1、语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。当句子的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式用主动语态；主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式用主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式用被动当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式用被动语态。被动语态基本构成是语态。被动语态基本构成是“be+过去过去分词分词”。（1）被动语态的用法：被动语态的用法：当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或由于某种原因不必当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或由于某种原因不必提到动作的执行者时，要用被动语态，但在
2、译文里，有提到动作的执行者时，要用被动语态，但在译文里，有时要用主动语态才符合汉语的表达习惯。例如：时要用主动语态才符合汉语的表达习惯。例如：Football is played all over the world.全世界各处都踢足球。全世界各处都踢足球。（1）被动语态的用法：被动语态的用法：当我们要强调动作的承受者而不是动作的执行者时，当我们要强调动作的承受者而不是动作的执行者时，要用被动语态。要用被动语态。The Great Wall was built long ago.长城是很久以前建成的。长城是很久以前建成的。English is spoken as the first langu
3、age by most people in the USA.在美国，大多数人都把英语作为第一语言。在美国，大多数人都把英语作为第一语言。（2）主动语态变为被动语态的方法：主动语态变为被动语态的方法：主动语态句子里的宾语变为被动语态句子的主语。主动语态句子里的宾语变为被动语态句子的主语。主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语形式，即主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语形式，即“be+过去分词过去分词”。要注意使助动词。要注意使助动词be既保持主动句的时既保持主动句的时态，又要与被动句的主语在人称和数上保持一致。态，又要与被动句的主语在人称和数上保持一致。（2）主动语态变为被动语态的方法：主动语态变
4、为被动语态的方法：主动语态句子里的主语变为介词主动语态句子里的主语变为介词by的宾语，再把整个的宾语，再把整个介词短语放在谓语动词之后介词短语放在谓语动词之后,有时这个短语可以省略。有时这个短语可以省略。例如：例如：时态时态结构结构例子例子一般现一般现在时在时am/is/are+doneThe desks are made in China.（肯定句）（肯定句）The desks arent made in China.（否定句，在（否定句，在am/is/are后加后加not）Are the desks made in China?（一般疑问句，把（一般疑问句，把am/is/are提句首）提句
5、首）时态时态结构结构例子例子一般过一般过去时去时was/were+doneThe building was built ten years ago.（肯定句）（肯定句）The building wasnt built ten years ago.（否定句，在（否定句，在was/were后加后加not）Was the building built ten years ago?（一般疑问句，把（一般疑问句，把was/were提句首）提句首）时态时态结构结构例子例子一般将一般将来时来时will+be+doneA new school library will be built next year.（
6、肯定句）（肯定句）A new school library wont be built next year.（否定句，在（否定句，在will后加后加not）Will a new school library be built next year?（一般疑问句，把（一般疑问句，把will提句首）提句首）时态时态结构结构例子例子一般将一般将来时来时am/is/are going to+be+doneA new school library is going to be built next year.（肯定句）（肯定句）A new school library isnt going to be b
7、uilt next year.（否定句，在（否定句，在am/is/are后加后加not）Is a new school library going to be built next year?（一般疑问句，把（一般疑问句，把am/is/are提句首）提句首）时态时态结构结构例子例子含有情含有情态动词态动词情态动词情态动词+be+doneStudents should be allowed to bring mobile phones to school.（肯定句）（肯定句）Students shouldnt be allowed to bring mobile phones to school
8、.（否定句，在情态动词后加（否定句，在情态动词后加not）Should students be allowed to bring mobile phones to school?（一般疑问句，把情态动词提句首）（一般疑问句，把情态动词提句首）常用的使役动词常用的使役动词make,let,have等及感官动词等及感官动词see,hear,watch,notice等在表达主动意义时常用的结构是等在表达主动意义时常用的结构是make(see,hear,watch,notice)sb.do sth.，动词，动词do前面没有前面没有to，但在，但在被动语态中要把被动语态中要把to补上，即补上，即sb.b
9、e made(seen,heard,watched,noticed)to do sth.。2 注意事项1.含有使役动词或某些感官动词的被动语态含有使役动词或某些感官动词的被动语态He made me do the work.他让我做这项工作。他让我做这项工作。（主动，（主动，do前没有前没有to）I was made to do the work.我被派去做这项工作。我被派去做这项工作。（被动（被动,do前补上前补上to）2 注意事项1.含有使役动词或某些感官动词的被动语态含有使役动词或某些感官动词的被动语态类似：类似：Tom saw Lucy water the flowers last n
