1、 高考感悟高考感悟 A 组 单句语法填空 12019 全国卷书面表达Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating ( 聚 集 ) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _ (high) than they actually are. 答案与解析:higher 考查形容词比较级。根据空格后的 than 可知,此处应用 high 的比较级形式 higher。 22018 全国卷Accor
2、ding to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _ (long) than non- runners. 答案与解析:longer 考查副词的比较级。句中的 than 是比较 级的标志,故填 long 的比较级形式 longer。 32018 全国卷He screams the _ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. 答案与解析: loudest
3、 loudest 考查副词的比较等级。 由空前的 the 以及空后的 all 可知要用最高级。 42017 全国卷Even _ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 答案与解析:worse 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知,此 处表示程度的加深,所以用比较级形式。even worse“更糟的是”, 可以看作固定搭配。 5 2018 浙江卷6月There could be an even _ (high) cost on your health. 答案与解析:higher 考查形容词的比较级。根据 even 并结合 语境可知
4、, 此处表示“更高的代价”, 故需要用 high 的比较级形式 higher。 B 组 单句改错 12019 全国卷短文改错I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground._ 答案与解析:hardlyhard 此处表示“用力把足球踢回操 场”,应用 hard(adv.用力地)。hardly 意为“几乎不”。 22019 全国卷短文改错One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after se
5、eing a doctor._ 答案与解析:去掉 more 本句中 better 本身已经是比较级,前 面只需要 much 来修饰,表示程度,more 在本句中多余。 32019 全国卷短文改错First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly._ 答案与解析:coollycool 连系动词 look 后跟形容词作表语。 4 2018 全国卷I had done my homework, but I was shy. I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of
6、 people._ 答案与解析:largerlarge 词法错误。由语境可知,前后没有 比较的意味,故用原级。 考点研析考点研析 考点一 如何确定形容词、副词 1看到作定语、表语、或补足语,用形容词。 2看到修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语, 用副词。 He was more than just an English teacher, because he also taught me useful lessons in life.(useful 作定语) 2018 河南洛阳第二次统考Obviously, a good habit can help us to speed up t
7、o reach our destinations.(Obviously 作状语,修饰整个 句子) 即学即练 1 2020 河南郑州一中六次测试, 48_ (sad), people can no longer visit the cave. 答案与解析:Sadly 句意为:很遗憾,人们不能再参观那个洞 穴了。空格处位于句首作状语修饰后面整个句子,故用副词形式; 根据提示词可推知用 sadly 且其首字母要大写。 22020 安徽五校联盟第二次检测_ (tradition), food eaten on this day was renamed after parts of the dragon
8、. For instance, wontons were called “dragons eyes” 答案与解析:Traditionally 考查副词。空处修饰整个句子,故 用其副词形式,填 Traditionally。 32020 青岛质量检测The United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours sleep a night to stay _ (health) 答案与解析:healthy 考查形容词。此处表示成年人每晚需要 至少七小时
9、的睡眠来保持健康。stay healthy 为固定搭配,意为“保 持健康”,故填 healthy。 4 2020 安徽六校第二次联考The organization helps to organize events across America to make children feel _ (delight) 答案与解析:delighted 考查形容词。句意:此组织帮助在全 美组织活动,让孩子们感受到快乐。设空处前的 feel 为连系动词, 其后跟形容词作表语,表示主语的状态或特征,故填 delighted。 考点二 形容词、副词构词法 形容词变副词的后缀 (1)一般在形容词的词尾加- ly
10、 将其变成副词。 如quickquickly, slowslowly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly 等。 (2)一些以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词, 要把- y 改为- i, 再加- ly。 如 happyhappily, angryangrily, luckyluckily, heavyheavily, noisynoisily 等。 (3)有些以- ble 或- le 结尾的形容词,去掉- e 再加- y。如 possiblepossibly, terribleterribly 等。 (4)少数以- e 结尾的形容词,要去掉- e 再加- ly。如 truetru
11、ly 等。 但绝大多数以- e 结尾的形容词仍然直接加- ly。 如 politepolitely, widewidely 等。 (5)以- l 结尾的形容词要在词尾加- ly, 以- ll 结尾的形容词要在词 尾 加 - y 。 如 usualusually, carefulcarefully, usefulusefully, fullfully 等。 【注意事项】 (1)以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母 的名词,将其变为形容词时须双写词尾的辅音字母再加- y。如: sunsunny, funfunny 等。 (2)少数以不发音的- e 结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉- e,再 加-
