1、Project ManagementEngineering ManagementTony Ward&Noel Jackson(with Andy Jackson&Tim Franklin)Agenda Week 11.What is Project Management?2.Project roles&the responsibilities of the Project Manager3.Alignment of projects with the strategic environment15min break.4.Project Management processesa)Step 1
2、Design&Case Studies Week 24.Project Management processesb)Step 2 Verification including diagramming and risk management5.Change Management a people perspectiveNotable ProjectsBusiness:The great pyramid of KhufuThe great wall of ChinaTitanicApollo&Space ShuttleTacoma Narrows bridgeOlympics 2012Softwa
3、re Engineering ProjectMSc Group ProjectIndividual Final Year ProjectPersonal:Getting marriedBuying a houseMaking a cup of coffeeWriting a bookArranging a holidayArranging a romantic weekend awayMeeting your dream partnerThe heart of every project is the act of doingProjects are about doing something
4、 tangible or intangibleCharacteristics of a project About anything Any size Last any(agreed)length of time Cost any(agreed)amount Has deliverables(tangible or intangible)Involve any number of peopleProject Fundamentals1.Each project is a one-off activity2.Each project is unique3.Projects have a fini
5、te and specified duration4.A project causes and results in a change5.Each project has a set of defined and measurable outcomesManaging projects Formula does not work too many variables Requires a kit of tools&techniques Requires a mix of hard and soft skills Requires sensitivity to know what to do h
6、ow,when,where and with who and why.Definition“A project is a sequence of connected events that are conducted over a defined and limited period of time and are targeted towards generating a unique but well defined outcome.”Phil BaguleyUniversity of YorkProject lifecycle and role of project leader and
7、 team members Typical Project Lifecycle it starts withA bright ideaOr a requestTypical Project Lifecycle The key stages:Inception or Working up the Proposal(includes terms of reference and scope)Approval to progress?Definition&Planning Design Development Test/Prototype Training and implementation(Pi
8、lot/Roll-out)Post implementation reviewWhat is the importance of?Terms of Reference ScopeTerms of Reference give initial view of.Background to the work Objectives Deliverables Method of approach Timescales The deliverables The organisational boundaries The boundaries between this and other projects
9、What is out of scopeThe statement of Scope defines.Adams,S:in Meredith,J.R.and Mantel,S.J.Jr,(2000)Project Management:a managerial approach,4th edition,New York,John Wiley&Sons,p.540Terms of reference and scope protect against “Feature Creep”What is the overall purpose of the team?The overall purpos
10、e of the team is to.Deliver the objectives to agreed:Cost Time Quality Realise the benefits of the activity/project Review learning and reapply to next activity lifecycle The Project Team Leader The Working Group Leader The individual team membersWhat is the role and responsibility of?TIMECOSTQUALIT
11、YThe role of the Project Manager managing the time/cost/quality triangleManaging a project another perspectiveTeamIndividualObjectivesAfterJohnAdairWhats involved in running a project?The project manager will Assemble and manage the team Produce the project documentation including the inception docu
12、ment or proposal the business case/budget the project plan Monitor and manage progress Ensure deliverables are achieved within constraints of time,cost and quality.Other key aspects to managing a project Budgetary control Use of planning software The assessment of risk and managing a risk register I
13、ssue management and managing an issues list User involvement and consultation Communications Project authoritiesProject RolesProject sponsorinvestment decision-makerProject ownerwants end resultProject managercharged with achievingproject output undergiven constraintsTermsofreferenceImposedcontrolme
14、chanismsProject brief,allocationof fundsProject proposal,requests for funding,status reportsDesirable attributes of the Project ManagerDesire to delight customers and stakeholdersAccepting of challenges and responsibilitiesAction focused-not by avoiding critical or difficult decisionsDesire to make
15、best use of all resources-minimising waste in all activitiesGoal focusedHas personal integrityIs flexible about the route that must be taken to achieve the stated end-goalsHas aligned personal and organisational goalsDesirable attributes of the Project ManagerAbility to determine real customer needs
16、Analytical skills to turn data into informationTechnical skills to be able to comprehend the work and speak the languagesTeam skills,motivation and enthusingDelegation skillsGood personal time managerView progress in a balanced way(perception balancing)Is a good negotiator-resolving conflictsDesirab
17、le attributes of the Project Managerproblem solving and facilitating skillsa questioning mind-all assumptions,continuously“if you can keep your head whilst all about you are losing theirs”CARACredibilityAuthorityResponsibility AccountabilityWhat about the team members.?They do work!What about the te
