1、初中英语语法初中英语语法第十一章第十一章被动语态被动语态被动语态【思考】什么是被动语态？【思考】什么是被动语态？语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示动作的承受者。被动语态的构成被动语态的构成被动语态是由被动语态是由“be“be动词动词+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词”构词的。构词的。bebe动词本身无词义，但是有时态、人称和数的变化。各种时态的被动语态的动词本身无词义，但是有时态、人称和数的变化。各种时态的被动语态的构成形式如下（以动词构成形式如下（以动词dodo为例
2、）：为例）：被动语态的各种句式被动语态的各种句式肯定句式肯定句式主语主语+be+be动词动词+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词(+by.(+by.）I I was invitedwas invited to the concert yesterday by the Greens.to the concert yesterday by the Greens.昨天格林一家邀请我去参加音乐会了。昨天格林一家邀请我去参加音乐会了。被动语态的各种句式被动语态的各种句式否定句式否定句式主语主语+be+be动词动词+not+not+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词(+by.)(+by.)The gl
3、ass The glass was not brokenwas not broken by Leech but by the wind.by Leech but by the wind.玻璃不是被利奇打碎的玻璃不是被利奇打碎的,而是被风刮破的。而是被风刮破的。被动语态的各种句式被动语态的各种句式一般疑问句式一般疑问句式BeBe动词动词+主语主语+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词(+by.)?(+by.)?Are the bikes madeAre the bikes made in the factory?in the factory?这些自行车是这家工厂生产的吗这些自行车是这家工厂生产的
4、吗?被动语态的各种句式被动语态的各种句式特殊疑问句式特殊疑问句式特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+be+be动词动词(+(+主语主语)+)+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词(+by.)?(+by.)?1.1.What What isis this kind of sweater this kind of sweater mademade of?of?这种毛衣是用什么制成的这种毛衣是用什么制成的?2.2.WhoWho was asked was asked to make a report in the meeting?to make a report in the meeting?谁被要求在会议上作报
5、告谁被要求在会议上作报告?被动语态的各种句式被动语态的各种句式特别提示特别提示谓语含有情态动词怎样变否定句和疑问句呢？谓语含有情态动词怎样变否定句和疑问句呢？含有情态动词的否定句是在情态动词后加含有情态动词的否定句是在情态动词后加not,not,疑问句则直接把情态动词提到主语之前。疑问句则直接把情态动词提到主语之前。1.1.These books These books mustnt be mustnt be l lenent t to others to others.这些书不能信给别人。这些书不能信给别人。2.Wha2.What t should be doneshould be done
6、 to make a good s to make a good senentence?tence?怎样才能造一个好句子怎样才能造一个好句子?被动语态的用法被动语态的用法一般说来一般说来,主动语态与被动语态的选用应根据具体的情况而定主动语态与被动语态的选用应根据具体的情况而定,但下面几种情况一股用但下面几种情况一股用被动语态。被动语态。1.1.强调动作的承受者强调动作的承受者This picture This picture was painted was painted by Van Gogh.by Van Gogh.这幅画是凡这幅画是凡高画的。高画的。2.2.淡化动作的执行者淡化动作的执行
7、者The film The film AvatarAvatar will be shownwill be shown once again.once again.电影阿凡达将再次放映。电影阿凡达将再次放映。(没必要指出动作的执行者没必要指出动作的执行者)被动语态的用法被动语态的用法3.3.当动作的执行者有比较长的修饰语时当动作的执行者有比较长的修饰语时The lecture The lecture will be madewill be made by Joe,who is a young artist from the US.by Joe,who is a young artist from
8、 the US.乔将会作这次报告，他是一位年轻的美国艺术家。乔将会作这次报告，他是一位年轻的美国艺术家。(动作的执行者动作的执行者Joe Joe 后有一个较长的非限制性定语从句）后有一个较长的非限制性定语从句）被动语态的用法被动语态的用法高频考点高频考点被动语态考点的答题关键在于找到动作的执行者与承受者。被动语态考点的答题关键在于找到动作的执行者与承受者。1.1.-Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone?-Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone?-Because it _ by Hu
9、awei last month.-Because it _ by Huawei last month.A.was produced B.were produced C.has produced D.are produced A.was produced B.were produced C.has produced D.are produced【答案】【答案】A A 被动语态的用法被动语态的用法高频考点高频考点2.2.-Simon,do you know who invented the kite?-Simon,do you know who invented the kite?-Sure!It
