容词:置于名词之前,作定语,不可单独使用。Those people are my schoolmates.那些人是我的校友。拓展延伸含形容词性物主代词的常用结构:1.形容词性物主代词+own(+名词)某人自己的()I have my own room.我有我自己的房间。I need a room of my own.我需要有一间自己的房间。2.形容词性物主代词+v-ing,可作主语或宾语 His being ill made his mother worried.他生病使母亲很担忧。(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)
8、人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)2 2021陕西百校联盟第一次模拟,64Dahlquist had always delighted in hearing the baby birds chirp(唧唧叫)to _(they)parents during feeding time.解析 分析句子结构可知,to在此为介词,再由名词parents可知,空处需用形容词性物主代词,故填their。2.名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词:可单独使用(作主语、表语和宾语),也可用of+名词性物主代词结构作后置定语。Your bike is black.Mine(=My
9、 bike)is red.你的自行车是黑色的,我的是红色的。(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)There is something wrong with my bike.May I use yours(=your bike)?我的自行车坏了,我可以用你的吗?Kate went on holiday with a cousin of hers.凯特和她的一个表妹一起去度假了。3 At first she took my hands in _(she)and listened pati
10、ently as I mentioned my worries.解析 句意:起初,当我提及自己的担忧时,她把我的手握在她的手里,并耐心听着。由介词in可知此处缺宾语,又结合语境可知,此处表示她的手,应用名词性物主代词hers,相当于her hands。故填hers。(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)知识3反身代词1.反身代词可作宾语:常在 enjoy,teach,hurt,behave,introduce(介绍)等动词后作动宾和by,for,to,in,of等介词后作介宾。He i
11、s teaching himself English.他在自学英语。She was talking to herself.她在自言自语。4 Now Im much more experienced as a driver.Although I still dont consider _(I)a perfect one,Im much more confident behind the wheel than what I was when I started.解析 根据语境并分析句子结构可知,Although引导的让步状语从句的主语与宾语为同一人,故此处用反身代词myself。(教学提纲)人教版
12、高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)2.反身代词可作同位语:用于加强语气,强调亲自,本人,亲身。He himself went to the bank.他亲自去了银行。5 Heritage can also be a reminder of the lifestyle of the past.Just look at Viennas coffee culture:the award was for what happened there,not for the places _(they).解析 根据
13、语境并分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作the places的同位语,此处表示奖励是给在那里所发生的事的,而不是给这些地方本身,因此这里填they的反身代词themselves,表示它们本身。(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)3.反身代词可作表语:常用于be,feel,look,seem等系动词后作表语,表示身体或精神状态。Im not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。I am feeling myself again.我觉得健康如昔。归纳总结 含有反身代词的常用短语1.介
14、词+反身代词by oneself 单独,独自 for oneself 亲自,为自己 in oneself 本身,本来 to oneself 独自拥有的,独享的(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)2.动词+反身代词enjoy oneself过得愉快 amuse oneself自娱seat oneself就座 boast oneself自夸teach oneself自学 express oneself表达自己的思想behave oneself举止得体 hide oneself把自己藏起来
15、dress oneself自己穿衣 apply/devote oneself to致力于feel oneself觉得身体好 help oneself to随便吃/用lose oneself in沉迷于 make yourself at home不拘束adapt/adjust oneself to使自己适应于(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)不定代词是高考考查的内容之一,考生一定要注意不定代词在具体语境中的用法。此外,大多数不定代词还可以作限定词(两者在用法上基本是相通的)。下面具体
16、讲解一下常见的不定代词的用法。知识1either,both,neither,all,none,any 考点2 不定代词代词含义作主语时谓语动词的数两者either肯定单数both肯定复数neither否定常用单数三者或更多all肯定与all指代的人或事物保持一致none否定用单、复数均可(常与of短语连用)any肯定(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)There are two ways leading to the woods.Either seems(=Both seem)to
17、be passable.有两条路通往森林,任何一条/两条似乎都走得通。Neither of the two cars is mine.这两辆汽车都不是我的。All of the food has gone.所有食物都没了。None of the money is mine.钱都不是我的。Mr.Smith refused to accept any of the three suggestions.史密斯先生拒绝接受三条建议中的任何一条。(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)6 Can
18、you come on Monday or Tuesday?Im afraid _ is possible.解析 根据问句中的Monday or Tuesday及空前的Im afraid可知,此处表示两者都不,故填neither。知识2none,nobody/no one,nothing 1.代词指代对象常用来提问的疑问词none人和物how many,how much nobody/no one人whonothing物what(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)How much m
