1、中考复习题型之 短文填空目录C o n t e n t s词汇运用丨 Vocabularies高分微技能丨 Mico-skills高分技巧丨 Summary高分实战丨 Have a try词汇运用Vocabularies1VocabularyVocabulary短文填空是综合性的题型,考查学生多方面的能力,包括:正确拼写单词的能力、结合语法知识的能力以及上下文理解的能力。题材多以小故事为主,比如人物传记、科普短文、幽默故事、哲理故事等,多为考生所熟悉的、地道的语言材料。短文填空在中考的属于偏难题型,一般每空1分,10个空,共10分。词数多为200词左右。做好此题,是取得高分的关键。题型解读词汇
2、运用对短文上下文的理解能力1 1短 文 填 空 考 查 的 意 图purposepurpose对单词、词组、句型的运用能力2 2对全文的逻辑推理能力3 3高分微技能Mico-skills2考查主要内容The main ideaThe main idea短文填空主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力,特别是单词和短语的拼写能力,这是中考中一个比较难的题目，主要考察以下内容上下文联系上下文联系8.其它词其它词 style命题方式A 汉语意思 C 首字母提示 B 英语单词 D 无任何提示 不给任何提示,完全由考生根据短文的意思,在每个空格中填上一个词,使短文意思完
3、整。给出汉语提示,考生根据短文的意思,语法规则，在空格中填上该词的适当形式词,使短文意思完整。给出英语提示,考生根据短文的意思,语法规则，在空格中填上该词的适当形式词,使短文意思完整。给出首字母提示,考生根据短文的意思,语法规则，在空格中填上一个单词词的适当形式词,使短文意思完整。固 定 搭 配FirstFirst短文填空，每年都有2-3个空格考一些固定搭配，做题时要前后兼顾。固定搭配 Im sorry to hear that an earthquake happened _ your hometown.The earthquake destroyed your hometwown.Lots
4、 of houses _ down and some of you couldnt see your families any _.Please dont feel sad.You should believe _ the Party,the government and the people in the country.You should be _ of wishes because the Party,the government and the people are with you all the time and they take _of you.They try their
5、_ to solve your troubles.They _ away their money and many things to you and they donate(捐献捐献)blood for you.infellmoreinfullcare bestgiveDo you know these phrases?1.be surprised(at)对对感惊讶感惊讶2.be interested in 对对感感兴趣兴趣3.be afraid of doing 害怕做害怕做4.be pleased(with)对对感高兴感高兴(满意满意)5.be famous for 以以而著名而著名 6
6、.be strict in(with)(对工作、对人对工作、对人)严格要求严格要求 7.be(well)worth doing (非常非常)值得做值得做8.be covered with 被被所覆盖所覆盖 9.be in(great)need of 需要需要10.be in trouble 处于困境处于困境 1.be made of(from)由由制成制成2.be satisfied with 对对感满意感满意3.get on well with 与与相处融洽相处融洽4.give sb.a call 给给打电打电话话5.givesome advice/suggestions on 给给些忠告些
7、忠告6.give sb.a chance 给给一一次机会次机会7.have something done 让人让人(请人请人)做做8.had better not do sth.最最好好别别做做9.help sb.with sth./help sb.do sth.方面帮助方面帮助10.Help yourselves to some chicken,boys.请随便吃点鸡肉请随便吃点鸡肉名 词SecondSecond名词 1 名词分为 可数名词和不可数名词，其中可数名词要么前面加a或an，要么后面变为 复数形式。不可数名词没有复数形式。2 名词所有格 s1.One of the _ (child
8、)is smart enough to answer the strange question.2.In autumn the ground is often covered with many fallen _(leaf)3.The boy was a friend of my_(兄弟).4.Its over_from here to that new farm.(开车三小时的路程)5.On _ we give presents to our teachers.（教师节）6.There are many _ in this hospital.（男医生）childrenleavesbrothe
9、rsthree hours driveTeachers Daymen doctors名词所有格：名词所有格：s/ofLucy的家人Tom最好的朋友老师们的电脑书的标题一张公园的照片儿童节母亲节今天的报纸我的一位老朋友单数名词所属：单数名词所属：s复数名词所属：复数名词所属：s无生命的物体所属无生命的物体所属：.of.Examples:Lucys familyToms best friendChildrens dayteachers computersthe title of the booka photo of the parktodays newspaperan old friend of
10、mine attention Mothers day动 词ThirdThird动词 “动词”注意要变形，使用动词时我们应该注意动词的时态、语态和非谓语动词形式Once,there was a wild donkey(驴子)and a tame(驯养的)donkey.The wild donkey was thin and small.He spent his life outdoors.The grass on the hill 1.(be)his food all the year around.Sometimes,he had to walk miles 2.(find)fresh wat
