2022年中考英语复习-动词种类复习ppt课件.pptx

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1、动词的种类动词的种类语法专项课件之语法专项课件之【知识要点】【知识要点】一、动词一、动词 动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词是表示动作或状态的词。大部分有人称、时态、和语态的变化,在大部分有人称、时态、和语态的变化,在句中可作谓语,说明主语句中可作谓语,说明主语“是什么是什么”或或“做什么做什么”。动词可分为四类:动词可分为四类:实义实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词。词。根据在根据在 句中的作用分为:句中的作用分为:谓语动词,谓语动词,非谓语动词非谓语动词doing(动名词和现在分词动名词和现在分词),to do(动词不定式)(动词不定式),-ed (过去分词过去

2、分词),。动词的各种形式动词的各种形式英语动词有五种基本形式:英语动词有五种基本形式:动词原形,一般现在时第三人称单数,动词原形,一般现在时第三人称单数,过去式,过去分词和现在分词过去式,过去分词和现在分词。1.一般现在时第三人称单数的构成一般现在时第三人称单数的构成规则规则 原形原形第三人称单数第三人称单数直接在动词词尾加直接在动词词尾加 s Help,look ,write run Helps,look s,writes run s以以ch,sh.S,x 或或 o 结尾的词,加结尾的词,加-es.teach,kiss,fix ,finish teaches,kisses,fix es,fi

3、nishes 动词词尾为动词词尾为“辅音字母辅音字母+y”时,时,去去 y 后加后加 ies.Study ,carry ,fly Studies ,carries ,flies 温馨提示:动词动词have 的第三人称单数为的第三人称单数为 has.动词第三人称单数加动词第三人称单数加 s或或 es 后的后的读音:读音:在清辅音在清辅音/p/k/t/f/后读作后读作 /s/如:如:shops ,likes posts ,laughts在在/s/z/d /等后读等后读/Iz/如、如、passes rises wishes teaches changes除以上两种读音外,其余的均读除以上两种读音外,

4、其余的均读/z/.2.规则动词过去式和过去分词的构成动词原形动词原形过去式过去式过去分词过去分词直接在词尾加直接在词尾加ed want work need wanted worked needed wanted worked needed 以不发音以不发音e的结尾在词尾的结尾在词尾加加dlike live use liked lived used liked lived used 以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾动结尾动词先把词先把 y变为变为 i,再加,再加ed.study carry hurrystudied carried hurriedstudied carried hurried以一

5、个元音字母加一个以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词先双写结尾的音节动词先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加辅音字母,再加ed.stop trip plan(辅(辅+元元+辅)辅)stopped tripped plannedstopped tripped planned规则形式提醒:规则动词加规则动词加ed有三种读音。有三种读音。在在清辅音清辅音后面读后面读/t/.如:如:asked,helped,watched,stopped在在元音和浊辅音元音和浊辅音后面读后面读/d/.如:如:enjoyed,moved,studied,played在在/t/d/后面读后面读/id

6、/如:如:wanted ,needed 规则规则动词原形动词原形现在分词现在分词一般情况下直接加一般情况下直接加read,watch,clean ,reading,watching,cleaning 以不发音的结尾的充去掉以不发音的结尾的充去掉e再加再加ingtake,make taking,making 以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写结尾个辅音字母的动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母然后加的辅音字母然后加ingput ,sit,run putting ,sitting ,running 少数以少数以ie结尾动词,先变结尾动词,先变ie为为y,再再加加

7、inglie ,die ,tie lying ,dying ,tying 以以oe,ee,ye 结尾的动词,直接结尾的动词,直接加加ingagree,see agreeing,seeing3.现在分词的构成现在分词的构成现在分词有现在分词有直接加,去直接加,去e加加,双拼加双拼加辅辅+元元+辅辅实义动词实义动词语法专项课件之语法专项课件之1 1.实义实义动词动词实义动词又称行为动词,含有实在的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。实义动词又称行为动词,含有实在的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。根据词义是否完整根据词义是否完整又又可分为可分为及物动词及物动词(vt.)(eg.study,learn,eat,was

8、h,enjoy-和和不及物动词不及物动词(vi.)(eg.look,listen,run,arrive,get)。1)及物动词)及物动词后可直接接宾语,其句式结构有:后可直接接宾语,其句式结构有:主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 He likes singing.主语主语+谓语谓语+双宾双宾(常见的跟双宾语的动词有:(常见的跟双宾语的动词有:give,buy,tell,lend,bring,show,pass,)Please pass me the book.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语(有些动词后跟省略宾语补足语(有些动词后跟省略to 的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足的不定式或现在分词作