19、oney do you have?你有多少钱?None.一点也没有。Who is in the room?谁在屋里?No one/Nobody.没有人。What are you doing now?你现在在做什么?Nothing.什么也没有做。2.对some/any/every+名词进行全部否定的词是none;对someone/somebody/everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody进行全部否定的词是nobody/no one;对something/anything/everything 进行全部否定的词是nothing。(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版
20、专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)If I had some money,I would lend him,but unfortunately,I have none.如果我有些钱的话,我会借给他,但不幸的是,我一点钱也没有。特别提醒1.none作主语时谓语动词的单复数 We had three cats once none is/are alive now.我们曾经有三只猫,现在一只也没有了。(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖
21、课件(免费下载)2.none可与of连用,作主语时谓语动词的单复数 None of the telephones is/are working.没有一部电话是好的。知识3each1.each可直接作主语,也可接of+名词复数作主语,此时,谓语动词用单数。Each(of the students)has a dictionary.每位学生都有一本词典。2.each可作同位语,放在主语(复数)后,谓语动词用复数。They each have a dictionary.他们每人有一本词典。拓展延伸each还可作限定词,修饰可数名词单数,常与every进行区别辨析:There are lots of
22、flowers on each side of the road.路两边有许多花。She knows every student in the school.她认识学校里的每一个学生。(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)知识4the other,another,the others,others 代词用法例句the other特指两者中的另一个,常用在one.the other.结构中I have two daughters.One is a doctor,and the other
23、 is a teacher.我有两个女儿,一个是医生,一个是教师。another指三者或三者以上中的另一,再一I got another of those calls yesterday.昨天我又接了一个那样的电话。the others相当于the other+可数名词复数,特指其余全部的人或物Two boys will go to the zoo,and the others will stay at home.两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。others相当于other+可数名词复数,泛指别的人或物,常用在some.others.结构中Some students are cleanin
24、g the classroom;others are playing on the playground.一些学生在打扫教室,另一些在操场上玩。特别提醒1.the other还可作定语修饰可数名词,修饰可数名词复数时,表示其余全部的。如:the other book另一本书 the other books其余的书2.another也可作定语,后可跟基数词/few(+可数名词复数),表示另外的。another+基数词+可数名词复数相当于基数词+more+可数名词复数。I have been here for two weeks and I will stay here for another t
25、hree weeks(=three more weeks).我在这里已经两周了,还要在这儿再待三周。(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)(教学提纲)人教版高中英语2021届新高考版专题五代词获奖课件(免费下载)7 In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in _,knives and forks.解析 句意:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃东西,而在另外一些国家,(人们)用的是刀和叉。空格处与some相呼应,构成some.others.结构,意为一些,另一些,故填others。知识5some和any s
26、ome常用于肯定句,any则常用于否定句和疑问句。Some of the milk has gone bad.一些牛奶坏了。I need some stamps.Are there any in your bag?我需要一些邮票。你包里有吗?特别提醒any还可用于肯定句,表示任一。Ill take any you dont want.你不要的我随便拿一个。拓展延伸some和any均可作限定词,修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。1.some常用于肯定句,any常用于否定句和疑问句。Theres still some wine in the bottle.瓶子里还有些葡萄酒。Are there any
27、 meat?I didnt eat any meat.有肉吗?我一点儿肉也没吃。2.some也可用于疑问句。若疑问句表示请求、建议或邀请,或期望得到对方肯定的答复,用some,不用any。May I ask you some questions?我可以问你一些问题吗?(请求)Would you like some coffee?你想喝点咖啡吗?(邀请)【注意】some和any均可修饰可数名词单数。(1)some+可数名词单数表示某一。John,some student is waiting for you downstairs.约翰,有个学生在楼下等你。(2)any+可数名词单数表示任一。Ta
28、ke any book you like.你喜欢哪本书就拿哪本。知识6many,much,(a)few,(a)little many,much,(a)few,(a)little既可作代词,又可作限定词,总结如下:含义 替代或修饰名词复数 替代或修饰不可数名词 表示多manymuch 表示少fewlittle表示肯定a fewa little 表示否定fewlittle(注意:not a little,quite a little相当于much;not a few,quite a few相当于many)Many wanted to change their life in the town.镇上
