1、虚拟现实英文（优选）虚拟现实英文版The main content I OverviewII VR hardware and interaction devicesIII Virtual Reality and GIS networkIV Virtual reality technology develops V virtual environment modeling and tools VI development example:Virtual Campus Xianlin Campus of Nanjing Normal UniversityVII Prospects and Prob
2、lemsAppendix:ReferencesI Outline Virtual reality is the development of computer technology is highly crystalline and is reflected in the various fields in the application process,including not only graphics,image processing,pattern recognition,network technology,parallel processing technology,artifi
3、cial intelligence and other highperformance computing technology,but also involves mathematics,physics,communications,and even related to meteorology,geography,aesthetics,psychology and sociology.II What is virtual realityVirtual reality or virtual environment is generated by a computer having spot
4、feeling environment,it is a new interactive system.Virtual reality technology is essentially a highly realistic simulation of human vision in real life.Hearing.Action and other acts of interactive technology.Traditional information processing environment has been a people adapt computer,while todays
5、 goal or idea is to gradually make computer adaptation and people called for the adoption of sight,hearing,touch,smell,and body,gesture or password,to participate in the information environmental treated to thereby obtain an immersive experience.This information processing system is no longer based
6、on the onedimensional digital space,but on a multidimensional information space.Virtual reality technology is a key technology to support this multidimensional information space.III Virtual Reality FeatursImmersionInteraction ImaginationImmersionImmersion vAn artificial computer generated virtual en
7、vironment,this virtual environment is a threedimensional digital models constructed by computer graphics,programmed into a computer to produce realistic virtual environment,allowing users to generate an immersive virtual environment visually the feeling,which is a sense of virtual reality technology
8、 immersion(Immersion)or spot a sense of participationInteractionInteractionModel and the traditional threedimensional animation and virtual reality are usually generated by CAD systems is not the same,it is not a static world,but an open,interactive,virtual reality environment can influence by contr
9、olling and monitoring devices or users Effects,which is the second feature VR,i.e.interaction(Interaction).ImaginationImaginationVirtual reality is not just a demonstration of media,but also a design tool.It reflects the visual form designer ideas,such as when the front cover of a modern building,th
10、e first thing you do is for the buildings structure,beautiful idea to do detailed,in order to make quantitative,you need to many design drawings,of course,these drawings only insiders understand,virtual reality can put this idea into a visible virtual objects and environments,so that in the past onl
11、y with traditional sand table design patterns upgrade to digitalperview income that is perfection,greatly improving the quality and efficiency of the design and planning.This is the third category of VR has features that imagination(Imagination).IIII Virtual Reality classificaionDesktop Virtual Real
12、ityImmersive virtual realityAugmented Reality of Virtual RealityDistributed Virtual RealityNetwork Virtual GIS architectureX3D full name is Extensible3D(X3D early name is called VRMLNG,VRML Next Generation).Virtual Realityv Data storage device requirements,animation image storage requires a greater
13、storage capacity of the deviceVirtual Geographic Environments,is an avatarbased multiuser distributed intelligent threedimensional virtual environment,a digital geospatial phenomena and laws of a particular geographical environment with multichannelaware expression,calculation and simulation,integra
14、ted management of the Earth can be used for multidimensional information and multimedia integrated publishing,interactive/innovative blend of style earth science research,and other distributed collaborative planning,design and decisionmaking.II VR hardware and interaction devicesHighperformance comp
15、uter system processing technology includes data conversion and data preprocessing technologies;realtime,realistic graphics image generation and display technology;multidimensional information data fusion,data compression,and generate the database;multiple sound synthesis and sound space technology;i
16、ncluding command recognition,voice recognition,and detect gestures and facial expressions of information,including a pattern recognition;distributed and parallel computing,and highspeed,largescale remote network technology.Virtual campus is in the environment of computer,virtual reproduction of the
17、new campus landscape,through the helmet,3D devices such as a mouse,people can enter the virtual campus roaming,the beauty of the taste of the campus.v Image display equipment,so that the user has a sense of immersion can be immersive feel itself is a virtual geographic environments part.Adjust the s
