1、第四讲 形容词、副词和比较等级 高考感悟高考感悟 A 组 单句语法填空 1 2019 全国卷书面表达Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements， leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _ (high) than they actually are. higher 考查形容词比较级。根据空格后的 than 可知，此处应用 high 的比 较级形式 higher。 22018
2、全国卷According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _ (long) than non- runners. longer 考查副词的比较级。句中的 than 是比较级的标志，故填 long 的比 较级形式 longer。 32018 全国卷He screams the _ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. loudest loud
3、est 考查副词的比较等级。 由空前的 the 以及空后的 all 可知要 用最高级。 42017 全国卷Even _ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. worse 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以 用比较级形式。even worse“更糟的是”，可以看作固定搭配。 5 2018 浙江卷6月There could be an even _ (high) cost on your health. higher 考查形容词的比较级。根据 even 并结合语境可知，此处表示“更 高的代价”，故需要用
4、 high 的比较级形式 higher。 B 组 单句改错 12019 全国卷短文改错I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground._ hardlyhard 此处表示“用力把足球踢回操场”， 应用 hard(adv.用力地)。 hardly 意为“几乎不”。 22019 全国卷短文改错One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor._ 去掉 more
5、本句中 better 本身已经是比较级，前面只需要 much 来修饰，表示 程度，more 在本句中多余。 32019 全国卷短文改错First, I wanted to be a fireman，whose uniform looked so coolly._ coollycool 连系动词 look 后跟形容词作表语。 42018 全国卷I had done my homework, but I was shy. I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people._ largerlarge 词法错误。由语境可知，前后没有比
6、较的意味，故用原级。 考点研析考点研析 考点一 如何确定形容词、副词 1看到作定语、表语、或补足语，用形容词。 2看到修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子在句中作状语，用 副词。 He was more than just an English teacher, because he also taught me useful lessons in life.(useful作定语) 2018 河南洛阳第二次统考Obviously, a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.(Obviously作状语，修饰整个句子)
7、 即学即练 12020 河南郑州一中六次测试_ (sad), people can no longer visit the cave. Sadly 句意为：很遗憾，人们不能再参观那个洞穴了。空格处位于句首 作状语修饰后面整个句子，故用副词形式；根据提示词可推知用 sadly 且其首字母要大写。 22020 安徽五校联盟检测 _ (tradition), food eaten on this day was renamed after parts of the dragon. For instance, wontons were called “dragons eyes” Traditional
8、ly 考查副词。 空处修饰整个句子， 故用其副词形式， 填 Traditionally。 32020 青岛质量检测The United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours sleep a night to stay _ (health) healthy 考查形容词。此处表示成年人每晚需要至少七小时的睡眠来保持 健康。stay healthy 为固定搭配，意为“保持健康”，故填 healthy。 42020 安徽六校第二次联考The orga
9、nization helps to organize events across America to make children feel _ (delight) delighted 考查形容词。句意：此组织帮助在全美组织活动，让孩子们感受 到快乐。设空处前的 feel 为连系动词，其后跟形容词作表语，表示主 语的状态或特征，故填 delighted。 考点二 形容词、副词构词法 形容词变副词的后缀 (1)一般在形容词的词尾加- ly将其变成副词。 如quickquickly, slowslowly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly 等。 (2)一些以辅音字母加y结尾的
10、形容词，要把- y改为- i，再加- ly。 如happyhappily, angryangrily, luckyluckily, heavyheavily, noisynoisily等。 (3)有些以- ble或- le结尾的形容词，去掉- e再加- y。如 possiblepossibly, terribleterribly等。 (4)少数以- e结尾的形容词，要去掉- e再加- ly。如truetruly等。 但绝大多数以- e结尾的形容词仍然直接加- ly。如politepolitely, widewidely等。 (5)以- l结尾的形容词要在词尾加- ly，以- ll结尾的形容词要
11、在词尾 加- y。如usualusually, carefulcarefully, usefulusefully, fullfully 等。 【注意事项】 (1)以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母 的名词，将其变为形容词时须双写词尾的辅音字母再加- y。如： sunsunny, funfunny等。 (2)少数以不发音的- e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉- e，再加 - y。如：noisenoisy, iceicy等。 即学即练 12019 全国卷短文改错What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one._
