1、n复合句复合句n 含义：由一个主句和一个或者一个以上的从句构含义：由一个主句和一个或者一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。成的句子叫复合句。n 初中涉及到的复合句主要有宾语从句，状语从句初中涉及到的复合句主要有宾语从句，状语从句和定语从句。和定语从句。宾语宾语I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。概念概念引引 导导 词词宾语从句三要素宾语从句三
2、要素语语 序序时时 态态（一）引导词（一）引导词I hear(that)he will be back in an hour.that（that可以省略）eg：本身无意义，不充当任何成分，只起连接作用He said(that)he was very nervous.我听说他会在一个小时内回来。他说他很紧张。(2)他问我他问我Kate是否早起床。是否早起床。He asks me if/whether Kate gets up early?(1)我不知道我不知道Jim是否是个好学生。是否是个好学生。I dont know if/whether Jim is a good student.“是否是否
3、”，不做句子成分，但不，不做句子成分，但不可省可省if/whethereg:介词后面的宾语从句介词后面的宾语从句 与与or not连用时连用时(1)Im thinking of whether we should help him.注意：以下情况只用whether不用ifeg:(2)We havent decided whether to help him.不定式不定式to前面前面(3)Let me know whether you can come or not.3.在句子中充当一定成分，如主语、宾语等Eg:Can you tell me what she is doing?Do you k
4、now where she lives?特殊疑问词特殊疑问词what、which、who、whose、whom充当宾语充当宾语充当时间状语充当时间状语（二）宾语从句的语序（二）宾语从句的语序句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问语序 宾语从句必须用宾语从句必须用 _陈述语序陈述语序There is a shop near here.Is there a shop near here?n（三）（三）宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是如果主句的时态是一般现在时一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是况来确定，可以是_时态时
5、态。eg:1.I dont think(that)you are right.2.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.3.Do you know when Mr.Smith moved here?任任 何何主现从任意主现从任意2.如果主句的时态是如果主句的时态是一般过去时一般过去时，宾语从句只能用，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态相应的过去时态。例如：例如：nHe told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.nHe said that he would go back to the U.S.soon
6、.nMark told us that they were having a meeting at that time.主过从过主过从过n3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理客观真理，即使主句用，即使主句用了了过去时过去时，从句仍用，从句仍用一般现在时一般现在时。nThe teacher said that the earth moves around the sun.nWe were been told that light travels much faster than sound.真理永现真理永现修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词，引导
7、定语从句连接词叫引导词引导词。概念概念关系词关系词关系代词：关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系代词在从句中充当关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语主语、宾语、定语等成分等成分关系副词：关系副词：when,where,why关系副词在句中作关系副词在句中作状语状语。关系代词关系代词 1.who1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom2.whom指人指人
8、,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如在介如在介词后面则不能省词后面则不能省)The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr.Li.关系代词关系代词 3.whose 3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,它既可以代人也它既可以代人也可以代物。（可以代物。（后有名词后有名词）Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman.Her bag
9、was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.4.which 4.which 指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词后面则不能省如介词后面则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you
10、borrow books?定语从句只能用定语从句只能用 that,不用不用 which的情况：的情况：1.当先行词是当先行词是 all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,no one 等不定代词或被它们修饰时。等不定代词或被它们修饰时。Thats all that I know.Is there anything that I can do for you?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.2.当先行词被当先行词被形容
11、词最高级形容词最高级或或序数词序数词修饰时修饰时That is the most interesting book that I have read.The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.3.当先行词有当先行词有the very,the only,the same等修饰时。等修饰时。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he used.4.当主句以当主句以 who 或或 which开头时。开头时。Who is the g
12、irl that spoke to you just now?Which is the pen that you lost?5.先行词同时包括人或物时。先行词同时包括人或物时。The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.只用只用which,不用不用that 的情况：的情况：1.介词后面介词后面The house in which I lived three years ago was very big.2.在非限定性定语从句中在非限定性定语从句中Jackies dog,which was very old no
13、w,became ill and died.Exercise 1:用关系代词填空用关系代词填空1.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.2.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.3.I hate people _ talk much but do little.4.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.The man _ h
14、air is white is his grandfather.6.Is there a student _ father is a business man?7.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用只能用that.状语从句0101时间状语从句时间状语从句03030202原因状语从句
15、原因状语从句目录目录条件状语从句条件状语从句0404让步状语从句让步状语从句0505目的状语从句目的状语从句0606结果状语从句结果状语从句29一、连词：一、连词：when，while，as，before，after，till，until，since，as soon as等。等。二、二、when 与与while的区别：的区别：when短暂性动作短暂性动作(常为一般时常为一般时)或延续性动作或延续性动作(常为进行时常为进行时)；while延续性动作延续性动作(常为进行时常为进行时)。e.g.When I stopped my car，a policeman came up to me.My wi
16、fe was cooking when I got home.I was doing my homework when/while my father was watching TV.While/When we were talking，the teacher came in.30【考点精练考点精练1】()1.Newton was playing under an apple tree _ an apple fell onto his head.AwhenBwhileCafterDBefore()2.What were you and your brother doing at this ti
