1、Warming Warming up&readingup&readingWarming UplChineselEnglish lmathematicslphysicslhistorylgeographylphysicslbiologylchemistrybrainstorminggeophysicsbiochemistryastronomy biochemistry geophysics medicine_ the scientific study of treatment of diseases and injures_ the study of the chemistry of livin
2、g things_ the scientific study of the earths atmosphere,oceans and climate_ the scientific study of objects in space,such as planets,stars,comets and“black holes”astronomymedicinebiochemistrygeophysicsis the scientific study of the universe and the heaven bodies(such as the sun,the moon,and stars),g
3、as,and dust within it.eight planets many comets other objects A.地球地球 _B.木星木星 _C.火星火星 _D.水星水星 _E.海王星海王星 _F.冥王星冥王星 _G.土星土星 _H.天王星天王星 _I.金星金星 _EarthJupiterMarsMercuryNeptunePlutoSaturnUranusVenusThe earths atmosphereThe earths atmospherenitrogenoxygendioxidecarbonsurface vapour The earths atmospherePre
4、sentationHOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH?Pangu separates the sky from the earthNuwa makes human beings How many parts can the text be divided into?Two parts:Part 1(para 1)Part 2(para2.3.4)Water made it possible for life begin to develop.The development of living things.Energetic dustA solid ballExplode
5、atmospherewaterWater made it possible _for life to begin to develop.21 small plants in water3 green plants on land456 forests7892 shellfish and all sorts of fish4 insects(on land)5 amphibians(on land and in water)7 reptiles(on land)8 dinosaurs(on land)9 mammals(on land)_made it possible for life to
6、begin to develop.WaterLater _ appeared.land animals insectsamphibiansWhen plants grew into forests,_ appeared for the first time.reptilesSome huge animals,called _,developed.dinosaursWhen dinosaurs disappeared,_ became more important.mammalsA cloud of dust a solid ball presence of water on the water
7、 shellfish&other fish plants begin to grow on dry land insects and amphibians appear retiles appear dinosaurs appear mammals appearThe development of lifeThe development of lifesmall plants growon the water appearshellfish&other fishplants begin to grow on drylandinsects and amphibians appearretiles
8、 appeardinosaurs appearmammals appearExercisesRead paragraph 2 to 4 carefully and finish the following form.How life began on the earth1.small plants in water2.shellfish and all sorts of fish 3.green plants on land4.insects(on land)5.amphibians(on land and in water)6.forests7.reptiles(on land)8.dino
9、saurs(on land)9.mammals(on land)10.small clever animals with hands and feet 11.human 1.Because the water reminded on the earth.2.Because plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe.3.Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.4.The name is Pluto.Scientists now think
10、it is too small to be called a planet.5.Human beings caused global warming.Group workWhat problems have been caused by humans to the earth?How to protect the earth and make it a better place to live on?As a student,what little things can we do for the earth?Whether life will continue on the earth de
11、pends on human beings.Only if we care will we help,only if we help shall all be saved!ConclusionLearning about language Warming UpPrepare for“DISCOVERING USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS”.P.28Answer key for exercise 1:-enceun-presentcertainviolentfairconfidentpaiddifferentlikepatientkindpresenceviolence
12、confidencedifferencepatienceuncertainunfairunpaidunlikeunkind-al-istcultureartglobephysicsuniversechemistryagriculturebiologymathematicsscienceculturalglobaluniversalagriculturalmathematicalartistphysicistchemistbiologistscientistC A C BAnswer key for exercise 2:Answer key for exercise 3:fundamental
13、,astronomy,gave birth to,existed,As a result,atoms,prevent from,puzzleemotional words calm wordsAnswer key for exercise 4:violent angry rude shocked excited crazypatient gentle relaxing kind easy-going calmPresentation 主语从句主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）定义：定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一