12、y。如:noisenoisy, iceicy 等。 即学即练 12019 全国卷短文改错What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one._ 答案与解析: ordinarilyordinary 此处用形容词 ordinary 修饰 名词 cafe。 22018 全国卷My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved._ 答案与解析:
13、 happilyhappy 本句中 felt 是系动词, 意为“觉 得”,后面应用形容词作表语,故 happily 改为 happy。 32018 全国卷At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks,and mistakes as well.” Immediate,I raised my hand._ 答案与解析:ImmediateImmediately 修饰后面的动作
14、raised my hand,应用副词。 42017 全国卷They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together._ 答案与解析:earlierearly 考查副词。此处没有比较的含义, 仅表示主语习惯性的行为,故用原级。 考点三 易混淆的形容词、副词 1before, ago (1)ago:常用于一般过去时,它所指的时间从现在算起。 (2)before:常用于过去完成时,它所指的时间从过去某一时刻 算起。 2late, later (1)late adj.迟到的;adv.迟,晚 (2)later(也是 late 的比较级) a
15、dj.后来的,以后的;adv.后来,以 后 3however, therefore (1)however:副词,表示转折。 (2)therefore:副词,表示因果关系。 4常见的易用错的形容词和副词 (1)以- ly 结尾的形容词。 如: friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。 (2)意义有别的同根副词。如: close 靠近(通常指距离) closely 密切地;仔细地 hard 努力地;费力地 hardly 几乎不 most 最;(程度上)最大;非常 mostly 一般地;主要地 (3)表示宽、高、深的副词都有两种形式,以
16、- ly 结尾的表示抽 象意义,与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如: wide 宽地,widely 广泛地,如:be widely known 被广泛了解 high 高地,highly 高度地,如:think highly of 评价高 deep 深地,deeply 深深地,如:be deeply moved 被深深感动 5- ed 型形容词和- ing 型形容词 解决此类问题有两个切入点:第一,看语境表示的是“令 人”(- ing),还是“感到”(- ed);第二,看语境说明的是性 质特征(- ing)还是感受(- ed)。 即学即练 1 2020 沈阳监测Passing through sev
17、eral streets, we saw no one but only rubbish here and there. An hour later, I still couldnt bear to keep my eyes _ (wide) open. 答案与解析:wide 考查副词。空处修饰形容词 open,故用副 词形式;wide 本身就有副词词性,意为“完全地”。注意:此处不 能填 widely, widely 主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。 22020 山西孝义实验中学二模As the last name became _ (wide) accepted,the first le
18、tter was capitalized. 答案与解析:widely 句意为:随着姓氏被广泛接受,其首字 母被大写。设空处作 accepted 的状语,故填副词 widely。wide 也可 作副词,表示“充分张开”,因此此处不能填 wide。 32016 浙江卷When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late._ 答案与解析:latelater 句意为:当我还是个小孩子时,我爸 爸设立了一个定期的活动,对此我很多年之后依然记忆清晰。本句 中混用了 lat
19、e 与 later,前者为形容词“迟到,迟做”或副词“迟, 晚”,后者为副词“后来”。“一段时间later”表示这段时间之 后。 42020 山东、湖北部分重点中学联考Several days before, we held an activity in the schoolyard to learn and appreciate the history and art of Peking Opera facial masks. _ 答案与解析:beforeago 考查副词。ago 表示“从现在起若 干时间前”,需和过去时连用。before 指“从过去事情发生起到若 干时间之前”,常和过去完成
20、时连用。由下文对活动的介绍可知, 活动是几天前举办的,故此处填 ago。 52020 山西八校第一次联考Meanwhile, during every holiday, there are so much tourists in almost every scenic spot that it is difficult to admire the beautiful scenery and enjoy myself._ 答案与解析:muchmany 考查形容词。此处修饰可数名词 复数 tourists,故应用 many。much 用来修饰不可数名词。 62017 全国卷I enjoyed st
21、udying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music , and collecting the late music albums._ 答案与解析:latelatest 考查形容词的最高级。结合句意, 这里表示收集最新的音乐专辑,故把 late 改为 latest。 7Children is a time when there are little duties. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after, and loved no matter what he
22、may do. It is impossible for him to be given such much again in his later life._ 答案与解析: littlefew; suchso 考查形容词和副词。 (1)few, a few, many 用来修饰可数名词, 而 little,a little, much 修饰不可数 名词, duty 是可数名词,故把 little 改为 few; (2)so much/many.为 固定句型。 82020 沈阳监测I received an _ (amaze) look because he thought I was cra
