1、第六讲 代词 高考感悟高考感悟 A 组 单句语法填空 12019 北京卷Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to _ (I) the two simple words “Be yourself” myself 考查代词。whisper to sb.低声对某人说，此处指代主语 I，故用反 身代词 myself。 22018 全国卷When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _ (they) alive. them 考查代词之人称代词。
2、分析句子结构可知，此处要用代词作 find 的宾语，故要用人称代词的宾格 them。 3 2017 浙江卷 6 月“She thought I had hurt _ (I)， ”says Pahlsson. myself 根据句意可知，此处表示“她以为我伤到我自己了”，应用 I 的 反身代词 myself。 42018 浙江卷Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out. who/that it
3、第一空考查定语从句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处引导 定语从句，先行词是 Many westerners，故填关系代词 who/that。第二 空考查代词。此处应用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 to eat out。 B 组 单句改错 12019 全国卷短文改错From then on，I started to play my football with classmates after school.I am a good player now._ 去掉 my play football“踢足球”。 22019 全国卷短文改错In the cafe, customers will e
4、njoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them._ yourselvesthemselves 此处指代主语 customers，要用 themselves。 32018 全国卷As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games wo
5、uld help my brain._ usme 由上下文可知，谈话的宾语是“我”，故改为人称代词的宾格 me。 42018 全国卷Some of us were confident and eager to take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.I had done myself homework，but I was shy._ myselfmy/the 词法错误。do ones/the homework 为固定搭配，意为“做家庭作 业”。 52018 全国卷The first time I went
6、 there, they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and another animals._ anotherother 此处表示“有狗、鸭子，还有其他的动物”，所以应该用 other。 考点研析考点研析 考点一 代词的基本用法 1人称代词与物主代词 类别 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 主格(作主语) I we you you he she it they 宾格(作宾语) me us you you him her it them 形容词性物主 代词(作定语) my our your your his her its their
7、名词性物主代 词(作主语、表 语或宾语) mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs She was beautiful and could run faster than others. 她(那时)很美并且比其他人跑得快。 Give me a challenge, and I will meet it with joy. 给我一个挑战，我会欣然接受。 He invited some friends of his to attend his birthday party. 他邀请了一些朋友参加他的生日宴会。 2反身代词 (1)构成：第一、二人称反身代词是
8、由形容词性物主代词加 “- self”(复数加- selves)构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格 形式加- self(复数加- selves)构成。 数 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself ourselves 第二人称 yourself yourselves 第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves (2)句法功能：反身代词在句中作宾语、表格或同位语 I sincerely hope you will enjoy yourself at the coming evening party. 我真诚地希望你在即将到来的晚会上玩得开心。 (3)反身代词
9、的习惯用法 dress oneself 自己穿衣 occupy oneself with 忙于 behave yourself 举止规矩有礼 devote oneself to 致力于 apply oneself to 专心致志于 help oneself to 随便吃/用 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 seat oneself 就座，入席 make yourself at home 别客气 teach oneself 自学 adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于 2017 浙江卷6月“She thought I had hurt myself，” says Pahls
10、son. “她以为我伤到我自己了。”Pahlsson说。 3指示代词this, that, these, those的用法 指示代词 用法 this/these 指在时间或空间上较近的人或事物；this也可指下文将 要谈到的人或物，起启下的作用 that/those 指在时间或空间上较远的人或事物；that也可指上文提 到过的人或物，起承上的作用 What I want to say is this: you should grasp every minute to finish your work. 我想说的是：你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。 4不定代词 (1)the other指两者中