10、ight.Lucy was seen to water the flowers last night.They heard him sing songs in the room last night.He was heard to sing songs in the room last night.注：究竟有没有注：究竟有没有to，其实有个窍门：，其实有个窍门：“使役使役”动词前有动词前有be，则有，则有to；没；没be，则没，则没to。2 注意事项1.含有使役动词或某些感官动词的被动语态含有使役动词或某些感官动词的被动语态2 注意事项2.双宾句的被动语态双宾句的被动语态 My mother
11、gives Lily a pen.间接宾语间接宾语 直接宾语直接宾语Lily is given a pen by my mother.A pen is given to Lily by my mother.2 注意事项3.感官动词感官动词(look,smell,taste,feel,sound等等)用主动结构用主动结构 表示被动。如：表示被动。如：The flower smells nice.The cake tastes delicious.The watch looks beautiful.4.不及物动词不及物动词(happen,take place,break out,cost等等)没有
12、被动语态。如：没有被动语态。如：Great changes were taken place in China.()Great changes took place in China.()1.因为景色优美，白水寨每天都有人来参观。因为景色优美，白水寨每天都有人来参观。Baishuizhai every day because of its beautiful scenery.2.南沙建了很多新桥，因此交通更加便利了。南沙建了很多新桥，因此交通更加便利了。Many new bridges in Nansha,so the traffic has become more convenient.is
13、 visitedwere built3.信息可以被存储在电脑里面，并可随时提取。信息可以被存储在电脑里面，并可随时提取。Information in the computer and taken out at any time.4.下个星期一，我们学校将举办校园英语节。下个星期一，我们学校将举办校园英语节。The School English Festival in our school next Monday.can be kept/savedwill be held5.这种自行车是在上海生产的。这种自行车是在上海生产的。This kind of bicycle Shanghai.was m
14、ade in()1.His flight because there was something wrong with the plane.So he had to take the high-speed train from Shenzhen to Xiamen.(2019汕头潮南模拟汕头潮南模拟)A.was canceled B.canceled C.is canceled D.cancels()2.What a mess!The sharing bikes everywhere.Lets collect and put them in the right place.(2019汕头澄海模
15、拟汕头澄海模拟)A.throw B.threw C.are thrown D.were thrown()3.Zongzi to students for free in our school dining hall tonight.Really?That sounds cool!(2019江门二中二模江门二中二模)A.offer B.have offered C.are offered D.will be offered()4.Everything with sand after the strong wind last night.(2019佛山禅城一模佛山禅城一模)A.covers B.i
16、s covered C.was covered D.covered()5.A hanfu show in Museum of History next week.(2019辽宁沈阳辽宁沈阳)A.is held B.was held C.will be held D.has been held()1.It is said that one Greater Bay Area university in Guangdong in the future.(2019广东广东)A.will be built B.build C.will build D.is built()2.This is a book
17、 about the Terracotta Army(兵马俑兵马俑).It by a British scholar(学者学者)named Edward Burman.(2019粤西地区一模粤西地区一模)A.wrote B.will write C.was written D.will be written()3.Its reported that 31 of the brave young men in a big forest fire in Sichuan.I dont know who they are,but I know who they are for.(2019湖北宜昌湖北宜昌
18、)A.were killing B.were killed C.killed D.had killed()5.The 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing&Zhangjiakou.Chinese people have done lots of things for it,and Im sure it will be a great event in the world.(2019中山一模中山一模)A.should be held B.are held C.were held D.will be held()4.Im tired of cleaning the hou
