1、ClozeCloze完形填空讲评及中考真题剖析完形填空讲评及中考真题剖析学科：英语主讲专家：张艳玲ClozeCloze语法型完形填空语法型完形填空命题特点命题特点 2017年陕西中考新増题型。将以往在单句中考查语法知识的形式改为在语篇中考查语法知识，重在考查学生对语法知识的综合运用能力。考情分析考情分析语法型完形填空语法型完形填空语境型完形填空语境型完形填空题题型型ClozeCloze动词形容词和副词名词冠词介词连词宾语从句特殊问句感叹句代词文体2021 411 1 1 11记叙文2020 311 1 1 11 1记叙文2019 3211111记叙文近三年陕西中考近三年陕西中考语法型完形填空语
2、法型完形填空考点设置考点设置ClozeCloze语法型完形填空解题步骤与策略语法型完形填空解题步骤与策略1.1.跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意 2.2.结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案 分析选项重点从语法角度来分析，对考点知识网做到心中有数，细读空格所在句，联系上下文内容，综合考虑短文意思、语法规则、固定搭配等对选项逐一进行分析、比较、筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。3.3.瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破 先易后难可以随着对短文深入的理解，降低试题的难度，提高做题的正确率。4.4.复读全文、复读全文、逐逐空验证、弥补空
3、验证、弥补错错漏漏ClozeClozeJohnwentoverandaskedwhat23forher.Afterashorttalk，Johncametoknowthatsheforgotherwayhomeandgotlost.Besides，shewasverytiredandhungry.Johncalledtheoldwomanssonandthentookhertothe24restaurant.(2019陕西，片段陕西，片段)23.宾语从句宾语从句(时态时态、语序语序）23.A.canhedoB.hecandoC.couldhedoD.hecoulddo24.A.nearestB
4、.nearerC.farthestD.farther24.形容词形容词(辨析、比较等级）辨析、比较等级）ClozeCloze 21.A.washesB.iswashingC.waswashingD.washed 22.A.take B.totakeC.throwD.tothrow21.时态时态(一般、进行一般、进行)22.动词辨析、非谓语（固定搭配）动词辨析、非谓语（固定搭配）Longagoandfaraway,therelivedanoldmanandwoman.Oneday,whilethe-woman_21clothesintheriver,shesawagreatbigorangeon
5、thewatermovingslowlytowardsher:Excitedly,shecaughttheorangeanddecided22ithometoeat.Whenthewomanbegantoopentheorange,suddenly,outjumpedalittlelovelyboy!Themanandwomandidntknow23.ButtheyfeltveryhappyandnamedtheboyBobonaro,orOrangeBoy.23.A.howtheyshoulddoB.howshouldtheydoC.whattheyshoulddoD.whatshouldt
6、heydo23.宾从（引导词、语序）宾从（引导词、语序）ClozeClozeLifewaswonderfuluntilsomerobbers（盗贼）movedontoanearbyisland.Therobberswerealwaysstealing24thingsfromthepeople.Bobonarowantedtodriveallofthemaway.Soheputsomeofhismothersdeliciousfoodinto25boxandlefthomewithitfortheisland.Alongtheway,hemetadog,amonkeyandabird.Bobon
7、arogaveeachof26somefoodandhelpedthemalot.Sotheybecamegoodfriends.27hetoldthemabouthisproblem,eachofthethreefriendssaid,Iwillhelpyougettherobbersaway.24.A.manyB.muchC.littleD.few 25.A.aB.anC.theD./26.A.theyB.theirC.themD.theirs 27.A.UnlessB.IfC.BeforeD.When24.修饰（不）可数？修饰（不）可数？表肯表肯/否？否？26.人称、物主代词人称、物主代
8、词连词（句意）连词（句意）ClozeCloze28.A.InB.OnC.WithD.At29.A.stoleB.werestolenC.stealD.arestolen30.A.isB.wasC.areD.were28thehelpofhisthreefriends,Bobonarodrovetherobbersawaysuccessfully.Heandhisfriendsreturnedhomewiththevaluablethingsthat29bytherobbers.Allthepeopleinthetown30_sohappytoseetheirthingsbackthatthey
9、cheeredandcalledhimahero.28.介词（固定搭配）介词（固定搭配）29.动词动词-谓语（时态、语态）谓语（时态、语态）30.动词动词-谓语（时态、主谓一致）谓语（时态、主谓一致）ClozeCloze语境型完形填空语境型完形填空命题特点命题特点 重在考查学生对语篇的整体理解能力，命题角重在考查学生对语篇的整体理解能力，命题角度以语境推断为主，度以语境推断为主，淡化语法，淡化语法，考查考生考查考生英语基础英语基础知识知识和和综合运用语言的能力综合运用语言的能力，其中包括，其中包括词汇辨析能词汇辨析能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑推理和判断能力力、阅读理解能力、逻辑推理和判断能力等。它