11、的另一个，表示特指。 There are two pens here. One is his, and the other is Toms. 这儿有两支钢笔，一支是他的，另一支是汤姆的。 (2)other作前置定语，修饰可数名词复数，不可单独使用，表示 泛指，意为“另外的，其他的”。 We study English, maths, Chinese and other subjects. 我们学习英语、数学、语文以及别的学科。 (3)others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”，常用结构：some. others.；而the others表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。 Some like stay
12、ing at home at the weekend; others like going to the cinema. 一些人喜欢周末待在家里，另一些人喜欢去看电影。 (4)another泛指同类的人或物，指三者或三者以上的另一个，可 单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。 I dont like this book. Please give me another one. 我不喜欢这本书，请再给我一本。 5不定代词both, all, either, any, neither, none 都 任何一个 都不(全部否定) 部分否定 两者 both either neithernot either
13、both和not连用 三者或三 者以上 all any nonenot any all和not连用 Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge. Niki总是很有想法，但据我所知没一个是有用的。 即学即练(单句语法填空/单句改错) 12020 安徽皖江名校联考People now do everything with _ (they) smartphones, and use of cash is almost disappearing. their 考查代词。句意：人们现在用他们自己的智能手机做一切事情，
14、几乎已经不使用现金了。设空处后有名词，应用形容词性物主代词， 表示“他们的”，故填 their。 22020 安徽六校联考National Love Our Children Day began in America in 2004. It falls on the first Saturday in April. _ (it) aim is to honor and celebrate Americas children and stress the importance of love as they grow up. Its 考查代词。句意：该节日的目的是对美国儿童表示庆祝，让人们 重视
15、“爱中成长”的重要性。设空处修饰名词 aim，联系上两句可知， 此处表示此节日的目的，表示所属关系，指物，故用形容词性物主代 词，又因设空处在句首，首字母要大写，故填 Its。 3 2020 湖南长郡中学检测However, quite a few others， especially _ in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness” those 考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指那些在农村地区的人，表示复 数，故填代词 those。 42020 四川绵阳
16、诊断The young policeman was touched by _ (they) loss and sadness, and said that he was more than willing to act as their son. their 考查代词。句意：这位年轻的警察被他们的失子之痛所触动 根据空后的 loss and sadness(名词短语)可知， 该空应填形容词性物主代 词作定语，故填 their。 52020 南昌一模The village of Zhouzhuang in Jiangsu calls _ (it) “the oldest water town i
17、n China” itself 考查反身代词。句意：江苏周庄自称“中国最古老的水乡”。用 反身代词 itself 作 calls 的宾语。 62020 九江市联考About two years ago, I worked hard and entered a local key school, which my parents were proud of it._ 去掉 it which 引导定语从句，在从句中作 be proud of 的宾语，故 it 多余。 72019 湖北八校第一次联考I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had t
18、o look after me and live independently._ memyself 考查反身代词。 与句子主语 I 呼应， 应用反身代词作宾语， look after myself 意为“照顾好我自己”。 82020 衡阳质检I find very convenient to go anywhere with a bike._ 在 find 后加 it 考查代词。finditadj.to do 为固定结构，it 作形式宾语。 考点二 it的用法 1it作人称代词的用法 (1)it用作人称代词，用来指代事物或上文提到过的内容。 The Smiths bought a new ho
19、use but it will need a lot of work before they can move in. 史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要 做。 (2)it指时间、距离、天气等。 Its about 112 miles from London to Birmingham. 从伦敦到伯明翰大约有112英里。 2用于某些句型 Its (about/high) timethat- 从句 某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过 去时，有时也用“should动词原形”) Its the first/second. timethat sb.has/have done 这是某人第几
20、次做某事 Its时间段since- 从句 自从有多长时间了 Its时间段before- 从句 过了多长时间才 As far as I know, it is 8 years since his father passed away. 据我所知，他父亲去世已经八年了。 3it作形式主语(宾语)的用法 it常作形式主语(宾语)，替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从 句。 (1)it作形式主语的句型 Itbeadj.(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。 As f
21、ar as Im concerned, its necessary to have a good command of English. 就我个人看来，掌握英语是必要的。 Itbeadj.of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的 品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。 It is silly of you to give up such a good chance. 放弃这么好的一次机会你真傻。 Itben.(for sb./sth.)
