1、专题一 名词 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词词义辨析的考查主要为语境辨析。其中主要涉及同类名词语境辨析的考查,包括地点类、称呼类、身体部位类、物品类、颜色类、国家及地区类、饮食类等名词的辨析。对于此类试题，考生应该按照类别来记忆。此外，有些题可以通过分析语境和逻辑关系确定正确答案。考生做这类题时，首先要掌握足够的词汇量，其次结合生活经验和常识，理解句意，推测语境，最后得出正确答案。甘肃中考常考的同类名词列举如下：甘肃中考常考的同类名词列举如下：类别类别例词例词地点类 hometown 家乡；city 城市；farm 农场；school 学校；symbol 象征；hospital 医院；
2、road 道路；gardens花园；zoos动物园；shop商店 称呼类teacher 老师；worker 工人；doctor 医生；driver 司机；student学生；king国王；pilot飞行员；waiter服务员；jumper跳高运动员；parents家长；dentist牙医身体部位类(2016省卷22题)eyes眼睛；noses鼻子；mouths嘴巴；fingers手指物品类(2015省卷53题)stamps邮票；novels小说；instruments乐器；magazines杂志1名词词义辨析名词词义辨析颜色类green绿色；yellow黄色；blue蓝色；orange橘色；r
3、ed红色；black黑色；white白色；pink粉色；purple紫色；brown棕色 国家及地区类world世界;country/nation国家;Asia亚洲;Europe欧洲;Africa非洲;China中国;America美国;Britain英国；Korea韩国;Russia俄罗斯；France法国；Germany德国；Brazil巴西；India印度；Japan日本饮食类orange juice橘子汁；orange橘子；banana香蕉；apple 苹果；tea茶；coffee咖啡；water水；fish鱼；milk牛奶；lemon柠檬；bread面包；beef牛肉；potato土
4、豆；tomato西红柿；moon cake 月饼；dumpling饺子；vegetable蔬菜考点小练1.Im a littlze hungry now.I only drank some this morning.A.bread B.milk C.banana D.noodleB2.The passengers safety mostly depends on the when the plane is flying.A.engineer B.pilot C.programmer D.teacherB3.Kate will arrive in Beijing.We are all at th
5、e to pick her up.A.station B.library C.restaurant D.hotelA4.I didnt send an e-mail to Mary because my is broken down.A.clock B.computer C.pen D.bikeB5.The Chinese saying“A tree cant make a forest”tells us that is very important in a football match.A.ability B.decision C.teamwork D.experience C6.We a
6、ll want to try something new,but finding the_ to start is always the hardest part.A.idea B.pride C.courage D.progressC7.The charity show was a big _.We have raised much money for Project Hope.A.success B.surprise C.suggestion D.stressA8.The two countries have reached a(n)_to share the latest informa
7、tion about science and technology so that they can develop together.A.achievement B.agreement C.suggestion D.conversationB9.Smoking is not allowed in this meeting .It is a bad behavior.A.room B.home C.house D.familyA2名词的数名词的数分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词的数主要考查可数名词单数变复数的规则变化和不规则变化。1 1.可数名词的复数形式可数名词的复数形式 规则变化表规
8、则变化表情况情况构成方法构成方法举例举例一般情况加-sriverriversflowerflowers festivalfestivals以字母s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加-esboxboxespeachpeacheswishwishes以字母f,fe结尾的词变f,fe为v再加-esleafleaves knifeknives wifewives lifelives加-schiefchiefs情况情况构成方法构成方法举例举例以辅音字母+y结尾的词先变y为i再加-esactivityactivities以辅音字母+o结尾的词若表示有生命的加-estomatotomatoesheroheroes
9、若表示无生命的加-sphotophotos不规则变化表不规则变化表构成方法构成方法举例举例改a为e型manmen,womanwomen改oo为ee型footfeet在词尾加-renchildchildren单复数形式相同（2017兰州28题）fishfish；sheepsheep；deerdeer；ChineseChinese；JapaneseJapanese常用作复数形式或只有复数形式trousers；glasses；thanks；clothes；goods;chopsticks;people其他特殊形式mousemice巧记口诀巧记口诀名词复数有规律,一般词尾加-s；辅音字母+y型,变y为