10、 _ by Mozi over 2,000 years ago-Sure!It _ by Mozi over 2,000 years agoA.is inventedA.is invented B.invented B.invented C.was invented C.was invented D.will be invented D.will be invented【答案】【答案】C C主动语态与被动语态的转换主动语态与被动语态的转换“S+V+O”“S+V+O”句式变成被动语态句式变成被动语态SVOSVO结构的主动句变为被动句结构的主动句变为被动句,其主谓宾成分按照一般规则变化其主谓宾成分
11、按照一般规则变化,其他不变。其他不变。1.1.NoNo one one has ever beatenhas ever beaten her at tennis.her at tennis.She She hashas never been beatennever been beaten at tennis.at tennis.在网球比赛中在网球比赛中,没有人打败过她。没有人打败过她。2.2.WeWe didnt notice anything didnt notice anything special in his works.special in his works.NothingNoth
12、ing special special was noticedwas noticed in his works by us.in his works by us.我们没注意到他的作品中有任何与众不同的地方。我们没注意到他的作品中有任何与众不同的地方。主动语态与被动语态的转换主动语态与被动语态的转换“S S+V+Oi+Od”+V+Oi+Od”句式变成被动语态句式变成被动语态1.1.可有两种转化方法的情况可有两种转化方法的情况句子谓语是双宾语及物动词句子谓语是双宾语及物动词,变成被动语态时变成被动语态时,将间接宾语或将直接宾语转化为句子主将间接宾语或将直接宾语转化为句子主语均可。语均可。They
13、They gave gave the children many good books.the children many good books.他们给了孩子们很多好书。他们给了孩子们很多好书。The children The children were givenwere given many good books by them.(many good books by them.(间接宾语转化为语间接宾语转化为语)Many good books Many good books were givenwere given to the children by them.(to the chil
14、dren by them.(直接宾语转化为主语直接宾语转化为主语)主动语态与被动语态的转换主动语态与被动语态的转换特别提示特别提示有些及物动词，如有些及物动词，如givegive、sendsend、taketake、bringbring、getget等变为被动语态时等变为被动语态时,被保留的间接宾被保留的间接宾语前通常加语前通常加toto。They gave the visitors a warm welcome.They gave the visitors a warm welcome.AA warm welcome was given warm welcome was given toto
15、 the visitors by them.the visitors by them.他们对来访者表示了热烈的欢迎。他们对来访者表示了热烈的欢迎。有些及物动词，如有些及物动词，如 buy buy、makemake、findfind、getget等等,变为被动语态时变为被动语态时,被保留的间接宾语前通被保留的间接宾语前通常加常加forfor。Mother has bought me a computer.Mother has bought me a computer.A A computer has been bought computer has been bought forfor me b
16、y Mother.me by Mother.妈妈给我买了一台电脑。妈妈给我买了一台电脑。主动语态与被动语态的转换主动语态与被动语态的转换2.2.只有一种转化方法的情况只有一种转化方法的情况（1 1）并非所有的双宾语及物动词在变成被动语态时并非所有的双宾语及物动词在变成被动语态时,都可以将间接宾语转化为被动句都可以将间接宾语转化为被动句主语。主语。She wrote Jordan a long letter.She wrote Jordan a long letter.Jordan was written a long letter by her.(x)Jordan was written a
17、long letter by her.(x)A long letter A long letter was written towas written to Jordan by her.(Jordan by her.()她给乔丹写了一封长长的信。她给乔丹写了一封长长的信。主动语态与被动语态的转换主动语态与被动语态的转换(2)(2)宾语从句一般不可作为被动句的主语。宾语从句一般不可作为被动句的主语。He told me when the project would start.He told me when the project would start.When the project would start was told to me by him.(x)When the project would start was told to me by him.(x)I was told when the project would start by him.(I was told when the project would start by him.()他告诉我工程将什么时候开始。他告诉我工程将什么时候开始。thanksTHANK YOU WATCHING THIS ONE