29、许多人想改变自己的生活。You have a lot of free time,but I dont have much.你有很多空闲时间,但是我没有。A lot of guests were invited,but few came.邀请了很多客人,但来的人不多。If you have any spare milk,could you give me a little?你要是有多余的牛奶,给我一些好吗?知识7复合不定代词 1.常见的复合不定代词2.复合不定代词的基本用法(1)复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。Everyone knows this.每个人都知道这一点。(2)当形容词修
30、饰复合不定代词时,形容词通常后置。Theres something wrong with the TV.电视出毛病了。某任何每个,所有没有人someonesomebodyanyoneanybodyeveryoneeverybodyno onenobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothing知识8不定代词构成的固定搭配anything but 决不,根本不nothing but 仅仅,只有none but=only仅仅,只有 all but几乎,差不多;除外全部anybody/everybody but除外的任何人not anything=nothing没有什么
31、(表示全部否定)not everything并非每件东西(表示部分否定)not much of a.不是很好,不怎么样.or something 诸如此类的什么something like.有点像,大概,大约 something or other 一件什么东西(事情)something of a.有些,有几分 He is anything but a clerk.他根本不是一名职员。He is a scientist or something.他是科学家之类的人物。I have something like 20 dollars in cash.我大概有20美元现金。His life is s
32、omething of a mystery.他的生活有几分神秘。知识1替代词one,the one,that,it 考点2 不定代词代词用法例句one替代上文出现的同类事物,但不是同一事物,泛指同类事物中的一个,所替代的名词必须是可数名词单数。表示复数时用ones。He bought several books and lent one to me.他买了几本书并借给了我一本。(one指a book)the one替代前面提到的可数名词单数,且表特指。有时可用that替代(尤其是在有后置定语的情况下)。表示复数时用the ones。The book on the desk is better
33、than the one under the desk.书桌上面的那本书比书桌下面的那本书好。续表代词用法例句that替代上文出现的同类事物,所替代的名词可以是可数名词单数,也可以是不可数名词,其后常跟介词短语作后置定语。表示复数时用those。The weather here is colder than that in Henan.这儿的天气比河南的天气冷。it替代上文出现的同一事物,被替代的名词可以是可数名词单数,也可以是不可数名词。表示复数时用them。The weather is cold.I dont like it.天气很冷,我不喜欢。(it指the weather)8 2021
34、江苏海安中学质量监测,58In Canada,the tipping situation is very similar to _ of the US.解析 分析语境及句子结构,尤其是空后的介词短语of the US,可知此处用that替代前面提到的the tipping situation,表示同类事物。故填that。9 The Chinese have known about the benefits of green tea since ancient times,and they use _ to treat various diseases such as headaches and
35、 depression.解析 句意:自古以来中国人就知道绿茶的好处,并用绿茶来治疗各种疾病,如头痛和抑郁症。此处指代的是前面提到的green tea,故用it。知识2指示代词this,that,these,those1.指代前面提到过的事物,常用that或those,起承上的作用;指代将要提及的事物,常用this或these,起启下的作用。He was ill.Thats why he didnt come.他病了。那就是他没来的原因。What do you think of this?Jack broke my camera,but he refused to pay for the rep
36、airs.你怎么看这件事?杰克摔坏了我的照相机,但他拒绝出修理费。(此句中this指代下文将要提到的事物,不能换成that)2.在打电话时,用this来介绍自己,用that来询问对方。Hello.This is Tom.Who is that speaking?喂,我是汤姆。您是哪位?3.含有this,that的习惯用法。知识3指示代词such和the same 1.such指代如前所述的那样的人或事物。Such is Albert Einstein,a simple man with great achievements.这就是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦,一个简朴而又成就卓越的人。2.the same
37、指同样的人或事物。The same happened once.同样的事情曾经发生过。1.it作形式主语it可以作形式主语,而把真正的主语后置。常用it作形式主语的句型有:(1)It+be+adj.+(for sb.)to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy,difficult,hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible等。It is necessary to change your job.你换一下工作是有必要的。10_ is important for adults to speak to young people about how they us
38、e social media and chat online.解析 分析句子结构可知,本句使用了It+be+adj.+for sb.to do sth.句式,故本空填代词It。难点1 it的用法(2)It+be+adj.+of sb.to do sth.此句型中的形容词通常描述人的性格、品质等。常用于该句型的形容词有:kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home.这家人真友好,努力让我感到轻松自在。
39、(3)It+be+n.+(for sb./sth.)to do sth.常用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity,shame,pleasure,fun,joy,good/bad manners等。It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.年轻人占据给老人的座位是不礼貌的。(4)It takes/took sb.+一段时间+to do sth.表示做某事花费某人多长时间。It took us half an hour to get to the town.到那座城镇花了我们半个小时。11 2020云南昆明三诊一