18、am members.?ATTRIBUTESBusinessAwarenessLeadershipWorking withothersContinuousImprovementProvidingSolutionsPositiveApproachInfluencingDeliveringResultsUniversity of YorkAlignment of projects with strategic environmentManaging the delivery of strategy and business change through projectsWarning!Some c
19、hanges can/will be tactical but most should be strategic If you make tactical decisions without the guidance of strategic oversight you will lose directionAny change initiative should.Fit to the organisational strategy Support one or more of the following:Improved customer experience Improved shareh
20、older value Improved employee experience What Business factors can used to drive decision making(1)?Focus on initiatives which will deliver change linked to strategic plans.Focus on where change is most needed?Focus on business critical activities?Focus on where user satisfaction lowest?Focus on sta
21、tutory compliance?What Business factors can used to drive decision making(2)?Focus on initiatives which will deliver benefits to one or more of the:Customers of the organisation Employees of the organisation Organisation itself(in a corporate environment this would be represented by the shareholders
22、For each project assess whether it:is easy to deliver will provide high levels of gain/added value will require significant investment to implement carries a high risk e.g.is it complex and the downsides of failure significant?A simple spreadsheet to aid prioritisation.15 minute break.Next its over
23、to Andy Jackson for Step 1 design and case studiesProject Management Step 1:Design1.Define the project scope2.Identify the deliverables3.Break the project down into major activities4.Break the activities down into tasks 5.Estimate task durations 6.Estimate resource requirements7.Identify the depende
24、ncies between the tasks8.Draw up a provisional project network9.Check plan to ensure all activities and tasks are includedModule Case StudyYou are the design project manager within an Electronic Products Design and Manufacturing Organisation.You have been given the task of preparing the project plan
25、 for the Organisations next product,which is to be a pocket sized personal fm radio.The following is an outline of the product as stated by representatives of the customers this product is aimed at.We want a pocket sized fm radio that can be used for reception of the general fm band but in particula
26、r for reception of a special Olympics channel that will be created and broadcast during the 2012 Olympic games in London.The radio needs to be capable of reception of the complete fm band as currently designated with the usual features of a digital radio,buttons for up and down searching,buttons(whi
27、ch can be the same as those for searching)for incrementing up and down in frequency.The facility to select the Olympic channel simply should be included.Volume control,possibly tone control although this is not considered essential plus an output socket for an ear-piece are essential.Internal speake
28、r is not necessary.The ear-piece output should be stereo.It should be battery powered running off 2 penlight batteries and give an indication of when the batteries are getting low.The radio must be small enough to fit easily inside a pocket and come with a neck strap,possibly about the size of a pen
29、-drive but this is not a firm requirement.It should be light enough so as not to be noticeable to the wearer.It should come with earphones.Clearly a manual will be needed as will a guarantee,etc.We are not sure what kind of packaging should be used but we see this as a mass produce-able product so s
30、hould be able to be sold in any supermarket we already have agreements that it will be sold by Tesco and ASDA so this is a very high volume product.The estimated total volume is 1 million players.Shape and colours,well coming in a range of colours would be good,say half a dozen trendy colours and ni
31、ce and modern in shape.Define the Project ScopeRequirement CaptureSome things to think about:The product specification The physical environment&physical specification The electrical environment Product approval requirements Quantity and specification of prototypes Production documentation package Pr
32、oduction process,volume,unit cost,etc.Your first task-produce an outline project scope Detailed product specification in professional electronic engineers language!Defining the Project ScopeProject Requirement Capture-Key Points:Who are the stakeholders in the project?.and what do they want out of i
33、t?What does the business want?(might be financial in nature)What do the users want?Who are they?Can they be asked?What tasks will the product undertake?What facilities should it offer?What are its functional requirements?Can a performance specification be defined?What about parameter tolerances?Are
