1、循环经济模式循环经济模式Circular economy modeM160401711 李佳薪循环经济循环经济循环经济是物质闭环流动型经济和资源循环经济的简称，其本质上是一种可持续发展的生态经济。他要求按照自然生态系统的物质循环和能量流动规律重构经济系统，在经济发展中遵循生态规律，将清洁生产、资源综合利用、生态设计和可持续消费为一体，实现废物减量化、资源化和无害化，使经济系统和自然生态系统物质和谐循环，维护自然生态平衡。A circular economy is an industrial economy that promotes greater resource productivity
2、aiming to reduce waste and avoid pollution by design or intention,and in which material flows are of two types:biological nutrients,designed to reenter the biosphere safely,and technical nutrients,which are designed to circulate at high quality in the production system without entering the biosphere
3、 as well as being restorative and regenerative by design.This is contrast to a Linear Economy which is a take,make,dispose model of production.循环经济与传统经济的区别循环经济与传统经济的区别传统经济（单一线性流程）：循环经济（反馈式流程）：资源开采（Resource exploitation）产品制造(Product manufacturing)物品消耗(Item consumption)废物污染(Waste pollution)自然界(nature)
4、资源(Resource)产品(Product)废弃物（Waste）减量化Reduce再利用Reuse再循环Recycle123456CONTENTS美美国国循循环环型型企企业业模模式式（A Am me er ri ic ca a：R Re ec cy yc cl li in ng g E En nt te er rp pr ri is se e M Mo od de el l）是以单个企业内部物质和能源的微观循环作为主体的企业内部循环经济产业体系，是以清洁生产为导向的循环经济模式，通过组织企业内部各工艺之间的物料循环，延长生产链条，减少生产过程中物料和能源的使用量，尽量减少废弃物和有毒物质的排
5、放，提高产品耐用性，最大限度地利用可再生资源。Is a single enterprise，the micro-cycle of material and energy as the main body of the internal recycling economy industrial system，which is based on cleaner production-oriented circular economy model,through the organization of internal processes between the material circulati
6、on,extend the production chain,reduce the input of materials and energy to minimize waste and toxic substances emissions,improve product durability,maximize the use of renewable resources.Cases：1.杜邦公司：通过企业各工艺之间的物料循环，从废塑料中回收化学物质开发出用途广泛的乙烯产品。1997年开始“地毯回收计划”每年回收10000顿以上的废弃地毯，作为再生资源加以回收利用。2.Acushnet橡胶公司
7、：通过工艺改进、设备改造和员工培训，减少了去油污过程中的三氯乙烯的使用量，公司每年可节约10万美元。通过将非接触冷却水和部分工艺水循环使用，每年可节省175万美元的下水道排水费和水费丹丹麦麦循循环环工工业业园园模模式式（D Da an ni is sh h：R Re ec cy yc cl li in ng g I In nd du us st tr ri ia al l P Pa ar rk k M Mo od de el l）它是根据循环经济理论和工业生态学原理设计而成的一种新型工业组织形态，通过模拟自然生态系统建立产业生态系统中“生产者-消费者-分解者”的循环途径。园区内采用废物交换、清
8、洁生产等手段把一个企业产生的副产品或废弃物作为另一个企业的投入或原料，实现物质闭路循环和能量的多级利用，形成相互依存的类似自然生态系统的“食物链”和“食物网”的产业系统，实现物质和能量的最大化使用和废弃物的最小排放。It is based on the theory of circular economy and industrial ecology principles designed a new form of industrial organization,through the simulation of natural ecosystems to establish the ind
9、ustrial ecosystem producer-consumer-decomposers the recycling path.In the park,by-products or wastes generated by one enterprise are used as input or raw material of another enterprise by means of waste exchange and clean production,so as to realize the material closed loop and multi-level utilizati
10、on of energy,forming similar food chain and food web industrial systems,to achieve the maximum use of materials and energy and waste the minimum emissions.CasesCases丹麦卡伦堡生态工业园是目前世界上工业生态系统运行最为典型的代表。在卡伦堡生态工业园区内以四个企业为核心：阿斯内斯火力发电厂、斯塔托伊尔炼油厂、济普洛克石膏墙板厂以及诺沃诺迪斯克制药公司。园区内四个核心厂以及其他小型辅助企业之间通过贸易方式利用在生产过程中产生的废弃物和副
11、产品，不仅减少了废弃物的产生量和处理的费用，还产生了较好的经济效益，形成了经济发展与环境保护的良性循环。例：热能的利用 阿斯内斯火力发电厂发电过程中产生的热能炼油厂（40%）制药厂（全部）为居民提供供暖热气供农户鱼塘和蔬菜大棚取暖之用能量经过使用温度有所降低能量经过使用温度有所降低德国废弃物回收模式（德国废弃物回收模式（GermanGermany y：W Waste aste R Recycling ecycling M Modelodel）通过废弃物的再生利用，实现消费过程中和消费过程后物质和能量的循环。1.德国的公共回收系统。在德国，循环经济已经成为企业和公众心目中义不容辞的社会责任。德国