18、ky,clouds and other environmental parameters;can also add the car and other mobile objects in the scene.Immersive virtual realityOther aspectsThe use of XML,we can achieve many GIS taskshave more clearNetwork Virtual GIS clientI IV The difference between virtual reality and threedimensional animatio
19、n Virtual Reality Three-dimensional animation A combination of digital virtual environment model based on real data from strict compliance with the standards and requirements of the project design,a scientific simulation systems.?Manipulator experience the virtual three-dimensional space,immersive.O
20、f scenes painted directly by the animators made according to the material or imagined together,and real environments and data have a big gap,belonging to demonstrate class works of art.?Presupposed observation path can not be changed.The operator can feel the movement to bring real-time scene change
21、s,walking scene,and personally arranged the scene,with two-way interactive features.Only one-way presentations as movie scene change,making the screen requires prior generation,time-consuming,laborious and costly.Virtual RealityThree-dimensional animationSupports stereoscopic display and 3D stereo,t
22、hree-dimensional reality.Does not supportNo time limit,can show a true and detailed,and you can export files in virtual reality animated video based on the same data can be used for the production of multi-mode body and publicity,cost-effective.Animation by the time limit,can not be detailed display
23、,low price.In real-time three-dimensional environment,adjustment support programs,assessment,management,information inquiry and other functions,suitable for larger complex project planning,design,bidding,approval,management and other needs,but also has a more realistic and intuitive multimedia prese
24、ntation capabilities.Only suitable for simple presentation capabilities.IV Virtual reality technology used IV Virtual reality technology used in the real worldin the real worldMany game makers,in order to make the game more realistic character movements,often will use the motion capture system.Virtu
25、al reality technology use in the film.Example:MatrixDisplay of goods(such as home,appliances,etc.)II II VR hardware and interaction devicesA typical system consists of virtual reality space data acquisition system,the human data capture systems,threedimensional display device,as well as threedimensi
26、onal control equipment and a computer system.Spatial data acquisition system,human data capture system in a virtual environment to establish space model;3D display device,a threedimensional control equipment belong to the same threedimensional interactive equipment,design and manufacture of 3D inter
27、active device superior performance is the key to virtual reality technology.Spatial Data Acquisition SystemHuman data capture systemComputer SystemsSuper graphics workstationsThree-dimensional control equipment3D display deviceCollectionAlternatelySpatial Data Acquisition SystemSpatial data acquisit
28、ion system to obtain timely spatial data through satellite remote sensing,aerial remote sensing and global positioning systems,and establishing an accurate and reliable virtual reality space environment.Remote sensing is an advantage of the inherent characteristics of electromagnetic radiation refle
29、cted from an object and through implementation of electromagnetic waves,there are technical environmental conditions and object recognition object.Human data capture systemHuman data capture device that can record the body of practical data and actions,including the body movements,facial expressions
30、,physiological index,smell and voice.psychology and sociology.The use of XML,we can achieve many GIS tasksransport,tourismVirtual RealityHuman data capture system1;GIS software Arcinfo7.(2)meta database construction include:aerial scale denominator;Gao Hang;aerial camera focal length;aerial units;da
31、te of aerial photography;aerial;number of aerial images;Gauss Kruger projection with a number;zones;central meridian and standard parallels.wrl#VRML V2.To this end,we need more research on how to improve communication modes between people and enhance various exchanges avatar in virtual geographic en
32、vironments between.Seeing and hearing other information sources may be coworkers to communicate what the real attitudes and emotions,is an important part of communication between coworkers in virtual geographic environments,and analysis of geographic data in planning and decisionmaking also plays a
33、very important effect.Road Tools（Standard road generation toolVII Prospects and ProblemsSpatial Data Acquisition SystemFlight Open format and APIsJava network and platform independence as well as its strong support for the threedimensional graphics,so he occupied an important position in the future