9、宾语补足语。如:语。如:make,let,have,see,watch,notice etc.)We call him Bill.May I ask you a question?give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.buy sb.sth.=buy sth.for sb.make/let/have sb.do sth.see sb.do sth.see sb.doing sth.2)不及物动词)不及物动词后不可直接接宾语。如:后不可直接接宾语。如:look,listen-etc.我们可在动词后我们可在动词后加上一个合适的介词,再接宾语加上一个合适的介词,再接宾语。look f

10、or/at ,listen to,get to -etc.Horses run fast.He arrived in Beijing yesterday.3)有些动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词)有些动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如:如:know,walk,study,play,-etc.如如:I dont know.I dont know him.I am reading.They are reading books.4 )延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词和非延续性动词延续性动词延续性动词:表示动作是可以延续的可以和表一段时间的状语连用:表示动作是可以延续的可以和表一段时间的状语连用

11、如:如:live,stay study,work keep 等。等。We have lived in China for two years,/since 2020.You can keep the book for one week.非延续性动词:非延续性动词:表示瞬间动作,动作一经开始便立即结束。表示瞬间动作,动作一经开始便立即结束。非延续性动词在肯定句中不与表一段时间的状语连用非延续性动词在肯定句中不与表一段时间的状语连用。如:如:buy,die ,borrow,lend,go,come,stop,leave,join 等。等。He arrived here five days ago.

12、The old man died two years ago.1.He often _(have)dinner at home.2.My mother gave _(I)some pears.=My mother gave _.3.The girl _(teach)us English on Sundays.4.I often see him_(play)football on the playground.5.I bought _(he)a gift.=I bought a gift for _.6.He is _(听)(听)music.7.We are _(看)(看)the blackbo

13、ard.语法透视语法透视hasteachesmeplaysome pears to mehimlistening tolooking at him按要求改写句子:按要求改写句子:1.I think he is very old.(否定句否定句)I _ think he _ very old.2.This sign means“No smoking”.(改为特殊疑问句)(改为特殊疑问句)What _ this sign _?3.My plant has two green leaves.(就划线部分提问就划线部分提问)_ _ _ _ _ _plant_?4.I love my parents.(

14、改为一般疑问句)(改为一般疑问句)_?语法透视语法透视dontisdoes meanHow many green trees does your haveDo you love your parents系动词系动词语法专项课件之语法专项课件之 连系动词连系动词本身本身有词义有词义,但意义不完整,但意义不完整,在句中在句中不能单独作不能单独作谓谓语,后面语,后面跟表语跟表语,说明说明主语是什么或怎么样主语是什么或怎么样。连系动词种类:连系动词种类:1)be 类动词类动词,(am,is.are,was,were)后接名词或形容词。后接名词或形容词。The stories are interesti

15、ng.Mo Yan is a writer.Be动词使用顺口溜:动词使用顺口溜:我用我用am,你用,你用are,is跟着他、她、它。跟着他、她、它。单数单数is,复数,复数are,勿忘,勿忘be的三变化。的三变化。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。变否定,更容易,变否定,更容易,be后后not莫忘记。莫忘记。疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。2)系动词系动词:look(看起来看起来)feel(摸起来摸起来)smell(闻起来闻起来)+adj.(作表语作表语)或或+like+n.taste(尝起来尝起来)sound(听起来听起来)My

16、hat looks like a cat.She looks very young.3)状态变化类系动词状态变化类系动词:(变得类变得类)become,turn,get,go,grow等,意为等,意为“变得;变得;变成变成”,其后其后+形容词形容词。(become 指好坏两方面,多指身份和职业,指好坏两方面,多指身份和职业,turn多指颜色多指颜色,get 多指形状大小、长短多指形状大小、长短,天气冷暖。,天气冷暖。Leaves turn yellow in autumn.The weather is getting cooler and cooler.He becomes a teacher

17、.4)保持类系动词保持类系动词:stay(保持)(保持),keep(保持)(保持),remain(仍旧是)(仍旧是)等等,其后其后接形容词或名词。接形容词或名词。keep healthy/quiet He remains a teacher now.Doing morning exercises helps you keep/stay healthy.语法透视语法透视一一.用用am/is/are填空填空1、She()a student.2、His jacket()on the table.3、We()family.4、-How()your father?-I()fine,thanks.5、Ja

