1、过去完成时教学课件 “过去的过去（过去的过去（past-in-the-past）”。past in the pastpast now定定 义义表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。成了的动作。即：即：过去的过去。过去的过去。1.在老师进入教室前在老师进入教室前,李磊擦了黑李磊擦了黑 板板.LiLei _(clean)the blackboard by the time the teacher came into the classroom.had cleaned2.当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。当我们到那儿时火车已经离开了。The tr
2、ain _(leave)when we arrived there.had left构构 成成 had+Vpp用法+时间标志词时间标志词1.表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，前已经完成或结束，侧重结果侧重结果。即。即发生在发生在“过去过去的过去的过去”。When I woke up,it had stopped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。我醒来时，雨已经停了。雨停发生在醒来之前，即雨停发生在醒来之前，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。He had learnt some English before I went here.
3、在来这儿之前我学过一些英语。在来这儿之前我学过一些英语。(went是个过去的动作，是个过去的动作，had learnt发生在发生在went之前之前)We had cleaned the room when he got there.当他到那儿时，我们已经把房子弄干净了。当他到那儿时，我们已经把房子弄干净了。(got是个过去的动作，是个过去的动作，had cleaned发生在发生在got之前之前)2.表示表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，而且而且动作尚未结束动作尚未结束，仍然，仍然有继续下去的可能有继续下去的可能
4、。常和。常和for,since构成的时构成的时间状语连用。间状语连用。I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。分钟。He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。年以来他就在那家工厂工作。3.表示表示“原以为、愿望、打算原以为、愿望、打算”的动词，如：的动词，如：plan,think,want,intend,expect,hope等的过去
5、完成时，等的过去完成时，表示表示过去没有实现的愿望或意图过去没有实现的愿望或意图。I had thought they would go there.我原以为他们会去那儿的。我原以为他们会去那儿的。4.叙述叙述过去发生的事情过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时补述以前发生的动作时，常，常使用过去完成时使用过去完成时。Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。I d
6、idnt know a thing about the verbs,for I had not studied my lesson.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。5.在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事叙述过去的事，先，先发生的动作发生的动作常用过去完成时常用过去完成时。I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书。我已归还了我借的书。She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。她丢失的钥匙找到了
7、。6.过去完成时常常用在过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。前。He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她。他说他很熟悉她。I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。7.状语从句状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完在过去不
8、同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。发生在后，用一般过去时。如如:when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的复合句引导的复合句。When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了。我醒来时雨已停了。She didnt go to bed until she had finished her work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。8.过去完成时还可用在过去完成时还可用在hardlywhen,no soonerthan,It was
9、 the first(second,etc)time(that)等固定句型中等固定句型中Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了。他刚到就又走了。It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。这是他那一年第三次失业了。句句 型型 结结 构构
10、 主语主语+had+过去分词过去分词1.肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+had+Vpp.+其他其他.When I arrived Ann had just left.我到的时候，安刚走。我到的时候，安刚走。He had left for London before I came back.在我回来之前，他已经出发前往伦敦。在我回来之前，他已经出发前往伦敦。2.否定句：主语否定句：主语+had+not+Vpp.+其他其他.I hadnt received his letter since he left.自从他走后，我还没有收到他的信。自从他走后，我还没有收到他的信。3.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Had
11、+主语主语+Vpp.+其他其他?肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes,主语主语+had.否定回答：否定回答：No,主语主语+had not.Had he left his case on the 4 40 train?他把箱子落在他把箱子落在4:40的火车上了吗的火车上了吗?Yes,he had./No,he had not.4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+had+主语主语+Vpp.+其他其他？What had he learnt before he went here?与现在完成时的区别与现在完成时的区别现在完成时现在完成时表示的表示的动作发生在过去动作发生在过去，以，以now的时间
12、为基的时间为基点点，但，但侧重对侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响产生的结果或造成的影响;过去完成时过去完成时则则是一个相对的时态是一个相对的时态，以，以过去时间为基点过去时间为基点，它它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调过去的过去过去的过去，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。比较比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words t
13、ill then.到那时为止我已经学会了到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。个英语单词。-Im sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。对不起，让你久等了。-Oh,not at all.I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几没什么，我只等了几分钟。分钟。与一般过去时的区别与一般过去时的区别1.时间状语不同时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上过去完成时在时间上强调强调过去的过去过去的过去;而而一般过去时一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间只强调过去某一特定的时间。比较比较:They had arrived a
14、t the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2.过去完成时表示过去的过去过去完成时表示过去的过去，不单独使用不单独使用,一般和一般过去式一起使一般和一般过去式一起使用用。练练 习习1.When I arrived there,they_(leave)already.2.The film_(start),when we got to the cinema.3.I _(read)the book before I started school.4.They thought that they
15、_(try)their best.5.The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away)before she was born.6.I _ (not realize)she wasnt Chinese until she spoke.had lefthad startedhad readhad triedhad passed awayhadnt realized 选择填空()1.-“Did you see Tom at the party?”-“No,Mary told me that he _ by the time I
16、got there.”A.left B.was leaving C.had left D.has left()2.He said that he _ his lunch yet.A.hadnt had B.hasnt had C.wouldnt have D.was having()3.By the end of last year we _ each other for ten years.A.have known B.knew C.were knowing D.had known()4.I saw Li Lei yesterday.We hadnt seen each other _ I
17、left Beijing.A.after B.before C.since D.until cA D c()6.I learned_ the city for a long time.A.she has been in B.she has gone to C.she had been in D.she had gone to()7.He said that he _ a cold for three days.A.has B.had caught C.had had D.has got()8.I saw Kate with a new radio in her hand yesterday,b
18、ut she told me she_the radio for ten days.A.has bought B.had bought C.has had D.had had ccD()9.The film _ when I got there.A.has begun B.had already started C.began D.have already begun ()10.The film _ for ten minutes when we got to the cinema.A.had already been on B.had already begun C.have already
19、 been on D.have already begun A B More practice:1.He told me he _(meet)her before.2.She thanked me for what I _(do)for her son.3.I _(learn)300 words by the end of last month.4.He _(leave)his office when I arrived there.5.She _(visit)the city three times before she died in 1997.6.They knew she _(borrow)a lot of money for her daughter.7.Great changes _(take)place in my hometown since 1996.8.He _(live)in Beijing since he was born.9.He told me he _(live)in Beijing since he was born.had methad donehad learnthad lefthad visitedhad borrowedhave takenhas livedhad lived
