1、气道分泌物管理方法及临床研究气道分泌物管理方法及临床研究正常咳嗽的过正常咳嗽的过程程PCF:360-720 L/min 刺激 吸气 收缩 排出痰液痰液 产生产生痰液痰液积聚积聚痰液痰液排出障碍排出障碍药物治疗药物治疗气道分泌物管理方法气道分泌物管理方法护理干预护理干预护理干预护理干预模拟正常生理咳嗽:手动辅助咳嗽(MAC)机械性吸-呼技术 n(MIE)其他方法:体位引流、高频振动排痰、高频胸壁压缩.最佳策略:促进痰液向主气道转移,放大咳嗽效应最佳策略:促进痰液向主气道转移,放大咳嗽效应气道分泌物管理方法气道分泌物管理方法气道分泌物管理方法气道分泌物管理方法优点:方法简单、易于传授。缺点:操作者
2、的按压手法不当、力度过重会造成脏器损伤或者误吸。模拟正常生理咳嗽:模拟正常生理咳嗽:手动辅助咳嗽(手动辅助咳嗽(MACMAC)正负压快速转换,产生有效地咳嗽峰流速值,带出分泌物。1.深大吸气(正压通气扩张肺)2.负压呼气 肺内气流高速排出 推动分泌物、栓块向大气道移动扩张气管、支气管松动分泌物栓块充盈肺泡增加肺泡内压气道分泌物管理方法气道分泌物管理方法模拟正常生理咳嗽:模拟正常生理咳嗽:机械性吸机械性吸-呼技术(呼技术(MIEMIE)促进痰液移动n可以增加气道黏液转移速度 Chopra SK.Effects of hydration and physical therapy on trache
3、al transport velocity.Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;115(6):10091014.气道分泌物管理方法气道分泌物管理方法其他方法:体位引流其他方法:体位引流产生呼气气流n有学者认为11-15Hz可能会产生纤毛共振现象,增加纤毛的摆动力量,但无证据证实。Hansen LG,Warwick WJ,Hansen KL.Mucus transport mechanisms in relation to the effect of high frequency chest compression(HFCC)on mucus clearance.Pediatric P
4、ulmonol 1994;17(2):113118.n动物研究表明:若在吸气相振动治疗,将会导致松动的痰液流向远端气道,从而妨碍分泌物排出。Hardy KA,Anderson BD.Noinvasive clearance of airway secretionsJ.Respir Care Clin North Am,1996,2(2):323.气道分泌物管理方法气道分泌物管理方法其他方法:其他方法:高频胸壁压缩高频胸壁压缩产生痰液松动、液化及移动针对此种方式疗效的研究结论存在分歧n3-16Hz可以产生作用King M Zidulka A.Enhanced tracheal mucus cle
5、arance with high frequency chest wall compression.Am Rev Respir Dis 1983;128(3):511515.n1-8Hz增加痰液粘稠度Moores C,Hudson NE,Davies A.The effect of high-frequency ventilation on non-Newtonian properties of bronchial mucus.Respir Med 1992;86(2):125130.气道分泌物管理方法气道分泌物管理方法其他方法:其他方法:高频胸壁振动高频胸壁振动MIEMIE临床研临床研究究
6、可检索相关文献达数十篇,其中有代表性的文献:可检索相关文献达数十篇,其中有代表性的文献:文献文献1 1:J R Bach.Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation.Comparsion of peak expiratory flows with J R Bach.Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation.Comparsion of peak expiratory flows with manually assisted and manually assisted and unassisted coughing techniques
7、.Chest 1993;104;1553-1562.unassisted coughing techniques.Chest 1993;104;1553-1562.文献文献2 2:M.Chatwin.Cough augmentation with mechanical insufflation/exsufflation in patients with neuromuscular weaknessM.Chatwin.Cough augmentation with mechanical insufflation/exsufflation in patients with neuromuscula
8、r weakness.Eur Respir J 2003;21:502508.Eur Respir J 2003;21:502508.文献文献3 3:Effects of Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation on Respiratory Parameters for Patients With Chronic Airway Secretion Effects of Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation on Respiratory Parameters for Patients With Chronic Airway S
9、ecretion Encumbrance Encumbrance.Chest Chest 2004;126;774-780.2004;126;774-780.文献文献4 4:P Pillastrini.Study of the effectiveness of bronchial clearance in subjects with upper spinal cord injuries:examination of P Pillastrini.Study of the effectiveness of bronchial clearance in subjects with upper spi
10、nal cord injuries:examination of a rehabilitation programme invo-lving mechanical insufflation and exsu-fflation.Spinal Cord(2006)44,614616.a rehabilitation programme invo-lving mechanical insufflation and exsu-fflation.Spinal Cord(2006)44,614616.文献文献5 5:Miguel R GonalvesMiguel R Gonalves.Effects of
11、 mechanical insufflation-exsufflation in preventing respiratory failure after extubation:.Effects of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation in preventing respiratory failure after extubation:arandomized controlled trialarandomized controlled trial.Critical Care2012,16:R48.Critical Care2012,16:R48.文献文献
12、1 1MIEMIE可以有效帮助患者增加呼气流速可以有效帮助患者增加呼气流速文献文献2 2健康儿童的呼气流速 健康儿童应用MIE后的呼气流速神经肌肉疾病儿童的呼气流速神经肌肉疾病儿童应用MIE后的呼气流速对于神经肌肉疾病的患者,对于神经肌肉疾病的患者,MIEMIE比其他方法更能够提高咳嗽峰流速,在北美,比其他方法更能够提高咳嗽峰流速,在北美,MIEMIE被广泛应用于神经肌肉疾病病人中。被广泛应用于神经肌肉疾病病人中。儿童患者咳嗽峰流速对照组儿童咳嗽峰流速成人患者咳嗽峰流速对照组成人咳嗽峰流速文献文献3 3模拟了咳嗽效应,增加了气道的清除力模拟了咳嗽效应,增加了气道的清除力文献文献4 4文献文献5
13、 5总结总结n唯一一个能够模拟正常生理咳嗽的机械辅助技术。唯一一个能够模拟正常生理咳嗽的机械辅助技术。n增加患者增加患者FVEFVE、PCFPCF,对预防呼吸道感染方面是明显有效的,对预防呼吸道感染方面是明显有效的n预防拔管后引起的呼吸衰竭、避免再插管率。预防拔管后引起的呼吸衰竭、避免再插管率。n改善无创通气效果,降低住院天数。改善无创通气效果,降低住院天数。Vianello A,Bevilacqua M:Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation improves outcomes for neuromuscular disease patients with respiratory tract infections.Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2005,84:83-88,discussion 89-91.Bach JR,:Extubation of patients with neuromu-scular weakness:a new management par-adigm.Chest 2010,137:1033-1039.Boles JM,Vieillard-Baron A,Welte T:Weaning from mechanical ventilation.Eur Respir J 2007,29:1033-1056.