12、人将不同种类可回收利用的垃圾分别用不同颜色的垃圾桶或垃圾袋加以标识区别。如：蓝色：可回收利用的纸类 棕色：可降解的生物垃圾 黄色：有回收标志的各类包装 黑色：不可回收利用的垃圾玻璃制品、罐头、废电池和旧家具都有各自的回收箱和回收站，不可随意丢弃。Through the recycling of waste,we can achieve material and energy cycle in the process of consumption and after the consumption.1.German public collection system.In Germany,circ
13、ular economy has become corporate and public responsibility in the community.The Germans use different color bucket to collect different types of recyclable garbage.e.g:Blue:Recyclable paper Brown:Biodegradable waste Yellow:All kinds of packaging with recycling logo Black:Non-recyclable wasteGlass p
14、roducts,cans,waste batteries and old furniture have their own recycling bins and recycling stations,can not be arbitrarily discarded.2.德国的包装物双元回收体系（DSD）。也被称为绿点公司，总部位于科隆，是一个专门的对包装废弃物进行回收利用的非盈利性的社会中介组织。DSD的中介性主要表现在它本身不是垃圾处理企业，而是一个平行于公共回收系统的非政府回收组织，因而又被称作是第二回收系统。它将企业委托需要回收的包装废弃物上打上“绿点”标记，然后由DSD委托回收企业进行
15、处理。“绿点”计划实行的原则是：谁产生垃圾谁就要为此付出代价。企业交纳的”绿点“费，由DSD用来收集包装垃圾，然后进行清理、分拣和循环再生利用。“绿点系统”的有效实施，使得玻璃的再生利用率达到90%，纸包装物的再生利用率60%等等。2.The German packaging dual recovery system(DSD).Also known as Green Point,is headquartered in Cologne,is a specialized recycling of packaging waste for the non-profit social intermedi
16、ary organizations.DSD intermediary mainly in its own not a garbage disposal enterprises,but a parallel to the public recovery system,which is also known as the second recovery system.It will be commissioned by the enterprises which need to recycle the packaging waste,to mark green dot in the package
17、,and then DSD will entrust recycling companies for disposing.Green Point program to implement the principle is:who produces garbage who will pay the price.The Green Point fee paid by the enterprise is used by the DSD to collect the packaging waste and then to clean,sort and recycle.Green Point Syste
18、m effective implementation,making the glass recycling rate of 90%,paper packaging recycling rate of 60%and so on.日本循环型社会模式（日本循环型社会模式（JapanJapan：Recycling-Recycling-oriented social modeloriented social model）“循环型社会”是指通过抑制废弃物的产生、将排放的废弃物等作为资源加以循环利用以及确保进行适当的处理，以达到抑制对天然资源的消费，最大限度地降低环境负荷。日本循环型社会模式的发展内容可以概
19、括为三个方面：1.发展“静脉”产业，即废弃物回收再利用产业，实现环保产业化；2.发展环境友好型企业，实现产业绿色化；3.“静脉”产业和“动脉”产业相结合，实现物质的循环流动，建设循环型社会。Recycling society means minimizing the environmental burden by suppressing the generation of waste,recycling the discharged waste as a resource,and ensuring proper disposal to minimize consumption of natur
20、al resources.Japans recycling-oriented social model of development can be summarized in three aspects:1.Development of vein industry,namely waste recycling industry,to achieve environmental protection industry;2.The development of environment-friendly enterprises,to achieve industry green;3.Vein ind
21、ustry and artery industry combined to achieve the material circulation,building a recycling-oriented society.静脉产业是指回收、利用生产和消费活动中产生的废弃物（二次资源）生产再生资源的产业。The vein industry refers to the industry that reclaims and utilizes the waste(secondary resources)generated from production and consumption to produce