14、。引导主语从句的连接词有：词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词连词that,whether；连接代词连接代词who,what和和which；连接副词连接副词when,where,how和和why。用法：用法：1)由由what等代词引起的主语从句：等代词引起的主语从句：What the teacher said today was quite right.老师今天说的话是十分正确的。老师今天说的话是十分正确的。2)由连词由连词that引起的主语从句：引起的主语从句：That they are badly in need of help is quite clear.他们急需帮助，这是十分明
15、显的。他们急需帮助，这是十分明显的。但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整但是这类句子在大多数情况下会放到整个句子的后部去，而用代词个句子的后部去，而用代词it作形式主语。作形式主语。3)由连接代词或连接副词以及由连接代词或连接副词以及whether引起的主语从句。引起的主语从句。Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided.他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。他们是否卖掉这所房子还没有决定。4)whatever,whoever也可引导主语从句。也可引导主语从句。Whatever was said here must be kept secre
16、t.这里说的话都应当保密。这里说的话都应当保密。Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。注意注意:上述例句中的主语从句都是放在上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免避免“头重脚轻头重脚轻”,常用常用 it 作形式主语作形式主语,而而把从句放在后面。把从句放在后面。例如例如:It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了这样一个错误她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾。真是遗憾。这样就构成了下面一些常用句型
17、这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)It is+adj./n.+从句从句 It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是遗憾的是 It is possible that.很可能很可能 It is unlikely that.不可能不可能 2)It+不及物动词不及物动词+从句从句 It seems/appears that.似乎似乎 It happened that.碰巧碰巧 3)It+be+过去分词过去分词+从句从句 It is said that.据说据说 It is known to all that.众所周知众所周知 It is reported that.据报道据报道 It i
18、s believed that.据信据信;人们相信人们相信 It is suggested that.有人建议有人建议 It must be pointed out that.必须指出必须指出 It has been proved that.已证明已证明.如如:It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.据信据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。底毁掉。5).用于用于It is important/natural/necessary/impossible
19、that.句型中句型中,主语从句应使用虚拟语气主语从句应使用虚拟语气,谓语动词用谓语动词用“should+动词原形动词原形”的形式的形式,should有时有感情色彩。有时有感情色彩。Exercises 1._ you dont like him is none of my business.2._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.3._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.4._ well go camping tomorrow d
20、epends on the weather.5._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.ThatWhatWhetherWhetherWhoever 6._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.7.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.8.The Foreign Minister said,“_ is our hope that the two sides will wo
21、rk towards peace.”9.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.ItthatItwhat1.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(高考真题高考真题)A.where B.what C.that D.how解析解析:what 引导主语从句引导主语从句,在从句中在从句中做做do 的
22、宾语的宾语高考链接高考链接2.The other day,my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.(高考真题高考真题)A.as B.which C.what D.that解析解析:I thought 是插入语是插入语,可以把它去掉可以把它去掉不考虑不考虑.what 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句,在从在从句中作主语句中作主语.宾语从句作宾语从句作at的宾语的宾语.3._ in the regulations that you should not tell other people t
23、he password of your email account.（高考真题）（高考真题）A.What is required B.What requires C.It is required D.It requires解析解析:“It is required that”是一个是一个固定句式，固定句式，it作形式主语作形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。引导的从句为真正的主语。4._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.高考真题高考真题 A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.T
24、hat答案是答案是C。“2000年奥林匹克运动会年奥林匹克运动会是否在北京举行还不知道。是否在北京举行还不知道。”5._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.高考真题高考真题 A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter答案是答案是C。“他在会上的发言使到会的他在会上的发言使到会的每一个人都感到惊讶。每一个人都感到惊讶。”what 表示表示“(所说的话所说的话)”,相当于相当于The words(that+/which)he said at the meeting6._ leaves the ro
25、om last ought to turn off the light.高考真题高考真题 A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who答案是答案是C。“谁最后离开房间应关灯。谁最后离开房间应关灯。”whoever意为意为“无论谁无论谁”,引导主语从句引导主语从句,并在从句中作主语。并在从句中作主语。若选若选A或或B,anyone或或the person 后应回后应回who,使其成使其成为由为由who引导的定语从句引导的定语从句,修饰修饰anyone 或或person.注：这些词还可引导副词性从句。注：这些词还可引导副词性从句。7._ he has become a