18、ck and I ()good friends.6、(、()she a student?7、(、()you a teacher?8.Daniel and Tommy()in Class One.isisareamisareIsAreare语法透视语法透视二二.改错改错:1、We in the classroom.2、Your brother are friendly.3、Tim and Jim is clever.4、Their room are big.5、All the milk are good.6、Who are your father?7、What are in the big bo

19、x?8、I think it interesting.9.The old man feels health.10.His faces become red.We are in the classroom.Your brothers are friendly.Tim and Jim are clever.Their room is big.All the milk is good.Who is your father?What is in the big box?I think it is interesting.The old man feels healthy.His faces turn

20、red.三.选择填空1.The air _fresh after the rain.And the sky _blue.A.feels,is B.tastes,feels C.smells,is D.looks,soounds2.-The food doesn;t _good.Why dont we go to buy some fresh food?-Sounds great.A.see B.find C.sound D.taste 3.-Would you like to try some pizza?-Yes,please.It _lovely and _nice.A.sounds,se

21、es B.tastes,feels C.hears,turns D.looks,smells4.He _a musician twenty years later.A.became B.got C.turned D.grew 5.When spring comes,trees begin to _green.A.became B.got C.turn D.keepCDDAC助动词助动词语法专项课件之语法专项课件之3 3.助动词助动词 助动词本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,它助动词本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,它协助主协助主 要动词构成谓语要动词构成谓语,帮助构成帮助构成各种时

22、态各种时态,语态,否定句和疑问句语态,否定句和疑问句等等。助动词主要有助动词主要有be,do(does,did),have(has,had),shall,will等等。(1 1)表示时态。如:)表示时态。如:He is singing.Mary will sing an English song tomorrow.He has got married.(2 2)表示语态。如:)表示语态。如:He was sent to England.(3 3)构成疑问句。如:)构成疑问句。如:Do you like college life?Did you study English before you

23、came here?(4 4)与否定副词)与否定副词not合用,构成否定句。如:合用,构成否定句。如:I don t like him.(5 5)加强语气。如:)加强语气。如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that.他的确知道那件事。他的确知道那件事。(6 6)替代动词词组。如:)替代动词词组。如:Do you often watch TV in the evening?你经常看电视吗?你经常看电视吗?Yes,I do.=Yes,I often watch TV in the

24、evening.是的,我经常看。是的,我经常看。-Who broke the window?-I did.情态动词情态动词语法专项课件之语法专项课件之4.4.情态动词情态动词 情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态,态,本身有一定的词义,但本身有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语不能单独作谓语,只能和动词只能和动词原原形形一起构成谓语动词。一起构成谓语动词。无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化,否定形式在情态,否定形式在情态动词后加动词后加not,变一般疑问句时需要把情态动词提前。变一般疑问句时需要把情态动词提前。情态动词有情态动词有c

25、an,may,must,need,dare,ought to,will,shall等及其过去式等及其过去式could,might,would,should等。等。(1 1)can 和和could表示能力、可能、许可表示能力、可能、许可和推测和推测等。如:等。如:Can you dance?No,I can t.But John can.(表示能力)(表示能力)Can you be here earlier tomorrow?(表示可能)(表示可能)You can use my bike.(can=may)(表示许可)(表示许可)I could read when I was seven.(表示

26、(表示“过去的能力过去的能力”)Could you help me with my English?(语气婉转)(语气婉转)He cant be your friend,because you friend is ill at home.(表推测,用于否定句,表推测,用于否定句,cant 意为意为“不可能不可能”)(2 2)may和和might 表示许可、表示许可、推测(可能性)推测(可能性)、愿望。如:、愿望。如:You may go now.(许可)(许可)You may be right,but Im not sure.(推测推测)May you succeed!(愿望)(愿望)Fath

27、er said we might go.(过去许可)(过去许可)注意:注意:may 的一般疑问句的否定回答的一般疑问句的否定回答 -May I come in?-No,you mustnt.-No,you cant.(3 3)must 表示必须、应该、推测表示必须、应该、推测,侧重说话人的主观意志,侧重说话人的主观意志。mustnt“禁止;不允许禁止;不允许”You must tell me about it.(表示义务)(表示义务)You mustn t lend it to others.(准许)(准许)This must be your room.(猜猜/推推测)测)He must ha

