1、GrammarLead-in1.The three Bront sisters adopting this practice,Mary Ann Evans did the same and wrote under the name of George Eliot.2.With the 19th century being regarded as one of great women writers,there were also some excellent male authors.3.These women having produced works of the highest qual
2、ity,any survey of the 19th century English literature must include them.1.构成构成:独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语)构成构成,在语法上是一个独立的短语在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子。构成如下在意思上依附于整个句子。构成如下:GrammarThe Nominative Absolute Construction(独立主格结构独立主格结构)(1)名词名词(代词代词)+现在分词
3、现在分词,过去分词过去分词(2)名词名词(代词代词)+形容词形容词(3)名词名词(代词代词)+副词副词(4)名词名词(代词代词)+不定式不定式(5)名词名词(代词代词)+介词短语介词短语2.独立主格结构的特点独立主格结构的特点:(1)独立主格结构的作用相当于状语从句独立主格结构的作用相当于状语从句,可表可表示示 时间时间,原因原因,条件条件,行为方式或伴随情况行为方式或伴随情况;(2)独立主格结构可置于句首独立主格结构可置于句首,也可以放在句尾也可以放在句尾;(3)独立主格结构主要用于书面语独立主格结构主要用于书面语;(4)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主
4、语不同,它独立存在它独立存在;(5)名词或代词与后面的分词名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词形容词,副词副词,不定不定式式,介词短语等是主谓关系。介词短语等是主谓关系。Weather permitting,we will have a picnic tomorrow.（6）可改写成复合句（状语从句、非限制性定）可改写成复合句（状语从句、非限制性定语从句）或并列句（一般用语从句）或并列句（一般用and 连接）。连接）。Beethoven wrote nine symphonies in his life,most of them written after he had lost his heari
5、ng.,and most of them were written after he had lost his hearing.,most of which were written after he had lost his hearing.如果分词逻辑主语与所修饰的句子的主语不一如果分词逻辑主语与所修饰的句子的主语不一致，就要有自己的逻辑主语（用名词或代词致，就要有自己的逻辑主语（用名词或代词的主格来表示）称为的主格来表示）称为独立主格结构独立主格结构。1)Mr.Smith being absent,the meeting had to be put off.2)Weather permi
6、tting,we will have a picnic tomorrow.3)The expense considered,the plan will have to be cancelled.4)His money stolen,he couldnt afford a plane ticket.独立主格结构独立主格结构20.All things _ into consideration,the meeting will have to be put off.A.taking B.having taken C.are taken D.takenThe country has already s
7、ent up 7 unmanned spacecraft,the most recent _ at the end of last September.A.has been launched B.having been launched C.to be launched D.was launched独立主格结构独立主格结构D B with+宾语宾语+动词不定式（动词不定式有动词不定式（动词不定式有“将来将来”的含义）的含义）With all these clothes to wash,I cant go out to play.with+宾语宾语+动词动词-ing（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）（
8、宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）With winter coming,it is time to buy warm clothes.with+宾语宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）With all the work finished,I was allowed to watch TV.with+宾语宾语+形容词形容词/副词副词With the window open,the boy had a good sleep.With Jack away,we have more room.with+宾语宾语+介词短语介词短语The teacher came in,
9、with a book in his hand.with+复合结构的常见构成复合结构的常见构成用用with+复合结构完成下列句子。复合结构完成下列句子。1._(心存梦想心存梦想)，he went to Hollywood.2.The boy came running towards us _(手手被绑在背后被绑在背后).3._(随着冬天的来临随着冬天的来临),it is time to buy warm clothes.With a dream in his heartwith his hands tied behind his backWith winter coming 4.They pr
10、etended to be working hard all night _(亮着灯亮着灯).5._(没有可以燃烧没有可以燃烧的东西的东西),the fire became weak and finally died out.6._（作（作业完成后业完成后),we went to play basketball.with the lights onWith nothing to burnWith our homework over/finished1._ I attended the meeting instead of him last Monday.A.He was ill B.His b
11、eing ill C.Him being ill D.He being illChoose the best answers.2._,Ill go over all these lessons before the exam.A.If time permit will B.Time permittingC.If time permitted D.Time permits3._ the room,a letter was found on the ground.A.Entering B.He entering C.Entered D.He entering4._,he drew a conclu
12、sion.A.The experiment B.The experiment making C.The experiment having been done D.The experiment madeA.The exam to be held B.The exam will hold C.The exam holds D.The exam holding5._ tomorrow,I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.A.All things be considered B.All things consideredC.All things having con
13、sideringD.All things considering 6._,her paper is of greater value than yours.7.A new technique _,the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A.working out B.having worked out C.having been worked out D.to have been worked out 8.The decision _,the next problem was how to make a good a good plan.A.
14、having made B.having been making C.having been made D.been made9.The teacher walked into the classroom _.A.with a book in hand B.hand with a book C.being with a book in hand D.to have a book in hand10._ no homework left,the pupils could do whatever they liked.A.There being B.There had C.There to be D.There having Review the nominative absolute construction.Homework