40、模,44_ took him seven years to scan the characters in Chinese ancient books.解析 句意:他花了七年时间扫描中国古籍上的汉字。此处考查It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.句型,故填It。(5)It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.常用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)有:useless,fun,no/little use,no/much good等。Its no use crying over spilt milk.为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。(覆水难收,悔恨无益。)(6)It+
41、be+adj./n.+主语从句.在It is necessary/important+that从句中,从句的谓语常用should+动词原形,且should可以省略。Its necessary and important that one should master the skills of operating computers.掌握电脑操作技术有必要且很重要。(7)It+be+过去分词+that从句.say,report,think,believe,hope,expect,agree,accept,decide,intend,plan,understand,know,demand,requ
42、est,require,order,suggest,advise,recommend等动词的过去分词常用于此句型。It is reported that another satellite has been in orbit.据报道又一颗人造卫星已经进入轨道了。12_ is believed that Beijing opera gradually came into being after 1790 when the four famous Anhui opera troupes(表演团)came to Beijing.解析 句意:人们认为京剧是在1790年著名的四大安徽剧团来到北京后逐渐形
43、成的。分析句子结构可知,此处是It+be+过去分词+that从句句型,故填It。特别提醒 在Its suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted(坚决要求)/required/demanded+that从句中,从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语要用should+动词原形,should可省略。It is suggested that the patient(should)be operated on at once.建议立刻给病人动手术。(8)It makes no difference/doesnt matter+主语从句.It makes no diff
44、erence to me whether you go or not.你去或不去对我来说无所谓。(9)It seems/appears/happens+that从句.It seemed that she had made some mistakes in the design of the machine.她好像在机器的设计上出了一些错误。2.it作形式宾语(1)当宾语是动词-ing、动词不定式或that从句,且其后有宾语补足语时,为了保持句子结构的平衡,通常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语置于句末。常用结构是:find/feel/think/believe/consider/make等+it
45、+宾补+动词-ing/动词不定式/that从句。I feel it hard to climb the mountain.我感觉爬这座山很困难。We find it useless waiting here all the time.我们发现在这里一直等着没有用。13 This special strain of rice makes _ possible to produce 20%more of the crop in the same field.解析 句意:这种特殊品种的水稻能够使同一块地里多产出20%的产量。分析句子结构可知,本句真正的宾语是不定式短语,possible为宾语补足语,
46、因此本空用代词it作形式宾语。突破攻略为了方便记忆it 作形式宾语的结构,我们可称其为6123结构:6 指常用的动词:think,consider,believe,find,make,feel;1 指的是形式宾语 it;2 指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名词;3 指的是真正的宾语的三种形式:动词-ing、不定式或that从句。(2)某些及物动词(短语)后不能直接跟从句。此时应先用it作形式宾语,然后接宾语从句。常用结构是:hate/like/appreciate/depend on等+it+从句。I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.假如你支付现金
47、的话,我会不胜感激。You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.你可以相信所有的货物都会及时用船运到国外。3.it构成强调句(It is/wasthat/who)It was I that/who told him about it.是我告诉他这件事的。(it构成强调句型的具体用法详见强调句型)4.it的特殊用法(1)it指天气、时间、环境、距离等 It is a lovely day today,isnt it?今天是个好天气,不是吗?It was nearly midnight when sh
48、e came back.她回来时已经快半夜了。It was very quiet in the cafe.咖啡馆里很安静。It is half an hours walk to the city centre.到市中心需要步行半小时。(2)含有it的固定结构as it is事实上as sb.puts it 正如某人所说It depends.视情况而定。Dont mention it.不客气。Take it easy.别紧张。believe it or not 信不信由你 see to it that确保 make it 成功,做到mean it说话算数 cant help it无能为力 cal
49、l it a day到此为止 go for it 大胆试一试take it for granted that认为是理所当然的(3)it可以用来替代整个句子或句中谓语部分所表示的意思。Mrs.Anderson is already past fifty,but she doesnt look it.安德逊夫人已经年过五十,可是看上去不像。1.It+be+时间段+since引导的状语从句 该句型表示自以来已多久了。表示现在的情况时,主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时,从句多用一般过去时;表示过去的情况时,主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时。It is three years since his fat
50、her passed away.自他父亲去世以来已经三年了。It was 10 years since they had married.自他们结婚以来已经十年了。2.It+be+时间段+before引导的状语从句该句型中的时间段一般为some time,years,months,weeks,难点2 it构成的几个易混淆的句型 days,hours,minutes等。主句可用一般过去时或一般将来时(will be):若主句用一般过去时,before从句用一般过去时;若主句用一般将来时,before从句常用一般现在时。It was some time before I knew the trut