12、 22018 全国卷My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved._ 32018 全国卷At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks，and mistakes as well.” Imm
13、ediate，I raised my hand._ 42017 全国卷They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together._ ordinarilyordinary happilyhappy ImmediateImmediately earlierearly 考点三 易混淆的形容词、副词 1before, ago (1)ago：常用于一般过去时，它所指的时间从现在算起。 (2)before：常用于过去完成时，它所指的时间从过去某一时刻算 起。 2late, later (1)late adj.迟到的；adv.迟，晚 (2)lat
14、er(也是late的比较级) adj.后来的，以后的；adv.后来，以后 3however, therefore (1)however：副词，表示转折。 (2)therefore：副词，表示因果关系。 4常见的易用错的形容词和副词 (1)以- ly结尾的形容词。如：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly等。 (2)意义有别的同根副词。如： close 靠近(通常指距离) closely 密切地；仔细地 hard 努力地；费力地 hardly 几乎不 most 最；(程度上)最大；非常 mostly 一般地；主要地 (3)表示宽、高、深
15、的副词都有两种形式，以- ly结尾的表示抽象 意义，与形容词同形的表示具体意义。如： wide宽地，widely广泛地，如：be widely known被广泛了解 high高地，highly高度地，如：think highly of评价高 deep深地，deeply深深地，如：be deeply moved被深深感动 5- ed型形容词和- ing型形容词 解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令 人”(- ing)，还是“感到”(- ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性 质特征(- ing)还是感受(- ed)。 即学即练 12020 沈阳监测Passing through sever
16、al streets, we saw no one but only rubbish here and there. An hour later, I still couldnt bear to keep my eyes _ (wide) open. wide 考查副词。空处修饰形容词 open，故用副词形式；wide 本身就有 副词词性，意为“完全地”。注意：此处不能填 widely, widely 主要表 示距离远、范围大、地域广等。 22020 山西孝义实验中学模拟As the last name became _ (wide) accepted，the first letter was
17、 capitalized. widely 句意为： 随着姓氏被广泛接受， 其首字母被大写。 设空处作accepted 的状语，故填副词 widely。wide 也可作副词，表示“充分张开”，因 此此处不能填 wide。 32016 浙江卷When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late._ latelater 句意为：当我还是个小孩子时，我爸爸设立了一个定期的活动， 对此我很多年之后依然记忆清晰。本句中混用了 late 与 later，前者为 形容词“迟到
18、， 迟做”或副词“迟， 晚”， 后者为副词“后来”。 “一 段时间later”表示这段时间之后。 4 2020 山东、 湖北部分重点中学联考Several days before, we held an activity in the schoolyard to learn and appreciate the history and art of Peking Opera facial masks. _ beforeago 考查副词。ago 表示“从现在起若干时间前”，需和过去时连用。 before 指“从过去事情发生起到若干时间之前”，常和过去完成时连 用。由下文对活动的介绍可知，活动是几
19、天前举办的，故此处填 ago。 52020 山西八校第一次联考Meanwhile, during every holiday, there are so much tourists in almost every scenic spot that it is difficult to admire the beautiful scenery and enjoy myself._ muchmany 考查形容词。 此处修饰可数名词复数 tourists， 故应用 many。 much 用来修饰不可数名词。 62017 全国卷I enjoyed studying different kinds of
20、 cars and planes, playing pop music ， and collecting the late music albums._ latelatest 考查形容词的最高级。结合句意，这里表示收集最新的音乐专辑， 故把 late 改为 latest。 7Children is a time when there are little duties. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after, and loved no matter what he may do. It is impossible for hi
21、m to be given such much again in his later life._ littlefew; suchso 考查形容词和副词。(1)few，a few, many 用来修饰可数名词， 而 little，a little, much 修饰不可数名词， duty 是可数名词，故把 little 改 为 few; (2)so much/many.为固定句型。 82020 沈阳监测I received an _ (amaze) look because he thought I was crazy. A Chinese workmate joined me. amazed
