1、Carbon Capture and Sequestration(Sales Pitch)Alexander Voice24 November 2019OverviewMotivation for the development of CCS technologyClimate changeEnergy profile and outlookPublic perception of CCSCCS technological overviewCCS challenges and solutionsMuir Glacier,August,1941Muir Glacier,August,2019Cl
2、imate ChangeCO2 Temperature CorrelationSource:Petit et.al.,Nature,2000Climate ChangePredicting Global Temperature IncreasesSource:IPCC Report on Climate Change,2019Average global temperatures have risen.75C in the past 100 years.How much will the rise in the next 100 years?Climate ChangePredicted Im
3、pactSource:Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change,2019Climate ChangePredicted ImpactClimate ChangeConclusionsCO2 concentration highest in last 650,000 yearsWarming of the climate system is unequivocal,most of the global warming of the past half-century is due to increases in greenhouse gase
4、sGlobal GHG emissions reduction challengeStabilize CO2(e)concentrations at 450ppm(2.0 2.4C temperature rise)Peak CO2 concentration before 2019Reduce 2050 emissions to 50-85%of 2000 emissionsReduce annual global emissions to 5Gt long termPublic Support for CCSMIT Carbon Sequestration Initiative,Surve
5、y,2019Why we need CCSUS Energy ProfileGlobal Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Electricity in 2019 Total=10,539MtGlobal CO2 PS Emissions 2019Total=13,375Mt(60%of total)Why we need CCSEnergy OutlookSource:EIA,International Energy Outlook,2019YearQuad.BTUOilCoalNGNuclearRenewablesWhy we need CCSEmissions
6、Mitigation PotentialSource:IPCC Special Report on Carbon Capture and SequestrationCCS OverviewCapturePower plantsNG treatmentOil refineriesTransportationPipelinesShipsSequestrationGeological formations(underground)OceanWhat is the scale of this project?800GW Coal/1600GW NG 1Gt CO2/1BSCFD Carbon Capt
7、ure OptionsTechnologies OverviewSystemsPost-combustionPre-combustionOxy-fuelIndustrial processes(e.g.NG sweetening)Separation technologiesSolvents aqueous amines and saltsMembranes polymericSolid sorbents Lime,zeolite,activated carbonCryogenic processes Liquefaction/distillationCarbon Capture Option
8、sPost-CombustionSource:co2crc.au/ABSSTRPHXRecirculating(amine)solventCO2Clean gasFlue gasAbsorption/StrippingTechnical DiagramABS40CSTRP120CHXRecirculating(amine)solventENERGYCO2Clean gasFlue gasAbsorption/StrippingProcess DetailsCO2+OH-C2H4-NH2+B OH-C2H4-NH-CO2+BH+HeatAbsorption of CO2 by MEA at 40
9、CMEA recovery by desorption at 120CReboiler provides heat to desorber in the form of steam from the boiler,reducing plant output and efficiencyOptimize loading,operating temperature,minimize solvent lossesAbsorption/StrippingTechnical Challenges and SolutionsFormation of heat stable salts precipitat
10、ion to produce fertilizerCorrosion of equipment by amine solvent addition of Cu2+or Va4+to solutionDegradation of solvent addition of EDTA or other inhibitor to solutionEnergy use solvent storage/cycling;use of salts,high pressure processes,new solventsCarbon Capture OptionsOxy-Fuel ProcessSource:co
11、2crc.au/Carbon Capture OptionsPre-CombustionSource:co2crc.au/Carbon Transport2500km of pipeline/50Mtyr-1 in western US TODAYUse of existing infrastructure require dry,sweet gas to prevent corrosionChallenges are manageable,similar to transport of hydrocarbonsCarbon SequestrationBig picture Storage in oil reservoirs(depleted and EOR),natural formations,ocean storageWill it leak?Not likely models suggest 99%containmentExisting reservoir data can be used to estimate storage potential and address(water)concernsNo groundwater contamination(salt?)Answers