11、er and at night there was always danger from wolves.The tame donkey was fat and strong.During summer he 3.(feed)on the rich grass while in winter he was given corn and hay(干草)to eat.There was always fresh water for him to drink and at night he was shut safely in the stable(畜舍).wasto findwas fed时态非谓语
12、动词被动语态表示行为、动作或状态的词，具有实在的意义，又称为行为动词。如：play,give,listen 实义动词 用来帮助说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的动词。如：be,look,smell,taste,sound,feel,become 系动词 表示说话人情感和态度的词，后面接实义动词原形。如：can,may,must 情态动词 助动词 帮助实义动词构成各种时态和句型的动词。如：do,does,did,will动 词 的 分 类VerbVerbdo过去式过去分词不定式单三现在分词/动名词实义动词的形式1 谓语动词：do、does、did2 非谓语动词：doing、done、to dodi
13、ddoesdonedoingto do系动词系动词状态类系动词状态类系动词beThey are students.He is ill.感官类系动词感官类系动词look,sound,smell,taste,feelThis kind of paper feels soft.This flower smells sweet.The apples taste good.变化类系动词变化类系动词become,get,turn,go,come The leaves turn yellow in autumn.系动词系动词+名词名词/形容词形容词形 容 词、副 词FourFour形容词、副词 1 形容词词
14、修饰名词；2 副 词修饰动词。3 注意形容词副词间的相互转换 4 形容词、副词则应注意比较级和最高级的变化 What can you do to keep _(健康)?Perhaps for children,healthy eating is one of the _ important things.Here are some ideas about how to eat _(健康).A good breakfat is very _(重要的)to children.Its necessary to have it in the morning.But some children ofte
15、n go to school without breakfast,just because they want to sleep a little_(much).healthymosthealthilyimportantmore形容词形容词最高级副词修饰动词形容词作表语副词比较级slow quick loud quiet good well (好）好）loudaloud形容词副词slowlyquicklyloudlyquietlyheavyhappyangrybusyeasyheavilyhappilyangrilybusilyeasilylate early hard fastnear hi
16、gh +ly+ly改改y y 为为i i，再，再+ly+ly形副同型不规则连 词FifthFifth连词注意从句在语篇中的作用。弄清它们是否是并列、转折还是因果关系；如果是从属连词，则看看是否连接的是时间状语，还是让步、原因、目的、条件还是结果状语从句，用上适当的连词1.Many Chinese parents would do anything to send their children to expensive universities t _ their family isnt rich enough.2.Some Chinese families arent rich enough,
17、_ they still try their best to send their children to expensive universities.houghbut让步状语从句表示转折连词连词并列连词并列连词并列关系并列关系转折关系转折关系选择关系选择关系因果关系因果关系从属连词从属连词引导名词引导名词性从句性从句引导状语引导状语从句从句代 词 和 数 词SixthSixth代词和数词 1 填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。2 要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”1.Our classroom is bigger than _(他们的他们的)2.Our teacher teach
18、es _(我们我们)well.3.They are enjoy_(他们自他们自己己)in the forest.4.Tom is thinking about going as a cowboy for the_(five)year at Halloween.5.I dont know how to read the _(九)lesson.theirsusthemselvesfifthninthExample:fourthfourthsfortyfortiethfourteenfourteenthfourforties上 下 文 联 系SeventhSeventh上下文联系 联系上下文，前后的
19、信息往往有助于对空格处内容的理解，遇到困难时不要仅仅盯着这一空格，而应该读下去。1.Joining in may be _ for some people.But if you are active enough,you can find it easier.2.Wash _ like apples or pears carefully before you eat them.3.Is your English handwriting beautiful?If _,here are four steps that really work!4.It is _ to run up and down
20、 on them.You may fall down because escalator steps(自动步梯自动步梯)are not designed for running.difficultfruitsnotdangerous其 它 词EighthEighth其它词 1 冠词。可数名词单数前，不要忘记a和an，序数词和最高级，前面要加the 2 介词。多用于固定搭配。1.-Have you seen _pen?I left it here this morning.-Is it _ black one?I saw it somewhere.2.-Do you know _ woman i