19、se.Sweeping robots more and more widely today.Why not buy one?(2019湖北孝感湖北孝感)A.are used B.were used C.are using D.used()6.Have you seen the news recently?The person who left rubbish around the subway by the police.Subways are public spaces,so he got what he deserved(应受应受).(2019汕头潮阳模拟改编汕头潮阳模拟改编)A.caug
20、ht B.will catch C.was caught D.will be caught()7.The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge in 2018.We are proud of it.(2019天津天津)A.is completed B.is completing C.was completed D.completes()8.Do you know the famous artist in red?Sure.He to the art festival in our city every year.(2019广西贵港广西贵港)A.invites B.invi
21、ted C.is invited D.was invited()9.National Day celebrations for Chinas seventieth birthday in about three months.(2019甘肃天水甘肃天水)A.will be held B.will holdC.is held D.was held()10.China plans to send another spaceship into space.Wow!More and more secrets soon.(2019海南海南改编改编)A.are going to discover B.wi
22、ll be discovered C.have discovered D.are discovered1.上周上周，杰克当选班长后杰克当选班长后，他迫不及待地把这个消息告诉他迫不及待地把这个消息告诉 他妈妈。他妈妈。Last week,after Jack as a monitor,he couldnt wait to tell the news to his mother.2.这款新产品是用来快速加热食物的。这款新产品是用来快速加热食物的。This new product for heating food quickly.was chosenis used3.罗马不是一天建成的。罗马不是一天
23、建成的。Rome in a day.4.为了进一步美化校园为了进一步美化校园，下个月我们的学校将会种很多树。下个月我们的学校将会种很多树。Next month many trees in our school to make it more beautiful.5.根据奶奶的建议根据奶奶的建议，这汤应该煮两个小时以上。这汤应该煮两个小时以上。The soup for more than two hours according to Grandma.wasnt builtwill be plantedshould be cooked6.这款智能手机能够用来操纵汽车。这款智能手机能够用来操纵汽车。
24、This type of smart phone to operate cars.7.托尼外出旅行时托尼外出旅行时，他的宠物都由邻居照看。他的宠物都由邻居照看。While Tony was out for travelling,his pet 1 by his neighbor.can be usedtaken care ofwas1.C 考查连词。结合句意，前后表转折关系，用考查连词。结合句意，前后表转折关系，用but连连接。接。2.B 考查定语从句的关系代词。分析句子成分可知，此考查定语从句的关系代词。分析句子成分可知，此处为定语从句，先行词处为定语从句，先行词boys为人，且该在空在定语
25、从句为人，且该在空在定语从句中作主语，故用中作主语，故用who。3.D 考查代词。考查代词。others一般为单独使用；空格前有具体一般为单独使用；空格前有具体数字，故不用数字，故不用the other；boys为复数形式，故不用为复数形式，故不用another；后接名词，故用；后接名词，故用other。4.A 考查情态动词。情态动词后面用动词原形。考查情态动词。情态动词后面用动词原形。5.B 考查代词。作考查代词。作sell的宾语，用宾格形式的宾语，用宾格形式them。6.B 考查冠词。泛指考查冠词。泛指“一间公寓一间公寓”，且，且apartment的读音的读音以元音音素以元音音素/开头，用
26、不定冠词开头，用不定冠词an。7.D 考查数词。考查数词。floor是单数，因此此处指是单数，因此此处指“第五层楼第五层楼”，填填the fifth。8.A 考查动词。固定搭配：考查动词。固定搭配：spend some time doing sth.意意为为“花时间做某事花时间做某事”。10.D 考查时态。作谓语，且文章在叙述过去的事情，用一考查时态。作谓语，且文章在叙述过去的事情，用一般过去时。般过去时。9.C 考查副词。此处修饰动词考查副词。此处修饰动词shout，用副词，用副词loudly。11.B 考查宾语从句的引导词。分析句子成分可知，此处为考查宾语从句的引导词。分析句子成分可知，此
27、处为宾语从句，由句意宾语从句，由句意“警察记录下我们做了什么警察记录下我们做了什么”可知，此处可知，此处用引导词用引导词what。12.C 考查被动语态。结合句意可知，考查被动语态。结合句意可知，send与与I属于被动关属于被动关系，主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态。系，主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态。14.D 考查时态。句意：直到今天，我仍然为我所做的感到考查时态。句意：直到今天，我仍然为我所做的感到抱歉。表示对现在的影响，用现在完成时。抱歉。表示对现在的影响，用现在完成时。13.A 考查动词。考查动词。encourage sb.to do sth.意为意为“鼓励某人做鼓励某人做某事某事”。15.A 考查介词。固定搭配：考查介词。固定搭配：learnfrom意为意为“从从学习学习到到”。
