1、1OutlinepIntroductionpPapers ReviewpMotivation and PurposepMaterials and MethodspPreliminary ResultspFuture WorkspReferences2IntroductionpDiabetes in TaiwannAmong the population over 65 years oldp20%of they are diabeticpTen major causes of death in 2007nhttp:/www.doh.gov.tw/順位所有死因死亡人數(人)佔總死亡人數之百分比(%
2、)比較與前年之百分率12345678910惡性腫瘤Malignant neoplasms心臟疾病Heart disease腦血管疾病Cerebrovascular disease糖尿病Diabetes mellitus事故傷害Accidents and adverse effects肺炎Pneumonia慢性肝病及肝硬化Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis腎炎、腎徵候群及腎性病變Nephritis,nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis自殺Suicide高血壓性疾病Hypertensive disease403061300312875
3、1023171305895516050993933197728.19.39.27.35.14.23.73.62.81.40.00.0+0.1+0.1-0.8+0.20.0+0.1-0.5+0.1Diabetes 糖尿病3IntroductionpWhat is diabetes?nDiabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin.pType IpType IIpType IIIpOther pComplication of DiabetesnPathological changepN
4、erve pEyespHeart vesselpKidneypInfection of the footEyes Pathological changeInfection of the footpathological changeDiabetes Diabetes 糖尿病糖尿病4IntroductionpInspectionnComputed Tomography（CT）nMagnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)nDigital Subtraction Angiography（DSA）CTMRIDSA電腦斷層掃描電腦斷層掃描磁振造影磁振造影數位減法血管攝影數位減法血管攝
5、影5Paper Reviews(1)pComparison of Major Biometrics Methods:good,:normal,:insufficientJunichi Hashimoto,”Finger Vein Authentication Technology and its Future”,IEEE Trans.Med.Imaging,2006.6Paper Reviews(1)pFinger Vein Imaging MethodLight Reflection MethodLight Transmission MethodJunichi Hashimoto,”Fing
6、er Vein Authentication Technology and its Future”,IEEE Trans.Med.Imaging,2006.7Paper Reviews(2)pOptical window used for detecting the vein patterndeoxidized hemoglobin Hb 去氧血紅素oxidized hemoglobin HbO 含氧血紅素 Septimiu Crisan,Joan Gavril Tarnovan,and Titus Eduard CriUan,“A Low Cost Vein Detection System
7、 Using Near Infrared Radiation”,IEEE Trans.Biomed.Eng,2007.Paper Reviews(2)pWhy do we select the hand?nIt is usually an uncovered part of the body and it has sufficient mobility.nIt has a reduced amount of hair especially in the front of the hand.nThe veins are closer to the surface than in other pa
8、rts of the body and therefore easier to scan.nThe vein pattern is intricate enough to allow sufficient criteria for positively detecting various subjects even identical twins.8Septimiu Crisan,Joan Gavril Tarnovan,and Titus Eduard CriUan,“A Low Cost Vein Detection System Using Near Infrared Radiation
9、”,IEEE Trans.Biomed.Eng,2007.9Motivation and PurposepTo design a low-cost and an easy-to-use 3D image system on the finger extremity and personal databases.10Materials and MethodspSystem Flow Chart11Materials and Methods001002003步進馬達控制電路006LED燈亮度調節器005007004001：攝像系統包括鏡頭與濾鏡。002：為觀察者手指放置基座。003：為一組平面之紅
