1、中考英语句子成分和基本句型复习中考英语句子成分和基本句型复习定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语 地点地点 时间时间Elements of a sentence:S-subject V-verb P-predic
2、ative O-object Attri.-attribute Adv.-adverb Oc-object complement 主主谓谓表表宾补宾补定定状状宾宾主语（主语（subject）是一个句子所叙述的主体，说明动作是是一个句子所叙述的主体，说明动作是“谁，什么谁，什么”发出发出的，一般位于句首。的，一般位于句首。Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young
3、should respect the old.What he has said is true.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）（句子）谓语（谓语（verb）是对主语加以陈述，是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般由说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般由V.充当充当,放在主语之后（英语句子的灵魂）放在主语之后（英语句子的灵魂）(1)由由单一动词单一动词V.做谓语做谓语 We are Chinese.I saw the flag on the top of the hill?(2)情态情态
4、V+V原原 He can speak English well.(3)助助V+V She is talking with her sister.I have seen this man before.Show your passport,please.She didnt say anything.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he sa
5、id?I succeeded in passing the exam.（名词（名词）(代词）代词）(数词数词)(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(三三)宾语（宾语（object）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子）动作的对象或承受者，一般位于动作的对象或承受者，一般位于vt.和和prep.之后之后 宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语(direct object)和和间接宾语间接宾语(indirect object).直接宾语指物直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人间接宾语指人.He gave me some books.间接间接 宾语宾语（承受者）（承受者）直接直接 宾语宾语（对象）（对
6、象）Please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.I found the book interesting.I make my students interested in my class.She asked me to lend her a hand.We made him monitor in our class.We found him in trouble now.We found it necessary to study English.（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语有些有些及物动词及物动词除了有一个
7、直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有这类常用的及物动词有：make,ask,see,find,call,get,have,let,tell,help,keep（It形式宾语，形式宾语，to do是真正宾语）是真正宾语）（四）表语（四）表语(predicative)在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语,用以说明主语的身份，特征和用以说明主语的身份，特征和状态。状态。The speech is exciting
8、.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im tired today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease.That s why he came here.（五）定语（五）定语（adjective）修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句单个的定语一般放在所修饰词前单个的定语一般放在所修饰词前 前置定语前置定语短语，句子一般放在所修饰词前短语，句子一般放在所修饰词前 后置定语后置定语 He is a clever boy.His father works in a
9、steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you know Bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。表示时，通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时，通
10、常则后置表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?用以修饰用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句及全句,位置灵活位置灵活。修饰修饰adj./adv.时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示表示时间、地点、目的的状语时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示不确
11、定时间（如：首，一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：）或程度（如：almost）的）的副词状语通常位于副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。说明动作于说明动作于“何时何时,何地何地,如何如何”发生发生,或者说明或者说明“adj./adv.”的程度的程度。状语分为：状语分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件、程度、地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件、程度、方式和伴随等状语方式和伴随等状语。（六）状语（六）状语（adverbial）This book is very interesting.I run fast/q
12、uickly.They are playing on the playground at eight.(副词副词)(介短介短)(副词副词)I John often came to chat with meHis parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.Suddenly,I heard the bird sing a song.You probably know more than you think.（不定式）（不定式）（分词）（分词）（从句）（从句）（副词）（副词）（副词）（副词）同位语同位语
13、对对n.或或pron.进行补充说明或进一步解释说明进行补充说明或进一步解释说明 We young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He told me the news that our team won the game.名词名词代词代词从句从句 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列
14、式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一：+（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：+link-+（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）基本句型 一 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。（不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.H
15、e10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and drink.laughed.woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday.is playing.have gone.基本句型 二 此句型句子谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become,get,gr
16、ow,turn,go,come,prove等。Link-（系动（系动词）词）(表语表语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face is smellsfelt looks is is becameturned an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.基本句型 三 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语
17、，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 4.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 8.He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.基本句型 四 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通
18、常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。（及（及物）物）（多（多指人）指人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3.He 4.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 8.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that th
19、e bus was late.基本句型 五 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。（及物）（及物）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.感谢您的观看