28、ve arrived there by now.(对过去的猜测)(对过去的猜测)注:注:在回答在回答must 开头的句子中,否定式常用开头的句子中,否定式常用 needn t =dont/doesnt have to(意为意为“不必不必”)回答回答。如:。如:Must I be home before eight o clock?No,you needn t.(Yes,you must.)No,you dont have to.(4 4)need用作情态动词时,表示用作情态动词时,表示“需要需要”主要用于主要用于否定句和疑问句否定句和疑问句。如:如:Need you return the ma

29、gazines today?You needn t hurry.注:注:need也可作也可作行为动词,行为动词,常用于疑问句和否定句中,可与助动词连用,常用于疑问句和否定句中,可与助动词连用,其后跟带其后跟带to 的不定式的不定式,主语为人,主语为人。如:。如:We don t need to bring our books that day.注意:注意:由由 need引出的一般疑问句引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答常用肯定回答常用must 或或have to;否定回答用否定回答用 neednt/dont have to 和和 must 回答相同。回答相同。eg:-Need I answer the

30、 question?-Yes,you must./Yes,you have to.-No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.(6 6)要注意以下几组区别)要注意以下几组区别 must和和have to的区别:的区别:must表示说话人表示说话人主观认为主观认为,“必须必须”做某事。做某事。have to表示由表示由某种外界原因某种外界原因而而“必须必须”或或“不得不不得不”做某事。做某事。如:如:You must go to work on time.When I was at your age,I had to go to work.而且,而且,must只有一种

31、形式只有一种形式,而而have to有更多的形式有更多的形式。如:。如:I ll have to get there on time.can 和和be able to的区别:的区别:can和和be able to都表示做某事的能力,但都表示做某事的能力,但can更强调更强调主观性,主观性,can有现在时和过去时两种形式,没有人有现在时和过去时两种形式,没有人称和数的变化。称和数的变化。be able to更强调客观性,表示本更强调客观性,表示本身有能力做某事,身有能力做某事,be有人称和数的变化。如:有人称和数的变化。如:I can go to school on time.She will

32、soon be able to finish the work well.巩固练习】.选用can,may,must,cant,mustnt,could填空。1.There is air around us,but we _ see it.2.You _ play football in the busy street.3.It _ be Mr.Brown.He has gone to America.4.Tom _ come to my birthday party,but Im not sure.5._ you please give me some water?6.Must I finis

33、h reading the book today?Yes,you _.No,you _.7.May I take this magazine out of the reading-room?No,you _.8.I_ swim,so lets go swimming.9.I cant sing,but I _ play the piano.10._ I go now?No,you neednt.cantcantmayCouldmustneedntmustntcancanMustmustnt.选择填空。选择填空。1.My aunt _ French as well as Chinese.A.ca

34、n speaksB.can speakC.cant speaksD.cant to speak2._ I have your name please?Yes,Michael.MICHAEL.A.MustB.WillC.May D.Need3.Can you play the computer game?Yes,I _.A.mustB.needC.mayD.can4_ call me MiMi !Its my cats name.A.NotB.CantC.DoesntD.Dont5.Can you play the guitar?No,I _,but I _ play the violin.A.

35、can;can B.cant;cant C.cant;can D.can;cant6.Susan is good at English and she _ sing English songs.A.need B.may C.can D.must7.Must I clean the classroom now?No,you _.A.mustnt B.cant C.neednt8.The woman _ be our English teacher.She has gone to Canada.(2017益阳中考)益阳中考)A.cant B.neednt C.mustntBCDDCCCA单项选择单

36、项选择 1.Is that Mr.Zhou?It _ be him.He has gone to Beijing.A.may B.can C.cant2.(2018年湖北咸宁)年湖北咸宁)Mom,_ I play computer games this evening?Sure,but you _finish your homework first.A.can;must B.can;mustnt语法透视语法透视CA6.(2019 北京北京)Lily,_ you finish the letter in ten minutes?Yes,I can.A.must B.should C.need D.can7.(2019贵州毕节贵州毕节)_ I take the magazine out of the reading room?Im sorry you _.A.Could;couldnt B.Must;couldntC.Will;cant D.May;cant9.(2019江苏常州江苏常州)_ I keep the book for a week?Sorry,Im afraid you _.A.Need;couldnt B.Need;cantC.May;couldnt D.May;cant语法透视语法透视DDD

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