1、专题九细节理解阅读专题九细节理解阅读Passage 1(2018浙江,C)词数:292As cultural symbols go,the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Pi-quette Plant in Michigan a century ago,with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线)on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But eventu
2、ally Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road,behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture:the roadside diner,the billboard,the motel,even the hamburger.For most of the last century,the car represented what it meant to b
3、e Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel,the road movie,these are the most typical American ideas,born of abundant petrol,cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system,the 五年高考A A组组 201 2018 8年全国高考题组年全国高考题组largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbe
4、rt Hoover imagined an America with“a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.”Since then,this society has moved onward,never looking back,as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global eco
5、logical disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption,climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst,but hopes for the best.Friedman points out
6、 that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design,build and export green technologies for producing clean water,clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To expl
7、ain Americans love for travelling by car.B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D.To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.2.What has the use of cars in America led to?A.Decline of economy.B.Environmental problems.C.A sho
8、rtage of oil supply.D.A farm-based society.3.What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant.答案答案 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国汽车的发展及其对美国社会和文化发展的影响。1.B细节理解题。从文章第二段的The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of Ameri-can culture.可知,此处提到“hamburger”的目的是证明美国的汽车
9、对美国文化的影响。因此B项正确。2.B细节理解题。从第四段的The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知,汽车的使用导致了美国的环境问题。故选B项。3.C推理判断题。从文章的最后一段可知,Friedman指出绿色经济是保持美国强大的机会。因此他对美国的未来是“充满希望的”。故选C项。长难句长难句 原句:For most of the last century,the car represented what it meant to be Americang
10、oing for-ward at high speed to find new worlds.分析:本句是一个主从复合句。what it meant.是一个宾语从句。译文:在上个世纪的绝大部分时间,汽车代表了美国的实质高速向前去发现新的世界。重点词汇重点词汇eventually adv.最终abundant adj.大量的,丰富的interstate adj.州际的con-sumption n.消费Passage 2(2018课标全国,A)词数:260Washington,D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D
11、uration:3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the fa-mous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blos-so
12、msdisappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C.Ex-plore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour include
13、s bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hoursMorning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with
14、 the most interesting stories about Presidents,Congress,memorials,and parks.Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours(7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration i
15、n the heart of Washington,D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour in-cludes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped with refle
16、ctive vests and safety lights.1.Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.2.What will you do on the Capital City Bike T
17、our?A.Meet famous people.B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories.3.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A.City maps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safety lights.答案答案 语篇解读本文的题材为旅游类。文章为那些自行车爱好者介绍了四个骑自行车探索美国首都华盛顿的项目。1.A细节理解题。根据第一个项目中的Reserve your spo
18、t before availability可知,第一个游玩项目需要预订,所以答案为A项。其他三个项目都没有提及需要预订。2.D细节理解题。根据第三个游玩项目中的第二句话(知识渊博的导游会给你讲关于总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的最有趣的故事,让你开心。)可知,在这个游玩项目中你会享受到有趣的故事,所以答案为D项。3.D细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句话(所有的骑手都配备了反光背心和安全灯。)可知答案为D项。重点词汇重点词汇reserve vt.预订;预约unique adj.独特的;独一无二的词汇积累词汇积累blossom n.花朵 vi.开花minimum adj.最小的Passage 3(
19、2018课标全国,A)词数:284Summer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers,and select two activities they would like to do.Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school.Before choices are finalised,parents/carers will be asked to
