1、20222023学年佛山市普通高中高三教学质量检测(一)英语2022. 12本试卷共8页满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。因不考听力, 试卷从第二部分的“阅读”开始, 试题序号从“21”开始。第二部分阅读(共两节, 满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选
2、出最佳选项。ATotal Solar Eclipse 2023 AustraliaOne of natures most remarkable events-a total solar eclipse(日蚀)will take place on the western edge of Australia on April 20th, 2023 and we have chosen the perfect way for you to enjoy this event: on a cruise(航游)at sea. There have been only five total solar ec
3、lipses in Australia over the past century and this is the first hybrid eclipse in more than 1000 years. Unlike other cruises for this event, ours has the well-known astronomer Abigail Beall to accompany you. You will have the best possible view of the event as well as enjoying lectures and stargazin
4、g on land and at sea. Abigail will be on hand throughout, giving lectures on the history and science of eclipses, the black hole at the centre of the galaxy-along with providing many opportunities for guided stargazing. Plus, there will be additional talks from the Astronomical Society of Australia.
5、 Click here for detailed arrangements of the tour. Single occupancyPer guest based on two people sharingInterior cabin2, 4291,699Oceanview cabin3, 2292, 199If you wish to add a third adult or child to your room, please ask for a quote. Alongside the cruise, you can also explore some of Australias be
6、st scientific and natural phenomena with a series of tailored add-on tours covering astronomy on the east coast and visits to Uluru, Sydney, the Great Barrier Reef and much more. On the last day of the tour, we can send you back to the airport for your return journey home, or you can join one of our
7、 add-on tours. Click here for full details about add-on tours.1. What makes the cruise different from others?A. A specialists guidance.B. A talk with astronomers.C. A chance for stargazingD. A meeting with astronauts.2. How much should a couple pay for a tour in a Oceanview cabin?A. 3, 229.B. 2, 199
8、.C. . 6, 458D. 4, 398.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To celebrate a historic event.B. To advertise a special cruise.CTo introduce a travel agency.D. To explain a natural phenomenon.BDevezas mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant(肾移植). Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kid
9、neysbut she was turned down because she might develop the same health problems as her mother in later life. Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the worlds first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver(肝) for someone elses kidney. A
10、case study of the organ exchange has now been published, and the surgeons who were involved are calling for more exchanges like this. “You can imagine the enormous impact for mixed organ extended chains,” says John Roberts, a surgeon at University of California, San Francisco. Most organ transplants
11、 come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs. As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys, people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends. If someone wants to donate but their immune(免疫的) system is unsuited, doctors m
12、ay be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the others relative. When Deveza was looking into such chains, she came across research describing the idea of trading a kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donorthe liver. She suggested the idea to
13、many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts, who saw the ideas potential. Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver. It then took 18 months to find Annie Simmons, in Idaho, whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver di
14、sease. They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Devezas mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully. The team hope that the ground-breaking case will inspire mor
15、e people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living-donor liver transplants a yeara ten percent increase.4. What did Deveza do to save her mother?A. Carrying out a case study.B. Calling for kidney donations.C. Launching
16、a medical experiment.D. Trading half her liver for a kidney.5. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A. Patients desperation to survive.B. Several sources of organ donation.C. Current situation of organ transplants.D. Doctors efforts to improve organ transplants.6. What can be inferred about the o
17、rgan exchange between Deveza and Simmons?A. It discouraged organ donation.B. It brought two families together.C. It met with widespread approval.D. It produced a desirable outcome.7. What is the best title for the text?A. My Liver, Your KidneyB. Mothers Love, Our HappinessC. Organ Transplant: Blessi
18、ng for PatientsDOrgan Exchange: Major Medical AdvancesCIts no secret now that the more time we spend on social media, the more we feel dissatisfied with ourselves. We tend to compare ourselves to influences and celebrities- so its easy to understand how that can affect our confidence. But, how often
19、 have you found yourself comparing your life to your friends? Engaging with social media shared by our friends can be more damaging than looking at content shared by celebrities, new research has found. The study looking at how social media affects body image found that any social media engagement w
20、as significantly associated with lower “appearance satisfaction”. Additionally, it found that engaging with content posted by people the participants knew was more than twice as damaging as looking at content posted by strangers, including celebrities. Viren Swami, Professor of Social Psychology at
21、Anglia Ruskin University, believes this is partly because we know its hard to attain the lives of celebrities or influences, but when were comparing ourselves to our friends, it feels like we should- or could-live the way they do. “One possible explanation is that people may perceive a post showing
22、appearance as being much more attainable if it comes from someone they know, adding expectation or pressure on the person engaging in the post, ” he said. “At the same time, people may be more critically engaged with posts by the likes of models and celebrities, and therefore perceive the images the
23、y share to be more unrealistic. “This is not just confined to body image though. We all have one area in our lives that triggers(触发)us. Maybe youve been searching for a new job for months and you find yourself on social media, envying your school friend who just landed their dream role. Maybe. . . A
24、ll this is to say the obvious: we only see part of peoples lives -and if its getting you down, youre probably comparing your insides to other peoples outsides. Everyone has their struggles and life is indeed not perfect for anyone. So, put down your phone, get offline, be thankful and try to live yo
25、ur own life.8. What did the new study find?A. Social media invites unfavorable comments.B. Friends posts affect us more than celebrities.C. Celebrities have a negative influence on our life.D. Body image causes more concern than social life.9Why are we more likely to compare with our friends accordi