21、n red?-Yes,shes a professor of _ university.3.The village became popular because_Grandpa Huangs hard work.4.Too much love from parents may keep children_ being independent(独立独立的的).atheaaoffrom固定搭配固定搭配分类说明例子不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前a gift 一份礼物，a plane 一架飞机，a useful book 一本有用的书an用于以元音音素开头的单词前an hour 一小时，an a
22、pple 一个苹果，an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩定冠词the只有一种形式，一般用于特指the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔，the Chinese movie 那部中国影片冠词的分类时间介词时间介词方位介词方位介词方法介词方法介词其他介词其他介词(用于固定搭配用于固定搭配)介词分类介词分类空前空后要注意，“名词”单复要牢记，还有s不能弃，“动词”注意要变形,“形副”注意三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘“基”和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。SkillsSkills高分技巧Summary3破 题 技 巧SkillsSkills1.重中之重具有
23、一定的词汇量没有扎实的词汇基础,就不能读懂短文大意,读不懂大意,怎么能根据上下文来确定所缺的是个什么单词呢?即使能判断出某些空格缺的是什么单词,也难以写出正确的拼写形式。此外,还要掌握一些构词法知识和进行大量的课外阅读来扩大词汇量。一个人英语水平高低的最终标准还是取决于这个人的词汇量的大小。破 题 技 巧SkillsSkills2.语法支撑短文基本框架正确高效地解答好这类试题还需要扎实的语法基础知识。跳过空格,快速地阅读全文从整体上感知全文,掌握大意。切忌看一空填一空A A重视首尾句记叙文抓故事性文章的时间、地点、人物、事物，从而确定人称以及时态B B复读短文,确定语义,判断词形注意名词变复数
24、、形容词比较级和最高级、动词时态、动词-ing形式,尤其注意一些词性发生变化的情况C C先易后难易:固定词组、常见句型或明显的语法结构难:名词、动词、形容词、副词,注意联系上下文D上下参照,验证答案内容:上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章。语法:语法结构是否正确无误。E破 题 技 巧SkillsSkills做 题 步 骤StepsSteps1.1.浏览全文浏览全文,掌握文章的大意掌握文章的大意;a.a.进行进行跳格阅读跳格阅读.b.b.注意文章注意文章时态时态.2.2.根据词义根据词义,判断词形进行填空判断词形进行填空;a.a.先填上先填上固定搭配固定搭配与与习惯表达习惯表达等较易的空格等较易
25、的空格.b.b.不太明朗的空格要根据不太明朗的空格要根据语境和语义语境和语义反复推敲反复推敲.c.c.注意注意词形变化词形变化（如：复数、过去式、过去分词、（如：复数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词等）现在分词等）3.3.通读全文通读全文,检查核对检查核对.总 结SummarySummaryTips拼写拼写句子成分句子成分固定搭配固定搭配时态语态时态语态大小写大小写词性词性高分实战Have a try4高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a tryPractice 1请用适当的词完成下面短文,并将所缺单词填在指定位置上,每个空只能填一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。This is the si
26、mple village people of Malaysia.When the train passed their homes they waved and smiled to complete strangers and cheer them up.I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car,so this was the first time I was on a 1.I looked about the train.There was not one familiar face.I signed and sat down to
27、2 my magazines.It was not long 3 the train was in Malaysia.As we went beyond the city,I watched the straight rows of trees and miles and miles of green.Then 4 first village came into sight.Immediately I came alive;I decided to wave back.名词形容词冠词动词不定式高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a tryFrom then on my journey
28、became interesting.I threw my 5 into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life.Then everything came alive.The mountains seemed to speak to me.I stared at everything as if I was 6 at it for the first time.The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt 7.I looked at m
29、y watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm.Soon the train 8 at the station.I looked at the people all around me.They all looked beautiful.When my uncle met me 9 a smile,I gave him a warm hug.I had 10 done this before.He seemed surprised at my first hug and then his face warmed up with a huge smil