22、 renewable resources.动脉产业是指开采自然资源（一次资源）、利用自然资源生产制造的产业。Arterial industry refers to the exploitation of natural resources(a resource),the use of natural resources to manufacturing industrial product.我国循环经济发展存在的问题我国循环经济发展存在的问题（Problems in the Problems in the Development of Circular Economy in ChinaDeve
23、lopment of Circular Economy in China）1.循环经济的适用范围有限我国的循环经济主要集中在企业层面和生态工业园层面，社会层面的循环经济模式才刚刚开始，尚未形成规模。2.循环经济的适用产业有限我国的循环经济主要集中于第二产业，尤其是化工工业和重工业，对一、三产业的循环经济关注明显不够。3.循环经济利用的资源有限我国循环经济主要集中于水、能源、可直接变现和再利用的废弃物的回收利用，且再利用率较低。对生活垃圾、包装废弃物等可回收利用的废弃物还没有形成分类回收体系，资源浪费现象依然严重。1.The scope of application of circular ec
24、onomy is limitedChinas circular economy is mainly concentrated in the enterprise level and eco-industrial park level,the social level of circular economy model has just begun,not yet formed.2.Circular economy applicable industry is limitedChinas circular economy is mainly concentrated in the seconda
25、ry industry,especially the chemical industry and heavy industry,the primary and tertiary industries of circular economy was not enough attention.3.The use of circular economy resources are limitedChinas circular economy is mainly focused on water,energy,can be directly realized and re-use of waste r
26、ecycling,and low recycling rate.Waste recycling of household garbage,packaging waste has not yet formed a classification recovery system,waste of resources is still serious.建议建议(Advices)(Advices)工业循环经济模式：(1)循环型企业模式（2）特色生态工业园模式农业循环经济模式：（1）“农-林-牧-鱼”型循环生产模式（2）“经济-环境-资源”型循环生产模式（主要是指以沼气为纽带的循环经济模式）社会循环经济模
27、式：（1）建立废弃物回收体系（2）虚拟型产业共生模式Industrial recycling economy model:(1)recycling business model(2)characteristics of eco-industrial park modelAgricultural circular economy model:(1)agricultural-forest-animal husbandry-fish type of cycle production mode(2)economic-environment-resource type of circular produ
28、ction model(mainly refers to the methane as a link to the circular economy model)Social cycle economic model:(1)the establishment of waste recycling system(2)virtual industry symbiosis model主要指“三沼”再利用：将农作物的秸秆、人畜禽粪便等经过加工处理，有机厌氧化，微生物分解转化产生的沼气、沼液、沼渣进行再利用。沼气：可以做能源用于生产生活沼液：作叶面喷洒液和蔬菜培养液沼渣：肥料、食用菌的营养基、养殖蚯蚓的
29、饲料等Mainly refers to the three marsh re-use:Biogas,biogas slurry and biogas residue which are produced through organic anaerobic digestion，microbial decomposition and transformation of crop straw,human and animal manure.Biogas:can be used for energy in production and lifeBiogas slurry:for foliar spra
30、y liquid and vegetable mediumBiogas residue:fertilizer,edible fungus nutrition,breeding earthworm feed虚拟型产业共生模式该循环经济模式下，不严格要求企业成员在同一地区，突破了传统的固定的地理界限和实物交流的限制，它利用现代信息技术，通过园内信息系统，首先在计算机上建立成员间的物、能交换联系，然后再在现实中加以实施，这样园区内企业可以和园区外的企业发生联系。整个虚拟组织以网络为依托，充分发挥了协同合作和优势互补的作用。Virtual industry symbiosis modelThe cir
31、cular economy model,does not strictly require business members in the same area,breaking the traditional fixed geographical boundaries and physical exchange restrictions,which use modern information technology,through the park information system,the first computer in the establishment of exchange between members Contact,and then be implemented in reality,so that enterprises within the park and enterprises outside the park can be contacted.The entire virtual organization based on the network,give full play to the synergy and complementarity of the role.THANKS