20、sign to confirm their childs choices.1.Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A.OUT.B.WBP.C.CRF.D.POT.2.What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs.Wilson?A.Travel to London.B.See a parade and fireworks.C.Tour central Paris.D.Visit the WW battlefields.3.How long does Potty about
21、Potter last?A.Two days.B.Four days.C.Five days.D.One week.答案答案 语篇解读本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四项供学生选择的暑期活动。1.A细节理解题。题干句意:如果你想去野营,你将选择哪项活动?根据camping一词直接定位表格中第一项活动OUT。根据OUT中第二句(在达特穆尔你可以参加从划独木舟到野营的很多活动。)可知A项正确。2.D细节理解题。题干句意:在周二,学生们将和Wilson女士在一起做什么?根据Mrs.Wilson直接定位表格中第二项活动WBP。根据WBP中第一、二句(星期一,我们去伦敦旅行。在伦敦待一晚上后,第二天我们去法国北
22、部参观一战战场。)可知D项正确。3.A细节理解题。题干句意:Potty about Potter持续多长时间?由Potty about Potter直接定位表格中第四项活动POT。根据POT中第一句中关键信息stay overnight可知该项活动持续两天的时间,故选择A项。Passage 4(2018课标全国,A)词数:192Welcome to Holker Hall&GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car:Follow brown signs on A590 from J36,M6.Approximate travel t
23、imes:Windermere20 minutes,Kendal25 minutes,Lancaster45 minutes,Manchester1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail:The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth,Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities&airports.Opening TimesSundayFriday(closed on Saturday)11:00 am4:00 pm,30th March2nd
24、 November.Admission ChargesHall&GardensGardensAdults:12.008.00Groups:9.005.50Special EventsProducers Market13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival30th MayThe event celebrates its 22nd anniversar
25、y with a great show of the very best of gardening,making it one of the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day28th AugustHolker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged.For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market8th NovemberThis is a
26、n event for all the family.Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.1.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A.20 minutes.B.25 minutes.C.45 minutes.D.90 minutes.2.How much should a member of a to
27、ur group pay to visit Hall&Gardens?A.12.00.B.9.00.C.8.00.D.5.50.3.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?A.Producers Market.B.Holker Garden Festival.C.National Garden Day.D.Winter Market.答案答案 语篇解读本文是一篇应用文,介绍了到达Holker的方式、参观时间、参观费用和特殊活动。1.D细节理解题。根据题干中的from Manchester直接定位到文章How
28、 to Get to Holker部分中的Manchester1 hour 30 minutes,故选D项。2.B细节理解题。根据题干中的a tour group和Hall&Gardens直接定位到文章Admission Charges部分中的Groups:9.00,故选B项。3.D细节理解题。根据题干中的see a live music show直接定位到文章Winter Market部分中的enjoying a live music show,故选D项。重点词汇重点词汇approximate adj.大致的,大约的a variety of各种各样的recipe n.食谱anniver-sa
29、ry n.周年纪念日Passage 5(2018北京,B)词数:284Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空)CenterIf youre looking for a unique adventure,the Space and Aviation Center(SAC)is the place to be.The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.More than 750,000 ha
30、ve graduated from SAC,with many seeking employment in engineering,aviation,education,medicine and a wide variety of other professions.They come to camp,wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot,and they leave with real-world applications for what theyre studying in the classroom.
31、For the trainees,the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章).At Space Camp,trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets,learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟)flying to space with the crew from all over the world.The Aviation Challenge
32、 program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)of a variety of flight simulators.Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and land-survival throu
33、gh designed tasks and their search and rescue of a“downed”pilot.With all the programs,teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18.Families can enjoy the experience together,too,with Fam-ily Camp programs fo
34、r families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a weekthere is something here for everyone!For more details,please visit us online at.1.Why do people come to SAC?A.To experience adventures.B.To look for jobs in aviation.C.To get a degree in engineering.D.To learn more about medicine.2.To
35、 earn a Space Exploration badge,a trainee needs to .A.fly to spaceB.get an Aviation badge firstC.study the principles of flightD.build and fire model rockets3.What is the most important for trainees?A.Leadership.B.Team spirit.C.Task planning.D.Survival skills.答案答案 语篇解读本文是一篇应用文,介绍在太空航空中心的一些活动,人们在这里可以