30、e.I looked forward to the return journey.Practice 1动词时态动词时态名词变复数形容词副词介词高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a try【答题剖析】【答题剖析】本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了马来西亚村庄里的人向火车上的乘客挥手微笑,这把乘火车给作者带来的沉闷一扫而光。1.train考查名词考查名词。根据后面句子“I looked about the train”可知,故填train。2.read考查动词考查动词。根据前面提到作者感到沉闷可知此处指的是“作者读杂志以解闷”,故填read。3.before考查介词考查介词。根据语境可知此处指
31、的是“不久以后”,故填before。4.the考查冠词考查冠词。序数词要加定冠词,故填the。5.magazines考查名词考查名词。根据前面作者读杂志可知此处指的是作者把杂志扔进垃圾篮,故填magazines。Practice 1高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a try6.looking考查动词考查动词。根据语境可知指的是好像作者第一次看它,由前面was可知是进行时态,故填looking。7.hungry考查形容词考查形容词。根据前面句子“I even forgot to have my lunch”可知,故填hungry。8.arrived考查动词考查动词。根据后面作者的叔叔
32、来接他可知此处指的是“火车到达车站”,故填arrived。9.with考查介词考查介词。根据语境可知此处指的是“笑着来接我”,此处表示伴随,故填with。10.never考查副词考查副词。根据后面句子“He seemed surprised at my first hug”可知,故填never。Practice 1高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a try(2019河北)根据短文内容所给提示根据短文内容所给提示,在文中的横线上填写一个正确的单词在文中的横线上填写一个正确的单词I have a photo album(相册).Its a present from my classma
33、teDavid.I got to know David on the 1.(two)day of middle school.We both liked playing basketball and collecting stamps,2.s we always had a lot of things to talk about.Once I traveled with him to his hometown in the countryside.He showed me 3.a and I saw many interesting things.We had a 4.(wonder)time
34、.It is really nice to have such 5.good classmate.secondoroundwonderfula形容词序数词连词冠词固定搭配Practice 2高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a tryHowever,last summer,David 6.(go)to another city because of his fathers job.Before leaving,he gave 7.(I)a photo album.“It has the memorable events we have experienced together.I h
35、ave also written some 8.(note)under each of these photos,”he said.I was 9.(deep)moved.I always look at the album when I think 10.David.I really miss him.wentmenotesdeeplyof副词修饰动词固定搭配名词变复数代词宾格动词时态Practice 2高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a try解析：71.词形填空题，考查数词，根据前面的the和句意推断，应该是在上中学的第二天，所以把基数词改为序数词；72.首字母填空题，根据前
36、后句判断应该填连词，有共同的爱好，所以才会有共同语言；73.首字母填空题，根据句意，在他的家乡，他带我参观，show sb.around,带某人参观74.词形填空题，考查短语have a wonderful time,wonderful变形容词修饰名词time；Practice 2高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a try75.词汇盲填题，考查结构such a+adj.+n.，后面的classmate是单数名词；76.词形填空题，考查动词时态，根据前面的时间状语last summer,可知考查一般过去时；77.词形填空题，考查代词，give sb.sth.的结构，give动词后要用
37、宾格；78.词形填空题，考查名词单复数，根据前面some,可知可数名词note要变复数形式；79.词形填空题，考查形容词，根据句子结构可知修饰moved,所以要变副词形式；80.词汇盲填题，考查短语think of，表示想到；想起；Practice 2高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a tryPractice 3（2019 陕西）短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确（每个单词限用一次每空只填一个单词）（共1小题，计10分）meter,stop,one,can,take,wait,your,sell,slow,wifeIt was nine on a cold w
38、inter night.I hurried to go home from work on my motorbike.At the last crossing,while I was(61)for the green light,I saw an old man walking toward me.He(62)me and I felt a little nervous.The old man said(63),Excuse me.Could you please help me?I looked at him up and down.He looked about 70 years old.
