1、语法专项复习语法专项复习时态时态现在完成时现在完成时时态名称谓语动词的表现形式一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时(了解）现在完成时过去完成时（了解）am/is/are/do/第三人称单数形式doesdid（谓语动词用过去式）am/is/are+doingwas/were+doingwill+do（动词原形）would+do（动词原形）have/has+donehad+done(过去分词)用法表示平时经常或习惯性动作 过去做过某事现在正在做某事过去正在做某事现在将要做某事过去将要做某事到现在已经做某事到过去已经做某事八种时态八种时态现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时的构成：
2、助动词现在完成时的构成：助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词 动词过去分词的规则变化同过去式的规则规则变化相同（played,moved,studied,stopped）不规则变化见不规则动词表肯定句：主语+have/has+V-ed+其他否定句：主语+havent/hasnt+V-ed+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+V-ed+？肯定答语：Yes,主格代词+have/has.否定答语：No,主格代词+havent/hasnt.1.表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。I have finished my work.We have set up many new f
3、actories.2.动作发生在过去，强调对现在的结果、影响等。Have you ever seen the film“Harry Potter”?3.表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去，句中使用持续性动词，且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。We havent seen each other for ten years.4.现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中，表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。Ill go home as soon as I have finished my homework.1.Astronauts have already been to the
4、moon.2.Ive just mad a model spaceship.3.No one has been to Mars yet.4.Have you ever won any prizes before?5.So far they have learnt to speak Arabic.6.Have you ever thought about other comptitions?7.I have never been to the Great Wall.8.They have been to the Summer Palace twice.9.Have you heard from
5、them recently?10.Many changes have taken place in China in the last few years.现在完成时标志词有：already（已经，肯定句句中或句尾）,yet（已经，疑问句句尾；还，否定句句尾）just（刚刚，肯定句或疑问句句中）before（以前，句尾）so far（到目前为止，句首或句尾）ever（曾经，肯定句或疑问句句中）never（从不，否定句句中）recently（近来，肯定句或疑问句句尾in the last few years/during the last/past few years（在过去的几年里）1.alr
6、eady、yet、just、before、so far、ever、never、twice、recently、in the last few years、during the last/past few years【学以致用】请根据句意用already，yet，just填空。The students havent finished their homework _.We have _ seen this book.Lisa has _ finished her lunch，but she hasnt washed the bowls _.I havent returned the book to
7、 the library _.Your classroom is so clean(形容词).Oh，we have _ cleaned it.yetalreadyalreadyyetyetjust2.标志词for和since：现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语，提问常用how long，意为“多久，多长时间”。，1、“for+一段时间”与现在完成时连用时，表示某事持续了多长时间。如：They have learned English for six years.他们学英语已经六年了。2、since引导的时间状语也可以和现在完成时连用，
8、表示事情从过去的某个时间开始持续到现在。其用法为：介词since+过去某一时间点。He has been in China since 2002.介词since+一段时间+ago。She has taught us English since three years ago.连词since+时间状语从句（一般过去时）We havent heard from our English teacher since he moved to Beijing.注意：for和since为标志的现在完成时的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。6.Marcus is our foreign teacher.He _ ou
9、r school for two years.A.went 6.Marcus is our foreign teacher.He _ our school for two years.A.went 6.Marcus is our foreign teacher.He _ our school for two years.A.went B.has been to C.has been in D.has gone toB.has been to C.has been in D.has gone toB.has been to C.has been in D.has gone to【即时训练】1.用
10、since和for填空1.He has lived in Nanjing _ three years ago.2.Ive known him _ we were children.3.Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4.She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5.Its about ten years _ she left the city.四.瞬间动词到延续性动词的转换：瞬间动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive be here been here begin(start)
11、be on been on arrive be here been here begin(start)be on been on diebe dead been dead come back be back been back diebe dead been dead come back be back been back leave be away been away go out be out been outleave be away been away go out be out been outget up be up been up finish be over been over
12、get up be up been up finish be over been overput onput onwear/be onwear/be on worn worn 或或been on open be open been openbeen on open be open been openclose be closed been closed borrow keep keptclose be closed been closed borrow keep keptbuyhave had begin to study study studiedbuyhave had begin to s
