1、Unit 1 The Mass MediaGrammar and usage讲课人：讲课人：MaggieA Exploring the rulesRead the short life story of Joseph Pulitzer and find the sentences that use the past perfect tense.The first one has been done for you.Below is the short life story of Joseph Pulitzer.Find the sentences that use the past perfe
2、ct tense and fill in the box below.What do you know What do you know about Joseph about Joseph Pulitzer?Pulitzer?Birthday:April10,1847DiedAtAge:64JosephPulitzerwasoneofthemostprominent(杰出的杰出的)USjournalistsandpublisherofhistimes,whoinitiated(开创开创)thepatternofmodernnewspaper.Check your answers!1.He re
3、gularly visited the library and studied English and law-by then he had learnt very little English.2.by the age of 25,he had become a publisher.3.He used the same business strategy he had employed at the St Louis Post-DispatchbeforehadFocus on 基本用法基本用法Past perfect tense 过去完成时过去完成时 CONTENTS定义定义Definit
4、ion1234基本结构基本结构Basic structure基本用法基本用法Basic usage常用固定搭配常用固定搭配Sentence pattern She had learned some English before she came to the institute.她在来学院前已学过一些英语。她在来学院前已学过一些英语。He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.他说他在国外待了他说他在国外待了3 3年了。年了。过去完成时过去完成时主要用来表示在过去之前发生的事或做的动主要用来表示在过去之前发生的事或做的动作，即作，即过去的过去过去的过
5、去，通常与一般过去时连用。，通常与一般过去时连用。定义定义肯定式肯定式为为_；否定式否定式为为_；被动式被动式为为_。She said she had never been to Paris.她说她从未去过巴黎。她说她从未去过巴黎。I didnt know the way to Johns house because I hadnt been there before.我不知道去约翰家的路，因为我之前没去过。我不知道去约翰家的路，因为我之前没去过。The work had been finished by us before last Friday.我们在上星期五我们在上星期五前就前就完成了这
6、项工作。完成了这项工作。had donehad not donehad been done过去完成时的基本结构过去完成时的基本结构过去完成时的基本用法过去完成时的基本用法1.表示在表示在过去的过去的某一时间或某一动作某一时间或某一动作之前完成之前完成的的动作动作或或存存在的状态在的状态。Before we got to the train station,the train had already left.我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。Before I could say“thank you”,he had run away.我还没来得及说我还没
7、来得及说“谢谢谢谢”，他就跑开了。，他就跑开了。2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续延续到过去的另一个时间的到过去的另一个时间的动作，常用的时间状语有动作，常用的时间状语有by then,by the end of,by the time。By the end of last term,we had learnt 2,000 English words.到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。个英语单词了。They had lived there for ten years by then.到那时为止，他们已经在那住了
8、到那时为止，他们已经在那住了10年了。年了。3.表示表示愿望愿望、打算打算等的动词，如等的动词，如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。I had intended to meet him at the airport,but I had an important meeting to attend.我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。I had ho
9、ped to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away.我原打算今年去度假，可是我走不开。我原打算今年去度假，可是我走不开。(1)It/That was+the first/second+time+that从句从句，从句谓，从句谓语常用过去完成时。语常用过去完成时。It was the first time that I had visited the Great Wall.这是我第一次参观长城。这是我第一次参观长城。(2)It was+一段时间一段时间+since从句从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。，从句谓语用过去完成时。It
10、 was three years since he had joined the army.他参军三年了。他参军三年了。过去完成时用于一些固定句型过去完成时用于一些固定句型(3)在句型在句型Hardly/Scarcelywhen和和 No soonerthan中，主句常用过去完成时中，主句常用过去完成时,从句用一般从句用一般过去时，表示过去时，表示“一一就就”。Hardly had he got into his big office when the telephone rang.他刚进入他的大办公室他刚进入他的大办公室,电话铃就响了。电话铃就响了。No sooner had he arri