10、i加-es；ch,sh,s,x真有趣,全部都加-es；f,fe特殊记，一般字母v来替，-es在后别忘记；字母o来真神奇,有生命加-es,没有生命加-s。2.2.常见不可数名词的归纳与用法常见不可数名词的归纳与用法常见的不可数名词常见的不可数名词物质物质名词名词食物bread面包;meat 肉;cheese 奶酪;milk牛奶;water 水;wine 酒;oil 油自然物体soil土壤;sand 沙子;wood 木头抽象抽象名词名词情感joy高兴;friendship 友谊;peace 和平学科math数学;geography 地理;physics 物理;chemistry 化学概念popul
11、ation人口;knowledge 知识不可数名词的量的表示不可数名词的量的表示不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：a block of一块;a bottle of 一瓶;a group of 一群;a pair of 一组/双/对;a piece of一片(张/块);a pile of 一堆。短语a pair(piece)of+复数名词作主语时，中心词是a pair(piece),故谓语动词用单数；若是短语two pairs(pieces)of+复数名词作主语，则中心词是two pairs,故谓语动词用复数。单词可数不可数chicken鸡鸡肉exercise练习题锻炼experience经历
12、经验glass玻璃杯玻璃life生命生活paper报纸,文件纸room房间空间time次数,倍数时间wood树林木头,木材常见的不可数名词常见的不可数名词考点小练10.My grandma often tells me some interesting (story)before I go to bed.stories11.There used to be many (wolf),but only a few of them remain now.wolves 12.Dont eat too much sugar.Its bad for your (tooth).teeth13.My litt
13、le sister learned to make two (cake)yesterday.cakes14.I will go to the US for further study in three (month).months3名词所有格 分析甘肃近3年中考真题可以看出，对名词所有格在语法与情景对话、任务型完形填空、词汇中考查。如何判断名词所有格：1.当空格后为名词，且空前为形容词性物主代词时；2.当有两个主语时，注意判断某物是共有还是各自所有。类别类别构成方法构成方法例词例词有生命的名词有生命的名词在单数名词和不是以-s或-es结尾的复数名词词加sChildrens Day儿童节Lynn
14、s friend琳恩的朋友在以-s或-es结尾的单数名词词尾加-s、复数名词词尾加-their bosss car他们老板的车the workers tasks工人的任务类别类别构成方法构成方法例词例词有生命的名词有生命的名词表示几个人共同拥有某物时，只需在最后一个人名后加上-s，表示各自所有时，则需在每个人名后都加-s（2015省卷50题）Jim and Toms room 吉姆和汤姆共用的房间Jims and Toms rooms吉姆和汤姆各自的房间无生命的名词无生命的名词时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、机构等在词尾加-s或-todays newspaper今天的报纸ten minutes
15、walk十分钟的步行路其他一般用“of+名词”结构a leg of the table桌子的一条腿the wall of the room房间的墙类别类别构成方法构成方法例词例词双重所有格双重所有格of+-s所有格a friend of her mothers她妈妈的一个朋友of+名词性物主代词a little dog of mine我的一条小狗考点小练15.mothers are waiting for them at the school gate.Tell them to go there at once after class.A.Lucy and Lilys B.Lucys and
16、Lilys C.Lucy and Lily D.Lucys and LilyB16.Uncle Wang is an excellent engineer.He is a friend of .A.my father B.my fathers C.my fathers D.my fathersB17.music teacher is Miss Zhang and she is a very beautiful woman.A.Ann and her brother B.Ann and her brothers C.Anns and her brother D.Anns and her brot
17、hersB18.There is an MP5 on the desk.Whose is this?It can be my ,for she bought one yesterday.A.sister B.sisters C.sisters D.sistersB19.How far is your home from school？Its about two walk.A.hours B.hours C.hours D.hourB4名词作定语名词作定语针对名词作定语，考生须掌握以下两种形式结构：1.1.名词修饰名词名词修饰名词（1）作定语的名词一般用单数形式，变复数只需将中心词变为复数形式。