13、tudy study studiedget to know know known come to work work worked get to know know known come to work work worked fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep)been ill(sick,asleep)fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep)been ill(sick,asleep)joinbe injoinbe in或或 be a member of been in be a member of been
14、in或或 been a member of been a member of catch(a cold)have(a cold)had(a cold)catch(a cold)have(a cold)had(a cold)【学以致用】单项选择：1.Oh,Mrs.King,your dress looks nice.Is it new?No,I _ it since two years ago.had B.bought C.have had D.have bought 2.Tom _ the CD player for two weeks.has lent B.has borrowed C.ha
15、s bought D.has kept 3.How long has the foreigner _ here?He has _ here for several hours.A.arrived;come B.come;got C.stayed;been D.left;been away 4.The film _ for half an hour.A.has begun B.has been begun C.has been on D.began CDCC五、五、have/has been to,have/has gone to和和have/has been in的区别的区别 1、“have/
16、has been to”表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；可与ever,never,once,several times等次数连用。如：Some astronauts have been to the moon twice.2、“have/has gone to”)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用于第三人称.如：Where is Tom？He has gone to the library.3、“have/has been in”表示“在某地停留没走，一直在某地”如：How long have the Robinsons been in Egypt?注意：have/
17、has been to为短暂性动词，对应的延续性动词是have/has been in【即时训练】用have/has been to,have/has gone to和和have/has been in填空。填空。1.Where is Jack?He _ his country.2.John _ _ England since he came back.3.The Smiths _ _ Beijing for years.4._ _ you ever _ _ America?-Yes,I _ _ there many times.5.I _ _ this school since three
18、years ago.6.He has gone to Beijing.(转换句子）He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.has gone tohas been inhas bee inHavebeen tohave beenhave been inhas been inWe use the simple past tense to tell what happened in the past.pastpresentDaniel bought a new computer last month.We use the present perfect tense to talk
19、 about the result of an action.When the action happened is not very important.Daniel has bought a new computer.(He has a computer now.)pastpresent1、构成不同一般过去时：谓语动词的过去式现在完成时：havehas+V-ed They lived here in 2011.他们2011年住在这里。We have lived here for three years.我们已经在这里住了3年了。He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998
20、年参观过桂林。She always swam in the sea when she lived in Qingdao.她住在青岛的时候，总是去海里游泳。Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。I have had my lunch.我已经吃了午餐。2、用法不同 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。现在完成时表示的动作或状态与现在的情况有联系，侧重这一动作对现在所造成的影响。He has read that book.(强调他现在知道那本书的内容。)He re
21、ad that book last year.(只说明他去年读过那本书。)He has gone to America.(强调他现在不在此地，到美国去了。)He went to America.(只说明他去过美国。)3、时间状语不同 Did you watch that film last week?你上周看那部电影了吗？She came back yesterday.她是昨天回来的。His father has been a teacher since 2008.他父亲从2008年以来一直当老师。Have you ever been to London?No,I have never bee
22、n there.你曾经去过伦敦吗？没有，以前从没去过。一般过去时通常与表示过去的具体的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last week,two years ago,just now,in 2002等；而现在完成时则常与表示不确切的时间副词连用，如already,yet,ever,never,just,since,for等。区分:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作；现在完成时表示过去某一动作持续到现在或对现在有一定影响。【即时训练】1.Mother _ me a new coat yesterday.I _ it on.It fits me well.A.had made,have t
23、ried B.made,have tried C.has made,tried D.made,tried2.Are you a soccer player in your school?Yes,I _(join)the team two years ago.I _(be)in the team for two years.joinedhave been1.【2019 广东省】My father _ in a panda protection center for 10 years,so he knows a lot about panda.A.was working B.is working
24、C.has worked D.will work2.【2019 福建省】Look!My mother _ a new dress for me.Wow,it looks very nice on you.A.is making B.has made C.will make3.【2019 山东省】I called you last night,but nobody answered.Where were you then?Oh,I _ my pet dog in my yard.A.walked B.was walking C.am walkingD.will walk4.【2019 湖北省黄冈市】Where is Catherine?I havent seen her for days.She_ Wuhan.Shell be back next week.A.has gone toB.has been to C.have gone toD.have been to5.【2019 江苏省淮安】Where are the teachers now?In the meeting room.They _ the meeting for 10 minutes.A.have begunB.have been on C.have hadD.have been held