26、 rich man is known to all in our town.高考真题高考真题 A.Because B.That C./D.What答案是答案是B。“他变成了富翁他变成了富翁,这是我这是我们镇上下班人人皆知的事。们镇上下班人人皆知的事。”根据句根据句意意,须用须用that 引导的主语从句。引导的主语从句。that 在从句中不担任任何成分在从句中不担任任何成分,只起连接只起连接作用作用.8._ I need is more time.A.That B.What C./D.Which答案是答案是B。“我所需要的是更多的时我所需要的是更多的时间。间。”根据题意根据题意,应选应选what
27、 引志的主语引志的主语从句从句,what在职从句中作宾语在职从句中作宾语(what=the thing which).主语从句的关联词不能主语从句的关联词不能省略省略,故排除故排除C。which 表示表示“哪一个哪一个”,that 无词义无词义,都与句意不符都与句意不符,故排除。故排除。ConclusionHomework 1.Make use of different learning resources to have an inquiry study of subject clause,and summarize the rules of it.2.Do Workbook Exx.1-3
28、 on P.64.Using LanguageUsing LanguageWarming Up 1.Who is the first Chinese astronaut to go into space?2.What was the date when he circled the earth in space?A.November 15,2003 B.October 15,2003 C.September 17,2004 D.December 17,2004 3.Which country first sent people up to space?4.So far,how many cou
29、ntries have succeeded in sending people up to space?5.Who is the first man landing on the moon?Yang LiweiAThe Soviet UnionThreeArmstrong(America,1969)Presentationrocket 1.Who had a chance to travel to the moon?2.How did they travel to the moon?3.Was there anything changed on their journey?Questions
30、4.How many times would the force of gravity change on their journey?When?Which change would be the most powerful?What about his weight?Questions On the moonThe change of gravityThe change of gravityIn spaceVery strongDisappeared Very light Leave the earthOn the earthIn spaceOn the moonThe weight cha
31、ngedHe became very heavy.He had no weight and could float weightlessly around in their spaceship.He was about one-sixth of his weight on the earth.Read the passage and fill in the form.5.what happened to him when he tried to step forward?6.why was returning to the earth very frightening?7.How did he
32、 feel?Questions Last month I visited the moon with my friend.Before we left,I was told the force of g_ would change three times on our journey.Then we took off.As we left the earth,I became very h_.Gradually the weight l_.When I was in space,it d_.We f_ weightlessly in the cabin and I c_ _.When I wa
33、s on the moon,I was surprised to find out even walking needs lots of practice n_ _ gravity changed.The returning of the earth was very f_.We were amazed to watch fire b_ _ on the outside of the ship.gravityheavylesseneddisappearedfloatedcheered upnow thatrighteningbreak outFill in the blanks If you
34、want to visit the moon,what things you must prepare and what kinds of qualities you should have?1.Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping,an astronomer.上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友，上个月我有幸得到一个机会同我的朋友，一位宇航员李彦平一道去太空旅行。一位宇航员李彦平一道去太空旅行。Language points enoug
35、h的用法的用法:1）形容词作定语：）形容词作定语：enough用在名词前、后都可以。用在名词前、后都可以。I have enough time to do the work./I have time enough to do the work.我有足够的时间做此项工作。我有足够的时间做此项工作。2）用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度）用作副词修饰形容词或副词表示程度:enough一般放在形容词或副词的后一般放在形容词或副词的后边。边。long enough,fast enough,quickly enough等。等。但一般不说：但一般不说：enough long,enough fast,enou
36、gh quickly.The boy is old enough to go to school.这孩子到上学的年龄了。这孩子到上学的年龄了。3）用作副词修饰动词时也需放在动词之后。）用作副词修饰动词时也需放在动词之后。The meat is not cooked enough.肉炖得不够熟。肉炖得不够熟。If I had _(足够长的假期足够长的假期),Id visit Europe,stopping at all the small interesting places.a long enough holiday 2.Then we were off.随后我们就启程了。随后我们就启程了。b
37、e off =set off 出发；动身出发；动身 I am off today.我今天不用上班。我今天不用上班。We are off today.今天我们不上班今天我们不上班/今天我们不开张。今天我们不开张。与与off相关的短语相关的短语:see.off 送行送行 jump off 跳下跳下 give off 散发散发 show off 炫耀炫耀get off 下车下车take off 脱下脱下turn off 关闭关闭pay off 付清；还清付清；还清 3.When we get closer to the moon,we shall feel its gravity pulling u