39、waitingstoppedslowly时态时态副词修饰动词高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a tryPractice 3 The old man took out a 10-yuan bill and said to me,You see the old lady over there?She is selling baked(烤)sweet potatoes.Could you just 64.the money and buy one from her?He pointed at an old lady selling something about fifty 65.awa
40、y in the corner.“But why dont you go and buy it 66.?”I was puzzled(迷惑的).The old man continued,That old lady is my wife and its her 67.day to sell baked sweet potatoes.Just now I called her.She told me that there was only one sweet potato left and she wouldnt go home until all the sweet potatoes were
41、 68.out.But I know she cant stand the cold because her legs hurt.Im very worried about her.takeyourselffirstsoldmeters序数词代词情态动词后用动词原形名词变复数固定搭配高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a tryPractice 3At that time,I understood why the old man asked me to buy his 69.sweet potato.I felt really warm and moved.Without taking
42、 the money,I rode to the old lady quickly and bought the last one.As I waved goodbye to the old man,I 70.see him standing there with a thankful smile.wifescould名词的所有格情态动词高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a tryPractice 3【分析】本篇短文是作者在一个寒冷冬天的夜晚碰到一个老爷爷因为想让老伴早点从烤土豆摊点早点回家，而让作者拿钱去买下她的一个烤红薯的故事，作者深受感动，最后自己直接把最后一个烤红薯买了【解答
43、】（61）waiting考查动词考查动词；空缺处位置属于过去进行时态，过去进行时的结构是was/were+doing，需要填入一个动词ing，表示等待，用waiting故答案为waiting（62）stopped考查动词考查动词；句意，他拦住我让我停下来且我感到一些紧张，结合空缺处，需要填入一个动词，表示停止，时态是一般过去时态，用stopped，故答案为stopped（63）slowly考查副词考查副词；句意，老人慢慢地说，结合空缺处，需要填入一个副词，表示慢慢地，用slowly故答案为slowly高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a tryPractice 3（64）take考查
44、动词考查动词；句意，你能只是带着这个钱去从她那买一个土豆吗？结合空缺处，需要填入一个动词，表示带去，结合could you do sth？固定搭配，需要用动词原形take故答案为take（5）meters考查名词考查名词；句意，他指向一个在大约50米远的角落处的卖着东西的老太太结合空缺处，需要填入一个名词，表示米，前面有数词fifty，meter要用复数形式meters故答案为meters（66）yourself考查反身代词考查反身代词；句意，但是你为什么不去自己去买呢？结合空缺处，需要填入一个反身代词，表示你自己，用yourself故答案为yourself（67）first考查序数词考查序数
45、词；句意，那个老他太是我的妻子且这是她第一次卖烤红薯结合空缺处，需要填入一个形容词，表示第一次的用first，故答案为first高 分 实 战Have a tryHave a tryPractice 3（68）sold考查动词考查动词；句意，她告诉我只有一个烤红薯没有卖掉了，且她不想回家直到所有的烤红薯都卖完结合空缺处，需要填入一个动词，主语是all the sweet potatoes，填入的动词要表示被卖完，是含有被动语态，被动语态结构是be+过去分词，时态是一般过去时态，则一般过去时态的被动语态就是was/were+过去分词，结合空缺处前的信息，需要用sell的过去分词sold故答案为sold（69）wifes考查名词所有格考查名词所有格；句意，我明白了为什么那个老人叫我去买他太太的烤红薯了，结合空缺处，需要填入一个名词所有格，表示太太的，用wifes故答案为wifes（70）could考查情态动词考查情态动词；句意，我可以看到他带着感谢的微笑站在那儿结合空缺处，需要填入一个情态动词，表示可以，结合时态是一般过去时态，用could，故答案为could跳过空格通读全文把握大意复读短文结合语境确定词义周密分析上下兼顾确定词性依据搭配遵循语法确定答案短 文 填 空 解 题 策 略MethodMethodThanks for your attention