17、me last night?He was writing an email _ I was watching TV at home.Aas soon as Bafter Cuntil Dwhile()3.Your uncle will come to see you as soon as he _ here.AarrivesBarrived Cwill arrive Dis arriving()4.Its too late.I have to go now.Oh，its raining outside.Dont leave _ it stops.Asince Buntil Cwhile Dwh
18、enA D A B 31考点精讲2原因状语从句n连词：连词：because，since，as等。等。because表示很强的原因；表示很强的原因；since/as表示较弱的、不直接的原因，可以译成表示较弱的、不直接的原因，可以译成“既然既然”。I am worried now because I have left my homework at home.Since everyone is here，lets start our meeting.As you dont feel well，lets stay at home today.注：注：because不与不与so连用连用。32【考点精练
19、考点精练2】()1.We didnt enjoy the day _ the weather was so bad.Abecause Bthough CunlessDtill()2.A Spring Morning is my favorite poem _ its words are beautiful and I can feel the sense of spring in it.AthoughBuntil CbecauseDwhen()3._ it was cold outside，_ he put on a coat before he went out.ABecause;so BB
20、ecause；/CThough;but D/;but()4._ everyone is against the advice，lets give it up.A.Since BBefore C.WhenD.ThoughA C B A 33考点精讲3条件状语从句一、连词一、连词if，unless(if.not)，as long as(只要只要)。二、一定要遵循二、一定要遵循“主将从现主将从现”的原则。的原则。We will go for a picnic if it is fine tomorrow.You wont improve your study unless you work hard
21、.You wont improve your study if you dont work hard.You will achieve your dream as long as you stick to it.34【考点精练考点精练3】()1.If there _ no buying and no selling of animals，there _ no killing in nature.A.is;will beB.will be;will be C.is;is D.will;is()2.I am waiting for my friend._，I will go shopping al
22、one.A.If she comes B.If she wont come C.If she doesnt come D.If she will comeA C 35【考点精练【考点精练3】()3.Why not look up the new word in a dictionary _ you dont know it?A.ifB.that C.though D.Whether()4.My parents are always worried about what will happen if I _ A.succeeded B.wont succeed C.will fail D.fai
23、l()5.We will go to Tiananmen Square to watch the raising of national flag if it _ tomorrow.A.will rainB.rains C.doesnt rain D.wont rainA D C36n 连词：连词：though，although，even though，even ifn 注：不与注：不与but连用。连用。考点精讲考点精讲4让步状语从句让步状语从句He came to see me in such hot weather although he was busy.I will go shoppi
24、ng tomorrow even if it rains.(even if表假设表假设)Ill try my best to help you even though I am in a great difficulty now.(even though表真实表真实)37【考点精练考点精练4】()1.How do you like the sports play?Funny，_ the music of it is not so good.Aso Bthough Cor DBecause()2.The boy can speak both English and Russian _ he is
25、 only ten.Wow，what a clever boy!Aif Bbecause Calthough Dbut()3.He keeps on trying _ there is little hope Abut Beven though Cbecause DSo()4._ we left early，_ we still didnt catch the first train.AAlthough;butBBecause;so C/;so DAlthough；/B B C D 38考点精讲考点精讲5目的状语从句目的状语从句n连词：连词：so that，in order that等。等。n
26、 目的状语从句常是情态动词句。目的状语从句常是情态动词句。Speak clearly so that/in order that they can understand you.I got up at 5：00 so that/in order that I could catch the first bus.当主句与从句主语相同时，从句还可改成不定式结构。当主句与从句主语相同时，从句还可改成不定式结构。She eats much less than before so that/in order that she can lose some weight.She eats much less
27、 than before so as to/in order to lose some weight.39【考点精练考点精练5】()1.One important aim of our school is to prepare us for the future_ we can face all the challenges with confidence.Aso far Bso that Ceven ifDif only()2.They develop their skills _ they can do things better and better.Ahowever Bbecause
28、CsinceDso that()3.Mike sped up his walking _ he could arrive earlier.Aso that Band C.butDOr()4.He has to make much money _ he can support his family better.A.so that B.such that C.thatD.ifA A B D 40考点精讲考点精讲6结果状语从句结果状语从句连词：连词：so.that，such.that等。等。soadj./adv.that从句；从句；such(a/an)adj.n.that从句从句(要注意名词的可数
29、性及要注意名词的可数性及其出现形式其出现形式)区分：区分：so many/much/few/littlen.that从句从句 He ran so fast that nobody caught up with him.They are such smart children that we all like him.Mike has been to so many places of interest around theworld that he is the most knowledgeable in his class.41【考点精练考点精练6】()1.Andy Laus concert
30、 was _ hot that tickets were sold out in minutes.Aso BveryCsuchDToo()2.Teresa is _ nervous _ she cant talk in front of the class.Asuch;that B.too;to C.so;thatD.very;that()3.The film is _ interesting _ I would like to see it again.Asuch;that Btoo;to Cas;asDso;that()4.Anna was _ an outgoing girl _ she
31、 made a lot of friends.Aso;that Bsuch;that Ctoo;to Din order;that()5.There are _ many cars in Guangzhou _ some roads are often crowded.Aso;that Bsuch;that Cvery;that Dso;butA A C D B 42()5.He puts the flowers in the shade _the sun will not burn them.A.in order to B.so that C.so as to D.such that()8.We will go to the square to watch the raising of the national flag _ it rains tomorrow.A.when B.if C since D.unless D B Practice