38、s,but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths.当我们更接近月球时，就会感当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。地球的引力那么大。get close to 靠近，接近，指动态变化靠近，接近，指动态变化 be close to 距距.近，指状态近，指状态 The school is close to the post office.4.cheer up:欢呼，喝彩，感到高兴，欢呼，喝彩，感到高兴，使高兴。使高兴。当看到球队的到来，人群欢呼起来。当看到球
39、队的到来，人群欢呼起来。_ when they saw the team arrive.他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。他带她去听音乐会来使她高兴。He took her _ to _.The crowd cheered upto the concertcheer her up1).“A+be+倍数倍数+as+形容词原级形容词原级+as+B”.This tree is three times as tall as that one.His father is twice as old as he.5.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was ca
40、rried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。倍，因而我摔倒了。2).“A+be+倍数倍数+形容词比较级形容词比较级+than+B”The Yangtze River is almost twice longer thanthe Pearl River.长江差不多比珠江长两倍。长江差不多比珠江长两倍。The number of students in our school is th
41、reetimes larger than that in theirs.我们学校的学生数量比他们学校的多三倍。我们学校的学生数量比他们学校的多三倍。3).“A+be+倍数倍数+the+名词名词(size,length,amount)+of+B”The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。经过实验，这种细胞已经变得有那种细胞的三倍大了经过实验，这种细胞已经变得有那种细胞的三倍大了1.After the experiment,this ce
42、ll has become three times as large as that one.2.After the experiment,this cell has become twice larger than that one.3.After the experiment,this cell has become three times the size of that one.6.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.既然引力改变了，走路也的确需要既然引力改变了，走路也的确需要练一练了。练一练
43、了。now that同同since相似，语气较弱，强相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。调人们已知的事实。Translation:1.既然你忙既然你忙,就让我给你做吧。就让我给你做吧。Now that you are busy,let me do it for you.2.既然人都齐了既然人都齐了,咱们开始干吧。咱们开始干吧。Now that everyone is here,lets start work7.We watched,amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity inc
44、reased.我们惊奇地看着，我们惊奇地看着，随着引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起来随着引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起来了。了。amazed 是过去分词，此处做状语用是过去分词，此处做状语用 他进来的时候没有人注意到他进来的时候没有人注意到.He came in _.break out (战争战争,争吵争吵,疾病等疾病等)爆发爆发unnoticed它与它与happen,take place,come out等词的用法一样，等词的用法一样，是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。1)战争爆发战争爆发The American Civil War b
45、roke out in 1861.美国内战爆发于美国内战爆发于1861年。年。2)发生争吵发生争吵A quarrel broke out between them.他们之间发生了争吵。他们之间发生了争吵。3)(火灾火灾)发生发生 A fire broke out in his house last night.昨晚他家里失火了。昨晚他家里失火了。与与break相关的短语相关的短语:break down 打破打破;毁掉毁掉;破除破除;坍塌坍塌;坏掉坏掉break in 破门而入破门而入;打断打断break away from 脱离政党脱离政党;打破陈规打破陈规 break through 突围突
46、围;突破突破break up 打碎打碎;拆散拆散;分裂分裂;分解分解break ones word/promise 食言食言;说话不算数说话不算数Exercisestranslationtranslation1太阳系太阳系 _2及时，总有一天及时，总有一天 _3阻止，制止阻止，制止 _ 4依靠，信赖依靠，信赖 _5感到高兴感到高兴 _ 6既然，由于既然，由于 _7蔓延蔓延 _ 8一般而言一般而言 _9除了除了之外还之外还 _ 10.作一次太空旅行作一次太空旅行_solar systemin timeprevent fromdepend oncheer upnow thatspreadgener
47、ally speakingas well asmake a trip into space11熟悉，掌握熟悉，掌握 _ 12突发，爆发突发，爆发 _13增多，使繁殖增多，使繁殖 _ 14大气层，气氛大气层，气氛 _15随着时间的流逝随着时间的流逝_ 16与与不同不同 _17冷却冷却 _ 18失重地失重地 _19全球变暖全球变暖 _ 20地心引力地心引力 _get the hang ofbreak outmultiplyatmosphereAs time went/goes bybe different fromcool downweightlesslyglobal warminggravity
48、21产卵产卵_ 22在表面上在表面上_23两倍远两倍远_ 24非常幸运非常幸运_25向某人解释向某人解释_ 26靠近，接近靠近，接近_27出发，动身出发，动身_ 28促进促进的发展的发展_29从他们的体内从他们的体内_ 30做某事的方法做某事的方法_lay eggson its surfacetwice as far aslucky enoughexplain to sbget close tobe offencourage the development offrom within their bodymethods of doing sthHomework Collect passages
49、 about gravity.Prepare for speaking.Conclusion 附赠材料：怎样认真规划课堂上的每一分钟 假如你现在走进一位高效教师的课堂,毫无意外,你会看到学生一定正在忙着学习。这些学生虽然不一定整齐划一地干同样的事情,但他们手头一定有事做,而不会坐在课桌前发呆。相对地,假如你现在走进一位低效教师的课堂,你可能会发现并不是所有的学生都分配了学习任务,总有那么几个学生坐在椅子上无所事事。他们或许在打瞌睡,或许在做些违反课堂纪律的事情。总之,他们不是老老实实地坐在座位上听讲,而是急不可耐地挨过上课时间，显然,你已经知道,从上课铃到下课铃的整个课堂时段中,只有那些高效教
50、师才能保持课堂不被琐事中断,并且保证学生能够集中注意力。在高效教师的课堂上,没有一分钟被浪费,没有学生无事可做。也正是因为这个原因,高效的教师很少遇到有关课堂纪律的问题。那么,高效教师是如何让整个课堂从头到尾一直保持饱满的状态呢?他们仔细规划课堂上的每一分钟,以保证没有时间被浪费;他们仔细规划讲课过程,力求简明扼要(因为他们知道长时间维持学生的注意力是件很不容易的事。)他们为领先的学生着想,他们也为后进的学生着想。是的,教学是一件很费心思的事情,世界上不可能存在一种万能的教学方法,至少我还没听说过那些低效的教师在课堂上往往只是简单地给全体学生布置一项任务(而且很可能没有仔细考虑自己布置的任务是