22、to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语) 有：pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。 It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old. 年轻人占据老年人座位没有礼貌。 Itbeadj./n.doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常 见的有：no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。 It is no good living alone without keeping in
23、 touch with others. 独居而不和他人来往没有好处。(it作形式主语，动名词短语 living alone without.为真正的主语) Itben./adj.主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strangethat从句”中，从句的谓语动词常 用“should动词原形”，且should可以省略。 Its necessary and important that we should master the skills of operating computers. 我们应该掌握电脑操作技术，这有必要而且非常重要。 (2)it作形式
24、宾语的情况 主语believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/makeitadj./n. 不定式/动名词/从句。 No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。 某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it，然后 接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。 I would appreciate it
25、if you take my suggestion into consideration. 如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。 I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk. 我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟的。 即学即练(单句语法填空) 12020 豫南九校第一次联考But todays clothing industry has made _ easier for people to keep up with changes in fashion without having to s
26、pend a great amount of money. it 考查代词。句意：但今天的服装业使得人们不用花很多钱就能更 容易地跟上时尚的变化。分析句子成分可知，本句中真正的宾语是动 词不定式短语 to keep up with changes in fashion.， 设空处是形式宾语， 故填 it。 22020 湖北八校第一次联考Chekhov said，“Before drinking from his cup, he held _ with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner and bartenders, saying q
27、ing(please)” it 考查代词。设空处指代该句中的 cup，故用 it。句意：在喝酒 之前，他手举着杯子，向我和酒吧老板及酒吧服务员说“请”。 32020 湖南岳阳质量检测二Its no surprise that smartwatches are so popular nowadays_ seems that everyone wants to buy one! it 考查代词。句意：智能手表如今如此流行一点都不奇怪仿佛 每个人都想买一块智能手表。It seems that.为固定句式，意为“仿 佛”， it 在该句式中作形式主语， that 引导的从句为真正的主语， 故填 it。
28、 4 2020 安徽安庆模拟Every new year in the heartland of industrial China, thousands upon thousands of motorcyclists brave the weather and hit the road, determined to make _ home. it 考查代词。句意：每年春节，在中国工业的中心地带，成千上万 的骑摩托的人不畏寒冷的天气， 骑摩托上路， 下定决心回家。 make it to sp.为固定搭配，意为“成功到某地”， home 为副词，不与介词连用， make it home 意为“成功
29、到家”，故填 it。 52020 山东东营一模_ is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio- economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system. It 考查代词。句意：人们普遍认为，在我们的教育体制里，社会经 济背景不佳的年轻人往往会表现欠佳。it 作形式主语， “that young people from poorer socio- economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our
30、 education system”为主语从句，是真正的主语。 62020 安庆模拟He admitted that when _ came to repairing a computer, he had little knowledge of it. it 考查代词。句意：他承认，当说到维修电脑时，他对此一无所知。 when it comes to.意为“当说到”，为固定句型，故填 it。 考点三 代词的固定搭配 熟记代词固定搭配 both. and. 两者都 neither. nor. 既不也不 either. or. 或者或者 for one thing. for another. 一则
31、再则 It takes sb.some time to do sth. 花费某人时间做某事 As a matter of fact, it takes great courage to tell the truth. 事实上，说实话需要勇气。 即学即练(单句语法填空) 12019 福州期末And the hutong today is fading into the shade for _ tourists and local people. both 考查固定搭配。both. and.为固定搭配，意为“两者都”。 22020 洛阳市第一次统考The tour guide told us th
32、ere were almost 8,700 rooms in the Palace Museum. During the Ming Dynasty, construction began in 1406. _ took 14 years to build the Forbidden City. It 考查固定句型。“It takes sb. time to do sth.”为固定句型，意为 “花费某人多长时间做某事”，故此处应用 It 作形式主语。 32020 广州调研Microbes cant survive on _ (they) own. They need food. their 考查
33、代词。on ones own 为固定用法，意为“单独地，独自地”。 42020 泰安模拟As far as I am concerned, cycling is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles dont need any petrol and they are energy- saving. For _， bicycles are environmentally friendly because they wont give off waste gas another 句意为：在我看来，骑自行车是一个不错的解决方案。一方面， 自行车不需要汽油，并且节能；另一方面，自行车也很环保，因为它 们不会排放任何废气。for one thing, for another 表示“一方面，另一方 面”。