22、考查形容词。 空处修饰名词“look”， 形容人的表情， 故填 amazed。 92019 武汉市 4 月调研Children receive red envelopes filled with money and inspiring messages from elders and are often allowed to stay up late to watch the _ (amaze) fireworks shows. amazing 考查形容词。根据空前的 the 和空后的名词词组 fireworks shows 可知，此处应用形容词修饰其后的名词词组 fireworks show
23、s，故填 amazing。 102019 全国卷短文改错I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. _ interestinginterested become interested in 变得对感兴趣。 考点四 形容词、副词比较级、最高级 1“the比较级, the比较级”表示“越越” It is believed that the harder you work, the better result you will get. 人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果就越好。 2“the比较级of the
24、 two名词”表示“两个中较的” Which is the better of the two universities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University or Fudan University? 上海交大与复旦大学，实力较强的是哪一个？ 3“否定词比较级”表示最高级含义。 Mr. Stevenson is great to work for I really couldnt ask for a better boss. 为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板 了。 4“the形容词或副词的最高级比较范围”表示在某个范围 内“最”。 She is
25、the most active student in our class. 她是我们班最活跃的学生。 5可以用来修饰比较级的单词和短语有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal及数字、倍数等，常放在比较级的 前面。 The hotel is rather more expensive than that one. 这家旅馆的收费比那家贵得多。 即学即练 12020 安徽安庆模拟Nowadays, not only does China have the _ (fast) growing modern
26、 cities in the world, but the landscapes are also truly diverse. fastest 考查副词的最高级。句意：现在，中国不但有世界上发展最快的 现代化的城市，而且风景也多种多样。设空处前有定冠词 the，且在句 中修饰 growing，根据比较范围 in the world 可知，此处应用最高级形 式，故填 fastest。 22020 山西五地市高三联考While some Florida government officials doubt whether the climate will become hotter or _ (
27、cold), the people living in these locations are certain of the need to protect their communities. colder 考查形容词的比较级。句意：尽管佛罗里达有些政府官员怀疑气 候会变得更热或更冷，但住在这些地区的人们确定需要保护他们的社 区。根据并列连词 or 及之前的 hotter 可知，此处表示比较意义，应用 形容词的比较级，故填 colder。 32020 唐山第一次调研Als adult son, Ernie, however, is one of the _ (kind) men I have
28、 ever known. kindest 考查形容词的最高级。句意：然而，Al 已成年的儿子 Ernie 是我 认识的最有爱心的人之一。根据 I have ever known 可推知设空处需用 形容词的最高级。 4 2020 广东七校联合体联考I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was _ (convenient) than others. more convenient 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的 than 可知，空处用形容词的 比较级。 52020 江西名校学术联盟质检Eight
29、een years later, were still here and doing _ (well)than ever. better 句意为： 18 年以后我们还在这里， 并且比以往做得更好。 根据 than ever 可知设空处填副词比较级；根据提示词 well 可知答案为 better。 6 2020 昆明质量检测If we can focus on encouraging kids to drink more water a low- cost，sugar- free drink we can improve their drinking habits，which may allow
30、 many kids to feel _ (great) throughout the day and do better in school. greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的 and do better in school 可知， 空处与此处对应，应用形容词的比较级。 考点五 连接副词的用法 连接副词 逻辑语意 意义 though 表转折 虽然，然而 yet 表转折 然而，可是 however 表转折，其后常用逗号 然而，但是 instead 表转折或相反 相反，代替 otherwise 表转折 否则 besides 表递进 另外，而且 moreover 表递进 再说，而且
31、 still 表递进 仍然，依然 therefore 表结果 因此 thus 表结果 因此 anyway 表让步 无论如何 Bicycling is good exercise; besides, it does not pollute the air.骑自行车是很 好的运动，而且还不污染空气。 即学即练 2020 湖北武昌区高三调研In my opinion, success lies in a series of goals. However, we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize our dreams._ HoweverTherefore 上下文是因果关系，应用表示因果关系的副词。句中有逗号与后 面的句子分开，所以应用 therefore。
