1、第二部分第二部分 专题语法专题语法 高效突破高效突破专项专项 1010 非谓语动词非谓语动词高频考点高频考点精讲精讲考点考点1 1 动词不定式动词不定式1.1.动词不定式的构成动词不定式的构成 不定式的基本形式为：to动词原形。有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身没有词义，动词不定式的否定形式是“not(to)动词原形”。考点考点 3 分词分词 1.分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形ing”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形ed”，但也有不规则的形式。现在分词有主动、进行之意；过去分词有被动、完成之意。3.现在分词和过去分词的区别 (1)在语态上，现在
2、分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如：a moving film一部感人的电影；the moved people被感动的人们。(2)在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作、过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如：developing countries发展中国家；developed countries发达国家。4.现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别 我们常见的动词如see，watch，notice，hear等，接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行。如：I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里
3、唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)I saw him go up the stairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成)5.易混结构have sb.do sth.，have sb./sth.doing sth.和have sth.done的区别 (1)have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体
4、动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如：The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。(2)have sb./sth.doing sth.意为“让某人/物一直做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义。如：The two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个男人让灯通宵亮着。(3)have sth.done意为“让别人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.，过去分
5、词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)未完成。如：The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。十年真题十年真题全练全练 非谓语动词在句子结构中起着重要的作用。中考对其考查主要侧重于对动词不定式的考查，其次是动名词，主要是考查一些固定搭配，所以对哪些词后跟不定式，哪些词后跟动名词要进行强化记忆，牢固记忆使用非谓语动词不同形式的句型。虽然近十年青岛中考中分词只是偶考点，但仍需掌握其基本用法。在单项选择、综合填空A和B、阅读表达、书面表达中均会把实义动词作为必考的重点进行考查。考点考点 1 动词不定式动词不定式1.2017青岛
6、，13题As a volunteer，the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital _A_ them up.A.to cheer B.cheer C.cheering D.cheered2.2016青岛，8题We have worked so long.Shall we stop _D_ a rest?A.have B.to having C.having D.to have3.2015青岛，11题The traffic signs warn people _B_ after drinking.A.to drive B.not to dri
7、ve C.driving D.dont drive4.2014青岛，19题You have worked for several hours.Youd better _B_ a rest.A.to stop to have B.stop to have C.to stop having D.stop having5.2013青岛，15题Excuse me.Could you please tell me _B_ my car?Sure.Park it right here.Ill help you.A.how to stop B.where to parkC.where to stop D.w
8、hen to park6.2012青岛，27题Lots of fast food restaurants use the color red _C_ make customers _.A.to；eating faster B.want to；eat fastC.to；eat faster D.to；to eat fast7.2011青岛，27题I often chat with my friends on the Internet.You are so smart！Will you please tell me _B_？A.how to do B.how to do itC.how to us
9、e D.when can I use it8.2010青岛，20题Which hair band do you like best，madam?I cant decide now.I really dont know _C_.A.to choose which oneB.choose which oneC.which one to chooseD.which one I should choose it考点考点2 动名词动名词9.2012青岛，23题Remember _C_ to my daughters dance show next Friday.Of course I will.Ill
10、never forget _ her dance for the first time last year.A.to come；to see B.coming；to seeC.to come；seeing D.coming；seeing10.2008青岛，29题Whats the matter?I am having trouble C who has taken my book.A.finding B.looking for C.finding out D.looking up考点考点 3 分词分词11.2015青岛，15题Listen！There_A_someone_at the door
11、.It must be your sister.A.is；knocking B.is；knockC.are；knocking D.are；knock猜押预测猜押预测1.Well do what we can _ the sick man.A.to help B.help C.helps D.helped2.I didnt hear you come in just now.Thats good.I tried _ the baby up.A.to wake B.not to wakeC.waking D.wake3.Though he often made his little sister
12、_ _ today he was made _but by his little sister.A.cry；to cry B.crying；cryingC.cry；cry D.to cry；cry4.I hope everyone can care about _ _ the environment and stop _ things.A.protecting；wastingB.protecting；to wasteC.protect；wastingD.protect；to wasteABAA5.Bruce practices _ _basketball every day so that h
13、e can be a better player.A.play B.to play C.playing D.played6.After she finished _ _ the story，Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.A.read B.readsC.to read D.reading7.I look forward _ _you soon.A.see B.seeingC.to see D.to seeing8.Jack hasnt taken his piano lessons for a long time.He is considering _ his piano course and spending more time on his study.A.to drop B.to throwC.dropping D.throwingCDDC