11、ved than he was asked to leave again.他刚到就他刚到就再次再次被要求离开。被要求离开。John left before I came home.约翰在我回家之前就走了。约翰在我回家之前就走了。He began to write a review after he watched the film twice.这部电影他看了两遍后就开始写评论。这部电影他看了两遍后就开始写评论。由于由于after和和before本身就能明确地表示时间的本身就能明确地表示时间的先后先后关系关系，故有时主从句均使用，故有时主从句均使用一般过去时一般过去时。如果时间如果时间状语由状语
12、由 before 引导，引导，主句主句可用可用一般过去时一般过去时代替代替过去过去完成时完成时；如果时间状语由；如果时间状语由after 引导，引导，after 引导的引导的从句从句可用可用一般过去时一般过去时代替代替过去完成时过去完成时。Practice1.Pulitzer knew that he had learnt very little English,so he had started to work hard at the language.2.Pulitzer was very hard-working.Quite often,when he arrived home at m
13、idnight,he was working for over 10 hours.3.For the time he was 25,Pulitzer had become a successful journalist and publisher.4.Many of the best reporters have worked for his paper before its failure in 1931.Circle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks below.Check your answers!P7 B1had workedByB
14、elow is a passage about the Pulitzer Prizes.Complete it with the correct forms of the verbs in the box below.win build intend award allowCheck your answers!P7 B2had builtwere awardedhad wonhas been allowedintended1.By about 6000 BC,people _(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.（2020浙
15、江卷浙江卷)2.Instead of getting down to a new task as I _,he examined the previous work again.(2020江苏卷江苏卷)A.had expectedB.have expectedC.would expectD.expecthad discovered直击高考直击高考3.I _ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldnt manage it.(2019天津卷天津卷)A.had hoped B.am hopingC.ha
16、ve hopedD.would hope4.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _(trap)in the mountains for two days.(2018北京北京卷卷)5.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _ _(carry out)in the past two years.(2018江苏江苏卷卷)had been trappedhad been carried直击高考直击高考out过去完成时过去完成时V
17、S一般过去时一般过去时FutureNowPastexpected/happenedwas现在现在过去的过去过去的过去过去完成时过去完成时VSVS一般过去时一般过去时 时间抽时间抽过去完成时过去完成时VSVS一般过去时一般过去时 总结总结一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时定义只表示过去的动作和事情过去的过去时间状语某一特定的时间：yesterday/in the past/just now/ago/in 1998by the time/before过去的时间点/already/yet/by the end of 当当两个或两个以上两个或两个以上接连发生的动作接连发生的动作用用andand或
18、或butbut连接时，按时间顺连接时，按时间顺序，只需用序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成一般过去时来代替过去完成时时 另外，在另外，在before,after,as soon asbefore,after,as soon as引导的引导的从句从句中，由于这些中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过过去时来代替过去完成时去完成时。注：过去完成时态与一般过去时态对比填空练习：过去完成时态与一般过去时态对比填空练习：1.By the time I got home,my son (finish)his homework.1.I_
19、(finish)myhomeworkwhenmyfathergothomeyesterday.2.I_(finish)myhomeworkat10lastnight.3.Thefilm_(begin)whenIgottothecinema.4.Thefilm_(be)onfor10minuteswhenIgottothecinema.5.Mybrother_(study)inthisschoolforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedthearmy.6.Helockedthedoorafterhe_(clean)theclassroom.finishedfinishedbegun
20、had beenhad studiedcleanedhave finishedSummary1.定义定义:过去完成时过去完成时主要用来表示在过去之前发生的事或做主要用来表示在过去之前发生的事或做的动作，即的动作，即过去的过去过去的过去，通常与一般过去时连用。，通常与一般过去时连用。2.结构结构:肯定：肯定：否定：否定：3.用于过去完成时的时间状语用于过去完成时的时间状语:by then,by the end of,by the time等。等。4.表示愿望、打算等的动词，如表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope,want等后接从句时等后接从句时,表示表示本打算实现而未实现的本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划愿望和计划。5.常用固定句型常用固定句型 It/That was+the first/second+time+that从句从句 It was+一段时间一段时间+since从句从句 Hardly/Scarcelywhen No soonerthanhaddone/hadbeendonehadnotdone/hadnotbeendoneReview