36、通过动手操作和团队合作体验冒险。1.A细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话(如果你想寻求独特的冒险,太空航空中心是一个好地方。)可知答案选A。2.D细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话(在太空训练营,参加培训的人员在建造和发射火箭模型,了解太空任务并和来自世界各地的工作人员一起尝试太空模拟飞行时,能够赢得太空探索徽章。)可知选D。3.B细节理解题。根据第四段(在所有的课程中,当参加培训的人员在学习领导能力的重要性和参与更大的任务时,团队合作是很关键的。)可知选B。重点词汇重点词汇unique adj.独特的a variety of 各种各样的trainee n.接受培训的人词汇积累词汇积累hands-on
37、 adj.亲身实践的teamwork n.团队合作,协作Passage 6(2018天津,A)词数:332Fire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals.They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems,fire alarms,and fire extinguishers(灭火器).They also
38、 provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls.Whenever you move to a new area,you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的)fire alarm systems which in-clude fire ala
39、rm pull stations and pipes.Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors,smoke detectors and sprinklers.For your safety,never tamper with(胡乱摆弄)these systems.False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.Fire DrillsA fire drill will be conducted in
40、 your residence hall every semester.During a fire drill,please do the following:Take your room key and ID,close and lock the door to your room.Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit;do not use a lift.Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.Fire ExtinguishersFi
41、re extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment.Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so.Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situ-ation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.Misuse of a fire extin-guishe
42、r will result in fines.Smoke DetectorsA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room.Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings.Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:If your smoke detector is working properly,the red light should be on.If the red light is
43、 not blink-ing(闪动),contact residence hall staff immediately.Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke,inform your hall staff.1.What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?A.To provide part-time jobs for stu
44、dents.B.To lead the students to the nearest exits.C.To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.D.To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.2.What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?A.Pipes and smoke detectors.B.Smoke detectors and sprinklers.C.Fire alarm pull stations and p
45、ipes.D.Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.3.In a fire drill,the students should .A.rush quickly to a liftB.gather at the nearest exitC.shut the door and leave at onceD.wait for instructions in the hall4.What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?A.Using them wrongly results in punishme
46、nt.B.Irresponsible use of them can damage them.C.Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.D.Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.5.To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector,one should .A.contact the hall staff regularlyB.cover the things that burn easilyC.start the smoke
47、detector in a fireD.make certain the red light is working答案答案 语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。题材为消防安全类。本文就学生宿舍楼如何预防火灾从五个方面做了详尽的说明。1.C细节理解题。题干句意:预防火灾的专业人员的主要职责是什么?根据第一部分中的第二句话(他们巡查所有的校园建筑,检验并维护所有的喷水灭火装置、火警报警器和灭火器)可知,C项(检查并维护火灾预防设备)描述的就是他们的主要职责。A项:为学生提供兼职工作。B项:带领学生到最近的通道。D项:把老师培训成预防火灾的专业人员。这三项在文章中均没有提及。2.B细节理解题。题干句意:自动火
48、警报警系统包括什么?根据第二部分中的第二句话(大多数校园大楼内还配备了自动火警报警系统,包括热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷水灭火装置)可知答案为B项。A项中的“pipes”不包含在内。C项中的两个都没有包括在内。D项中的“fire alarm pull stations”不包含在内。3.C细节理解题。题干句意:在火灾演练中,学生们应该 。根据第三部分中的前两个黑点提示部分(带上钥匙和你的身份证,关上并锁上你的房间门。从离你最近的紧急出口马上离开,不要用电梯),可知,这时候学生们应该关上门马上离开,这与C项描述一致。A项:迅速跑向电梯。这与“不要用电梯”恰好相反。B项:在最近的通道集合。让你从这里马上
49、离开,而不是在这里集合。D项:在宿舍楼里等候指令。由第三部分中的第三个黑点后的内容可知,是让你离开宿舍楼在外面等候指令。4.A细节理解题。题干句意:我们对于使用灭火器了解些什么?根据第四部分最后一句话(错误地使用灭火器会导致罚款)可知A项正确。B项:不负责任地使用灭火器会毁坏它们。本部分第三句话指出不负责任地使用灭火器会对在楼内居住的其他人带来危险,故排除B项。C项:不正确地使用灭火器会毁掉整栋公寓。这个危害文章没有提及。D项:没有指导人员在现场是禁止使用灭火器的。这一点文章也没有提及。5.D推理判断题。题干句意:为了保证烟雾探测器安全运转,我们应该 。根据第五部分中第一个黑点后的提示(如果你
50、的烟雾探测器正常工作的话,上面的红灯应该是亮着的。如果红灯不闪烁了,立即联系宿舍管理员)可推断出,为了让烟雾探测器正常运转,一定要确保上面的红灯是工作的。这与D项的描述相符。A项中的regularly与原文的immediately不符。其他两项均未提及。重点词汇重点词汇inspect vt.检查;查看drill n.演习emergency exit 紧急出口result in 导致;带来词汇积累词汇积累staff n.全体职员;员工automatic adj.自动的detector n.探测器resident n.居民Passage 7(2018江苏,A)词数:187答案答案 语篇解读本文是一