26、ng to Swami?A. They serve as role models.B. We know the way they live. ,C. Their lifestyles are accessible.D. We are curious about their life.10. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 6 probably mean?A. Restricted.B. Related.C. Devoted.D. Exposed.11. What does the author suggest people do?A. Fi
27、nd your dream and fight for it.B. Stop comparing and be yourself.C. Be grateful and lead a perfect life.D. Stop complaining and get down to work.DGiven that the dictionary definition of curiosity is “the desire to know something”, it may be of little surprise that much research has concerned its ben
28、efits for education. Consider a study at the University of California at Davis in 2014. The researchers first asked each participant to rate their curiosity about learning the answers to a series of questions, such as “What does the term dinosaur actually mean?” The participants then lay in an fMRI
29、brain scanner (扫描仪) while the same questions were presented, followed shortly after by the answers. The participants were then tested on their recollection of the facts an hour later. The effects of curiosity on later recall were striking. When the participants were highly curious about a fact, they
30、 were 30% more likely to recall it. And this seemed to correspond to heightened activity in areas of the midbrain that release dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine is normally associated with reward, but animal studies suggest that it can also enhance the formation of new neural(神经的) connections. It looked as i
31、f the feeling of curiosity was helping prepare the brain to absorb the new and important information, and this then resulted in a more stable memory. Interestingly, the researchers found that the dopamine hit, arising from initial curiosity, could even enhance the memory of incidental information th
32、at had no direct relevance to the primary question. To demonstrate this, they had presented random faces alongside the answers to the questions and, an hour later, checked whether the participants still recognized the faces. The analyses showed that the participants were far more likely to remember
33、the face if it had accompanied a question that had awakened their curiosity. This additional, and unexpected, memory boost could be extremely useful whenever were trying to learn something new and complicated. Were unlikely, after all, to find every single element of our studies interesting. But if
34、we can develop some curiosity about at least some of the facts, we may find that the rest of the material also sticks far more easily.12. Which aspect of curiosity did the study focus on?A. Its scientific definition.B. Its unique characteristics.C. Its influences on memory.D. Its benefits for brain
35、health.13. What was the purpose of presenting questions to the participants first?A. To assess their learning ability.BTo awaken their passion for learning.C. To measure their curiosity about the questions.D. To refresh their memory of extinct wild animals.14. What can be learned about dopamine acco
36、rding to Paragraph 3?A. It blocks memory.B. It facilitates learning.C. It promotes friendship.D. It cures neural disorder.15Which message about learning does the unexpected finding deliver?A. Generate interest in study.B. Locus on essential information.C. Make learning materials related.D. Attach im
37、portance to memorization.第二节(共5小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Camping Tips &Tricks for a Fun TripMany people idealize camping trips as being this easy, effortless encounter with destinations rich with natural landscapes and nights under the stars twinkling in the sk
38、y above. _16_ Thats why weve prepared the best camping tips for you!Plan accordingly, and then plan again. When youre out in the middle of nowhere, you have to be equipped to natures challenges. _17_ Therefore, a plan for unexpected weather changes is essential to a successful camping trip. For exam
39、ple, consider packing extra suppliers like blankets. While that might seem like a huge inconvenience, the biggest and real issue occurs when you need something you dont have. Know what you need._18_ Not all beginner campers will need the top-of-the-line, latest supplies. But you should have at least
40、 the basics! That includes a decent tent with enough room for people camping with you, a good sleeping bag appropriate for the season, and other supplies like food and water. Youd better create a convenient checklist that lays out everything that you should consider. _19_ When youre far away from th
41、e major conveniences we rely upon like an urgent care center, police stations, and emergency rooms, you should always remember that safety is your first priority! _20_ A first aid kit is a great starting point, but its certainly not the end of maximizing your safety efforts. Depending on where you p
42、lan to camp, youll want to grab these items that cover you in most emergency situations: a pocket knife, a fire starter, and a safety whistle. Ready to go camping? Now you know what to expect and how to prepare for your next camping trip, so you actually have funrain or shine!A. Always choose a safe
43、 campsite.B. Never leave home without safety in mind. C. We encourage you to create a safety supply kit. D. Camping doesnt have to be complicated or expensive.E. A clear 3-day forecast can easily shift into a sudden heavy rain.F. To maximize your comfort, always bring appropriate clothes for cold an
44、d rain.G. But for beginner campers, those expectations can rapidly turn into a mess of reality.第三部分语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Growing up, my parents never forced me and my brother out of our house in Hounslow, but we werent _21_ to live there fore
45、ver. My family always had a special _22_ for me. Our parents encouraged us to spend time together: meals were eaten as a family and TV viewing was _23_. When I went to university at 18, I knew my messy student apartments were _24_-my real home was back in Hounslow and I was _25_ that I could return
46、whenever I wanted to. When I was 19, my mum passed away. In the following months, I would come back _26_ checking in on my dad and _27_ him to go shopping and start cooking proper meals. Three years later, I was _28_ and I moved back. As I looked for work, I would _29_ the meals were eaten together.
47、 _30_, two sad men living in a house are less of a family. My dad wanted me to get on and live my life rather than stay trapped in our sorrow. Eventually, in 2018, I got a _31_. It was time for me to gain _32_, and I packed up and left. Next year will be 10 years since my mum died. Our family home i
48、s _33_. My mums pictures have been replaced with new photographs; her clothes and scent are gone. But, I am _34_ that things have become different. Ive realized that the home my mum created isnt just a(n) _35_- it is something she instilled (灌输) in us.21. A. encouragedB. remindedC. allowedD. persuaded22. A. planB. pullC. requestD. pressure23. A. guaranteedB. sharedC. favoredD. scheduled24. A. inconvenientB