34、all the requirements quantifiable?What quality of product is desired?Defining the Product ScopeProduct Requirement Capture-Key Points:What prototypes are required?What is the target product cost?What is the production volume and rate?What production process will be used?How will parts be sourced?How
35、 will the product be packaged?What product labelling is required?Does the product need to comply with any statutory/other specifications or requirements?How will product compliance be assessed?Identify the DeliverablesNumber and build standard of prototypes?Number and build standard of type approval
36、 models?Design certification?Specification for process to ensure ongoing type approval conformity?Documentary evidence to support type approval conformity?Full production information pack?Full set of parts drawingsFull set of product assembly drawingsFull set of assembly instructionsFull set of test
37、 specificationsBill Of Materials(BOM)Production scheduleBreak the Project Down into ActivitiesWork Breakdown Structure-very useful&important documentWhat is it?The partitioning of a project into manageable units(or tasks)which can be individually planned,estimated and managed.A key principle of effe
38、ctive project management is:Manage a project by what is delivered not by someone elses opinion of progress.If you cant see it or touch it,it is not complete.Dont ask Hows it going,ask for the deliverableManagement by Deliverables5 Key Rules1.Define all tasks in terms of tangible short term deliverab
39、les(i.e.tangible outputs)2.Set delivery intervals at 5 to 10 days(3 weeks maximum)3.Obtain commitment from the developer on the schedule for deliverable creation4.Obtain confirmation from the customer(s)for deliverables and their schedule5.Monitor the progress of large deliverable creation with inte
40、rmediate analytical deliverables6.Define a process to formally inspect and accept the completed deliverableExample WBS-Creating a Website1.0 Website Project 1.1 Design 1.1.1 Select layout 1.1.2 Design graphics 1.1.3 Approve design 1.2 Content 1.2.1 Select contributors 1.2.2 Author contents 1.2.3 App
41、rove contents 1.2.4 Format content into pages 1.3 Development 1.3.1 Publish in test environment 1.3.2 Perform tests 1.3.3 Approve tests 1.3.4 Publish in live environmentExample WBS-Creating a WebsiteCreate a WBS for the Module Case StudyYou are the design project manager within an Electronic Product
42、s Design and Manufacturing Organisation.You have been given the task of preparing the project plan for the Organisations next product,which is to be a pocket sized personal fm radio.The following is an outline of the product as stated by representatives of the customers this product is aimed at.We w
43、ant a pocket sized fm radio that can be used for reception of the general fm band but in particular for reception of a special Olympics channel that will be created and broadcast during the 2012 Olympic games in London.The radio needs to be capable of reception of the complete fm band as currently d
44、esignated with the usual features of a digital radio,buttons for up and down searching,buttons(which can be the same as those for searching)for incrementing up and down in frequency.The facility to select the Olympic channel simply should be included.Volume control,possibly tone control although thi
45、s is not considered essential plus an output socket for an ear-piece are essential.Internal speaker is not necessary.The ear-piece output should be stereo.It should be battery powered running off 2 penlight batteries and give an indication of when the batteries are getting low.The radio must be smal
46、l enough to fit easily inside a pocket and come with a neck strap,possibly about the size of a pen-drive but this is not a firm requirement.It should be light enough so as not to be noticeable to the wearer.It should come with earphones.Clearly a manual will be needed as will a guarantee,etc.We are
47、not sure what kind of packaging should be used but we see this as a mass produce-able product so should be able to be sold in any supermarket we already have agreements that it will be sold by Tesco and ASDA so this is a very high volume product.The estimated total volume is 1 million players.Shape
48、and colours,well coming in a range of colours would be good,say half a dozen trendy colours and nice and modern in shape.What Resources are Required?For each activity what resources are required?People types(person hours/days of each type)Parts(what)Access to equipment/facilities(what)External subco
49、ntract(for what)Money(for what)How long will each activity take to complete Elapsed timeWhat activities must be complete before this one can start?Programme logicEstimating Task DurationMost tasks have a long-tailed profile of end dateSimple estimation formulaExample Resourced WBS-Creating a Website
50、Create the Activity Matrix for the Module Case StudyYou are the design project manager within an Electronic Products Design and Manufacturing Organisation.You have been given the task of preparing the project plan for the Organisations next product,which is to be a pocket sized personal fm radio.The
