1、2021/7/261(最新整理)英语句子成分讲解清晰版2021/7/262一、介绍与其重要性 句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。2021/7/263句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数
2、，不定式，动名词，短语或式，动名词，短语或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象同主语同主语Both of us like English.表语表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonabl
3、e.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句副词，介词短语或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词形容词，名词，介词短语等短语等She alw
4、ays keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！2021/7/264英语的句子成分：一）一）主语：主语：Walls have ears.He will take you to the hospital.Three plus four equals seven.To see is to believe.Smoking is not allowed in public places.Whether or not they will come depends on th
5、e weather.二）谓语二）谓语由由_担任。担任。助动词或情态动词助动词或情态动词加其加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。Action speaks louder than words.The chance may never come again.Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.动词动词/动词短语动词短语名词名词代词代词数词数词to do不定式不定式doing动名词动名词句子句子2021/7/265My father is a professor.Whos that?Its me.Eve
6、rything here is expensive.The match became very exciting.The story of my life may be of help to others.Three times five is fifteen.His plan is to seek work in the city.My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.三）三）表语 它的位置在_之后。是用来说明主语的_,_,_的.系动词、连系动词系动词、连系动词性质性质特征特征状态状态名词名词 n代词代词 pron形容词形容
7、词 adjadj介词短语介词短语数词数词to do不定式不定式句子句子2021/7/266（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_之后。_词后也会跟宾语。She covered her face with her hands.We havent seen her for a long time.Do you mind opening the window?Give me four please.He wants to dream a nice dream.We need know what others are doing.We should care more about
8、our friends.动词动词/动词短语动词短语介词介词名词名词 n代词代词 pron动名词动名词代词和数词代词和数词to do不定式不定式句子句子介词介词+名词名词2021/7/267（五）定语 是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。They are woman workers.Toms father didnt write home until yesterday.Mary is a beautiful girl.The play has three acts.This is her first trip to Europe.Ch
9、ina is a developing country.I have nothing to eat.Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.名名前前后后 名词名词名词所有格名词所有格形容词形容词 adj数词数词形容词形容词/序数词序数词/to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 doingto do 不定式不定式从句从句2021/7/268六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。The best fish swim near the bottom.I left the village
10、five years ago.I arrived late because of the traffic jam.Well send a car to fetch you.The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only bones The students came into the classroom,singing and dancing.If he goes,so will I.Though he is a child,he knows a lot.地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语
11、伴随状语伴随状语条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语2021/7/269七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。They elected me captain of the team.We try to make our country strong.We found everything in good order there.I should advise you to get the chance.I saw him going upstairs.They found the house broken in.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介
12、词短语to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 doingdone 过去分词过去分词宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的动词的复合结构复合结构2021/7/2610八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语I was elected captain of the team.Our country will be made strong.与宾语补足语一样与宾语补足语一样2021/7/2611口诀记忆 主谓宾表定状补，解释说明同位语。主谓宾表定状补，解释说明同位语。句子主干主谓宾（表），辅助成分定状补。句子主干主谓宾（表），辅助成分
13、定状补。定语修饰名词代，状修动词还有副。定语修饰名词代，状修动词还有副。主谓人称数一致，宾语之后常有补。主谓人称数一致，宾语之后常有补。2021/7/2612二.五种简单句基本句型主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语动词动词系动词系动词不及物动词不及物动词及物动词及物动词主语主语+系系+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语2021/7/26131）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语2）The city
14、will become rich.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：“变化变化”类：类：_.“感官感官”类类:_.“持续持续”类：类：_.其他：（似乎）其他：（似乎）_ _(证明是证明是)_get/become/turn/grow/gotaste/smell/feel/look/soundstay/keep/remainSeem appearturn out/prove(to be)1主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语2021/7/2614Exercises你的故事听起来很有趣。_.把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。_.这种炎热的天气将会
15、保持几天。_.这个计划证明是可行的。_.You story sounded very interesting.Put the fish into fridge,or they will go bad.The hot day will remain/stay/keep a few days.The plan turned out/proved（to be)practical.2021/7/26152主语+谓语1）Building has started.主语主语 谓语谓语2）The train leaves at 7:40.主语主语 谓语谓语 _搭配：搭配：The teacher teaches
16、 well.The child walks very slowly._搭配：搭配：The girl looked at the picture.The children ran to the forest.动词副词动词副词动词介词动词介词2021/7/2616Exercise 我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。_Every day I get up early,walk to the park and sit on the bench.2021/7/26173主语+谓语+宾语The boss employed five more workers.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语My brot
17、her takes care of the vegetable garden.Few students like taking exams.He forgot to close the door.I hope I can speak English fluently.2021/7/2618Exercise他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。_.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。_.他许诺给我一个礼物。_.He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.He took out a beer and drank it up quickly.He pro
18、mised to give me a gift.2021/7/26194主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语1）He has fetched us some new textbooks.主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.2021/7/2620可接双宾语的常见动词有：可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask,an
19、swer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise 顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_.下学期谁教你们生物？_.Mr.White告诉我为什么他要出国。_.By the way,has she paid you money?Who will teach you biology?Mr.White told me why he went abroad.2021/7/26215主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语1）The villagers didnt allow them to do this.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 2）I will keep the box in the shade.3）We found him a very good pupil.4）She let me stay in the company.2021/7/2622Exercise 他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。_.我建议他多读点书。_.他修了机器。_.我们选他当班长。_.He always keeps his room cleanI suggest him reading more books.He had his machine repaired.We made him monitor.2021/7/2623