34、development of the market in the threedimensional.v Simulation real time interactionv The expression of feelings,including the human hearing,the visual,the tactile,the taste and the smell computer Express3D display deviceHardware and software environmentInteractive 3D EquipmentCommon 3D display devi
35、ce and stereoscopic helmet mounted display glasses.Helmet mounted display with threedimensional drawing techniques to produce two spaced apart perspective,and directly displayed to the user corresponds to the left and the right eye on two monitors.The new helmetmounted displays are accompanied by ma
36、gnetic position sensor,can measure the direction of the users line of sight,so the scene can change as the users line of sight and make the appropriate changes.Interactive 3D EquipmentA common feature of the threedimensional space control device is capable of controlling at least six degrees of free
37、dom(Degree of F r e e d o m),c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e threedimensional object describing the width,height,depth,pitch(pitch)angle,rotation(yaw)angle and yaw(roll)angle.Common threedimensional control device has data gloves,track ball,threedimensional probe,threedimensional and threedimens
38、ional mouse control lever and the like.The emergence of the data glove,virtual reality system provides a new interactive tool that can provide users with a very real and natural threedimensional interactive tools.Highperformance computer systemsHighperformance computer system processing technology i
39、ncludes data conversion and data preprocessing technologies;realtime,realistic graphics image generation and display technology;multidimensional information data fusion,data compression,and generate the database;multiple sound synthesis and sound space technology;including command recognition,voice
40、recognition,and detect gestures and facial expressions of information,including a pattern recognition;distributed and parallel computing,and highspeed,largescale remote network technology.III III Virtual reality and networks,GIS Virtual reality technology now combines the latest research results in
41、various disciplines,including the results of computer science,communication network technology,geographic information systems,remote sensing science and other areas.The main contents of this section:Virtual GISNetwork Virtual GISDistributed GISGeographical synergyIIII Virtual GISIIII Virtual GISDeve
42、lopment of computer science and humancomputer interface technology in graphics,especially the promotion of virtual reality technology for GIS provides a new analysis geoscience data and technology platform to explore issues,and promote the GIS technology with virtual reality technology and visualiza
43、tion fusion technology,expanding the multidimensional GIS,threedimensional GIS in particular connotation study provides new spatial data analysis models and new GIS application mode.Current international call this virtual reality technology and scientific visualization technology designed multidimen
44、sional GIS system called Virtual GIS system Virtual GIS(VGIS).IIIII Network Virtual GIS presentationIIIII Network Virtual GIS presentationCombined with the current direction of the virtual network is a GIS development.Combined with network technology,network virtual GIS not only for people to analyz
45、e spatial data and spatial problem solving network provided by the technology platform,through immersive virtual reality model for people to interact through virtual geospatial offers the possibility,thereby for the study of virtual geographical environment provides an ideal platform.Network Virtual
46、 GIS architecture1.A GIS is a virtual networkbased GIS,virtual reality system with the GIS Clientlinking provides a simple spatial analysis or to analyze the results of GIS into virtual reality system to support virtual reality system data format,for virtual reality systems to observe;2.Another virt
47、ual GIS is based on a distributed virtual reality system,extend the ability to support spatial data types in a virtual reality system,providing simple spatial analysis.The overall structure of WEB virtual GISFlight Open format and APIsImmersive virtual realityv Hardware(You can use XML to show VRML9
48、7 features)goals.To this end,we need more research on how to improve communication modes between people and enhance various exchanges avatar in virtual geographic environments between.In the virtual geographic environments,both user avatar can communicate face to face in the same virtual location.In
49、 order to improve the interactivity of the VR system,realistic and immersion sense in new sensing and perception mechanism,geometric and physical modeling method,high performance computing,especially in high speed image processing,and artificial intelligence,psychology,sociology,and other aspects ha
50、ve many challenging problems to be solved.Many game makers,in order to make the game more realistic character movements,often will use the motion capture system.wrl#VRML V2.XML full name in English is Extensible Markup Language,the Chinese translation for extensible markup language.1,IMAGIS,VR softw