10、外線LED光源。004：紅外線LED燈亮度調節器005：為2組齒輪。006：為步進馬達。007：步進馬達的控制電路12Materials and MethodspCamera ModulenCamera-UI-1220n752*480nbmpnLens-IDS-10nFilter Lens-B+W infrared Filter 093 nLight Source-IR LEDpNoteBookn1.66 GHzn512 MB DDR RAMnWindows XPnMATLABnLABView13Materials and MethodspStepper MotorClockwise Rota
11、tion A0110B0011A1001B1100Anti-clockwise RotationA1100B1001A0011B0110(KH42HM2 B021)六線式步進馬達,精度1.8 DEG,兩相激磁ABABBAABABBABAABBABAStepper Motor 步進馬達步進馬達Materials and MethodspRadon TransformlinetlinetdxdytyxyxftPtyxdsyxftP),(),()sincos(),()(function sincos),()(之作用可改寫為與互相轉換經由直角座標與極座標xyqppf(x,y)P(p,)Line int
12、egral projection P(p,)of the two-dimensional Radon transform.14上式的就是所謂f(x,y)的Radon Transform Materials and MethodspFourier Slice Theorem 將上面固定角度所得到的 ，經過傅立業轉換，定義成)(tPdtetPStj2)()()(S將代入得到轉換回(x,y)座標系統得到15上式說明可看成為f(x,y)在的二維傅立業轉換即)(SFourier Slice Theorem 傅立業切片定理傅立業切片定理Materials and MethodspFiltered Back
13、-Projectionn(a)藍姆拉克 (Lam-Sak)n(b)謝卜羅庚 (Shepp-Logan)n(c)低通餘弦 (low pass cosine)n(d)通用漢米 (hamming)16Filtered Back-Projection 濾波反投影濾波反投影綜合上述原理，整個平形光束反投影演算法之步驟整理如下：(1)定義投影角度之個數 K 與每次投影之角度，其中0 180(2)測量投影,(3)尋找每一投影函數(即Radon轉換)，(4)乘以加權因子(5)加總布満影像平面濾波投影後之反傅立業轉換(反投影處理)Materials and MethodspFiltered Back-Proje
14、ction17dweStQtj2)()(因此經過濾波後之)(S其數學表示式如下：而物體函數f(x,y)則為 0)sincos(),(dyxQyxf)(tP)(S2/K Materials and Methods183D影像疊成 利用不同角度之平行光束的投影的Radon轉後，再經反傅立業轉換重建得到每一切面之斷層影像後，接著我們只要把每一切面之邊緣對齊或利用連續曲線密合(fitting)，就可以得到我們想要的3D手指血管影像 19Preliminary ResultsFinger vein acquisition moduleFinger VeinFinger Vein20Preliminary
15、 Results pUser Interface21Preliminary ResultspDifferent Angles of Images1354590018022Future WorkspTo distinguish arterial from vein on finger using developed system.pTo reconstruction the 3D image using developed system.23Referencesp政院衛生署(Department of Health,Executive Yuan,Taiwan,R.O.C)http:/www.do
16、h.gov.tw/p鍾豐橋，人體手足末端血管紅外線影像擷取與量化分析系統之建立，南台科技大學電機工程研究所碩士學位論文，2007。pJunichi Hashimoto,”Finger Vein Authentication Technology and its Future”,IEEE Trans.Med.Imaging,2006.pSeptimiu Crisan,Joan Gavril Tarnovan,and Titus Eduard CriUan,“A Low Cost Vein Detection System Using Near Infrared Radiation”,IEEE T
17、rans.Biomed.Eng,2007.pMoulay Akhloufi,Abdelhakim Bendada,“Hand and wrist physiological features extraction for near infrared biometrics”,2008.24 Thank you for your attention.Pre-processingOriginal ImageImage EnhancementAverageFilterBinaryMorphologyRemoveSmall RegionsMedianFilter26p所謂斷層掃描（tomography）
18、，是以大量經過物體截面p的衰減訊號來產生斷面影像。早在1917 年Radon 發表可以p從投影（projections）數據重建原函數的理論（Radon,p1917），即已奠定斷層掃描成像的數學基礎（Radon,1917；pDeans,1983；Kak and Slaney,1988）。傅氏切片定理（Fourierpslice theorem）（Bracewell,1956）告訴我們：物件函數的二p維傅立葉轉換空間被每一個測量投影所佈滿，唯有當傅立葉p空間完全佈滿時，才有希望找到唯一的物件函數。斷層掃描p成像技術如前所述是利用數學上的 Radon 轉換和傅氏光學p的理論發展出來的，結合影像重建理論和電腦高速的運算能p力使得產生高解析度的斷面影像更為可行。