23、zy. A Chinese workmate joined me. 答案与解析:amazed 考查形容词。空处修饰名词“look”, 形容人的表情,故填 amazed。 92019 武汉市 4 月调研Children receive red envelopes filled with money and inspiring messages from elders and are often allowed to stay up late to watch the _ (amaze) fireworks shows. 答案与解析:amazing 考查形容词。根据空前的 the 和空后的 名词词
24、组 fireworks shows 可知, 此处应用形容词修饰其后的名词词 组 fireworks shows,故填 amazing。 102019 全国卷短文改错I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. _ 答案与解析:interestinginterested become interested in 变得 对感兴趣。 考点四 形容词、副词比较级、最高级 1 “the比较级 , the比较级 ”表示“越越” It is believed that the harder you work, the
25、 better result you will get. 人们相信,工作越努力,得到的结果就越好。 2“the比较级of the two名词”表示“两个中较 的” Which is the better of the two universities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University or Fudan University? 上海交大与复旦大学,实力较强的是哪一个? 3“否定词比较级”表示最高级含义。 Mr Stevenson is great to work for I really couldnt ask for a better boss. 为斯蒂文森先生工作
26、感觉非常好,我真的找不到比他更好的老 板了。 4“the形容词或副词的最高级比较范围”表示在某个范 围内“最”。 She is the most active student in our class. 她是我们班最活跃的学生。 5可以用来修饰比较级的单词和短语有 much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal 及数字、倍数等,常放在比较级 的前面。 The hotel is rather more expensive than that one. 这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。 即学即练 12020 安徽
27、安庆二模Nowadays, not only does China have the _ (fast) growing modern cities in the world, but the landscapes are also truly diverse. 答案与解析:fastest 考查副词的最高级。句意:现在,中国 不但有世界上发展最快的现代化的城市,而且风景也多种多样。设 空处前有定冠词 the,且在句中修饰 growing,根据比较范围 in the world 可知,此处应用最高级形式,故填 fastest。 22020 山西五地市高三联考While some Florida g
28、overnment officials doubt whether the climate will become hotter or _ (cold), the people living in these locations are certain of the need to protect their communities. 答案与解析:colder 考查形容词的比较级。句意:尽管佛罗 里达有些政府官员怀疑气候会变得更热或更冷,但住在这些地区的 人们确定需要保护他们的社区。根据并列连词 or 及之前的 hotter 可知,此处表示比较意义,应用形容词的比较级,故填 colder。 3
29、2020 唐山第一次调研Als adult son, Ernie, however, is one of the _ (kind) men I have ever known. 答案与解析:kindest 考查形容词的最高级。句意:然而,Al 已成年的儿子 Ernie 是我认识的最有爱心的人之一。 根据 I have ever known 可推知设空处需用形容词的最高级。 42020 广东七校联合体第二次联考I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was _ (convenient) than
30、others. 答案与解析:more convenient 考查形容词的比较级。根据该 句中的 than 可知,空处用形容词的比较级。 52020 江西名校学术联盟质检,69Eighteen years later, were still here and doing _ (well)than ever. 答案与解析:better 句意为:18 年以后我们还在这里,并且 比以往做得更好。根据 than ever 可知设空处填副词比较级;根据提 示词 well 可知答案为 better。 62020 昆明质量检测If we can focus on encouraging kids to dri
31、nk more water a low- cost,sugar- free drink we can improve their drinking habits,which may allow many kids to feel _ (great) throughout the day and do better in school. 答案与解析: greater 考查形容词的比较级。 根据该句中的 and do better in school 可知,空处与此处对应,应用形容词的比较级。 考点五 连接副词的用法 连接副词 逻辑语意 意义 though 表转折 虽然,然而 yet 表转折 然而
32、,可是 however 表转折,其后常用逗号 然而,但是 instead 表转折或相反 相反,代替 otherwise 表转折 否则 besides 表递进 另外,而且 moreover 表递进 再说,而且 still 表递进 仍然,依然 therefore 表结果 因此 thus 表结果 因此 anyway 表让步 无论如何 Bicycling is good exercise; besides, it does not pollute the air. 骑自行车是很好的运动,而且还不污染空气。 即学即练 2020 湖北武昌区高三调研In my opinion, success lies in a series of goals. However, we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize our dreams._ 答案与解析:HoweverTherefore 上下文是因果关系,应用 表示因果关系的副词。句中有逗号与后面的句子分开,所以应用 therefore。