18、如：country music乡村音乐；girl student girl students女学生。（2）当man和woman作定语时，变复数形式时将中心词及man或woman 都变成复数形式。如：man driver men drivers男司机；woman teacher women teachers女教师。2 2.“.“数词数词-名词名词”修饰名词修饰名词(2015(2015省卷省卷4545题，题，20152015兰州兰州4545题题)（1）“数词-名词单数”形式，可将作定语的名词变为相应的所有格形式。如：a two-day holiday=two daysholiday两天的假期；a
19、ten-minute walk=ten minutes walk 步行十分钟的路程。（2）“数词-名词单数-形容词”形式。如：a 15-year-old girl一个十五岁大的女孩；a 10-meter-long bridge一座十米长的桥。考点小练20.Kate is girl.Shes very happy at school.A.a eighteen year old B.an eighteen-year-old C.an eighteen-years old D.a eighteen years oldB21.What kind of noodles would you like?.A
20、.Mutton and tomatoes noodles B.Mutton and tomato noodles C.Muttons and tomatoes noodles D.Muttons and tomato noodlesB22.We should wear when we play ball games.A.sport shoes B.sport shoe C.sports shoes D.sports shoeC23.This chair is not stable,so it has to be repaired.A.three-leg B.three leg C.three-
21、legs D.third legsA24.There are so many in front of my house.I often pick up apples from them in autumn.A.apple tree B.apples tree C.apples trees D.apple treesD5用所给名词的适当形式填空名词加-y（2017省卷79题）luck（幸运）lucky（幸运的）rain（雨水）rainy(多雨的)wind(风)windy(多风的,大风的)cloud(云)cloudy(多云的，阴天的)snow(雪)snowy(多雪的)名词加-nalnation(国
22、家)national(国家的)education(教育)educational(有教育意义的)tradition(传统)traditional(传统的)表示肯定意 义的形容词 （2016省卷80题;2016兰州92题）use(使用)useful(有用的，有益的)care(关心，小心)careful(小心的)harm(伤害)harmful(无害的)help(帮助)helpful(有帮助的，有益的)名词加-less构成 表示否定意义的 形容词use(用处)useless(无用的)care(关心，小心)careless(粗心的)harm(伤害)harmless(无害的)help(帮助)helples
23、s(无助的)名词变形容词规则表名词变形容词规则表名词加-ly（2017省卷71题）friend(朋友)friendly(友好的)love(爱)lovely(可爱的)名词加-ousdanger(危险)dangerous(危险的)humor(幽默，诙谐)humorous(有幽默感的，滑稽可笑的)名词加-ishfool(傻瓜)foolish(愚蠢的)Spain(西班牙)Spanish(西班牙的)一些以-ence结尾的名词，把-ence变为ent构成形容词difference(不同)different(不同的)independence(独立)independent(独立的，自主的)silence(沉默
24、，无声)silent(不说话的，沉默的)考点小练25.Each of us should read an (education)book during the winter vacation.educational 26.After the earthquake,hundreds of people became _ (home).homeless27.All of us hope the life in high school will be _(meaning).meaningful28.For getting a better job,we should develop our inte
25、rests and always learn more _(skill).skills29.Linda is very_ (friend).She never tells a bad word about others.friendly30.I am _(luck)to have the chance to attend such an important meeting.lucky6合成词词义辨析此类词汇是英语中常见构词法中的合成词，由两个或者两个以上的单词合成一个新词。此处罗列常见的合成词。如：合成名词：合成名词：（1）room类：classroom教室；bedroom卧室；bathroo
26、m洗手间；workroom工作室；reading room阅览室；living room起居室；sitting room客厅；washing room盥洗室；waiting room等侯室。（2）work类：housework家务；homework家庭作业；schoolwork学校作业。（3）man类：policeman警察；fisherman渔夫；chairman主席；postman邮递员；salesman(男)销售员；businessman商人；workman工人。拓展：其他词性的合成词拓展：其他词性的合成词合成形容词合成形容词：downhill下坡的；worldwide全世界的；goodlooking好看的。合成副词：合成副词：downstairs在楼下；hotfoot匆忙地；beforehand事先；forever永远。合成动词：合成动词：overthrow推翻；overcome克服。