10、不等。它不仅要求考生具有扎实的基础知识，而且还要求考生仅要求考生具有扎实的基础知识，而且还要求考生具有独立分析、对比取舍及灵活处理问题的能力。具有独立分析、对比取舍及灵活处理问题的能力。命题原则是命题原则是“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化汇语境化”。实词中偏重于对。实词中偏重于对动词动词和和名词名词的考查，的考查，同时也兼顾对同时也兼顾对形容词、副词形容词、副词以及其它词类的考查。以及其它词类的考查。ClozeCloze近三年陕西中考近三年陕西中考语境型完形填空语境型完形填空考点设置考点设置名词 动词 形容词 连词 代词 副词体裁20213 2+1211 记叙
11、文20203 3+121 记叙文201923+11111 记叙文ClozeCloze1.1.注重首句，浏览全文注重首句，浏览全文,掌握大意。掌握大意。a.a.应用阅读技能应用阅读技能,进行缺词阅读进行缺词阅读.b.b.注意首段和每个段落的首句以及末段注意首段和每个段落的首句以及末段.注意：注意：要尽量避免文章空格的影响，初步了解文章大意。切莫纠缠于一句话、一个空，否则会断章取义，进入误区。2.2.注重语境，瞻前顾后注重语境，瞻前顾后,由易到难。由易到难。a.a.先填上固定搭配与习惯表达先填上固定搭配与习惯表达,基本句型等较容易的空基本句型等较容易的空格格.b.b.对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要
12、反复推敲对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲,力争突力争突破难点破难点.3.3.通读全文通读全文,检查核对，确保最佳。检查核对，确保最佳。语境型完形填空解题步骤与策略语境型完形填空解题步骤与策略Guessing the words(1)(1)首句不设空首句不设空 首句是文章的窗口，有助于了解或推测全文的大意。首句是文章的窗口，有助于了解或推测全文的大意。(2)(2)选项特点选项特点 同一小题的四个选项必须是同一词类。同一小题的四个选项必须是同一词类。(3)(3)设空方式设空方式 句子层面：句子层面：重要信息点可能在本句的空前或空后。重要信息点可能在本句的空前或空后。句组层面：句组层面：需在理
13、解空格所在句及其前句或后句需在理解空格所在句及其前句或后句基础上才可选出正确答案。基础上才可选出正确答案。语篇层面：语篇层面：需在理解前后几句或上下段落，甚至需在理解前后几句或上下段落，甚至整个篇章，才可选出正确答案。整个篇章，才可选出正确答案。完型填空的特点完型填空的特点ClozeCloze.Othercustomersfeltdisgusted(厌恶的)atthissight.“Ididwhatasonshoulddo.”saidJohn.Allthe_30aroundshowedrespect(尊敬)toJohn.Theyweretouchedbyhiskindness.30.A.wom
14、anB.womenC.customerD.customers原词复现原词复现句子、句组层面句子、句组层面(2019陕西，片段陕西，片段)ClozeCloze语篇层面语篇层面Lastsummer，wehadavolunteeractivityinavillageschoolinaschool.IntheschoolIsawanameFengAiguoonalist.Thismanofferedmuchmoneytotheschool.Ithoughthemustbea31.man.Oneday,onmywayhomefromschool，mybikewasbroken.Luckily,Ifoun
15、darepairingstand(修车摊)acrossfromthestreet.Anoldmanwas32bike.Afterawhiletheoldmangotmybikerepaired.36.Iwasleaving,anoldladycameandcalledhim“Aiguo”.Hetoldmeitwashishometownandthe39.therestillneededhelp.Sohealwayssavedmoneybyrepairingbikestohelpthem.ThenIwassurethathewasthepersononthe40.39.A.workersB.vi
16、sitorsC.ridersD.villagers40.AwayB.mapC.listD.book(2019陕西，片段陕西，片段)ClozeClozeMyfathertoldmethatthereusedtobeaforestnearourtown.Butthefarmerwhoownedtheforest31.treeseveryyearuntiloneyear,therewerenotreesleft.Oneday，ourteachertookusoutandwehada32.inthefieldwheretheforestusedtobe.Whileeatinganddrinkingwe
17、33.aboutthebeautifulforestweoncehad.Hetoldus.语境推断语境推断skill 1：context（上下文、语境）（上下文、语境）-2020陕西卷陕西卷31.A.cutupB.cutdownC.lookedforD.lookedafter32.A.picnicB.testC.wishD.lesson33.A.plannedB.fearedC.knewD.talkedClozeCloze.Hetolduswhathethoughtaboutthechange.“Itmakesmereally34.tolearnthataforesthasdisappeare
18、d.Mypeoplehavetaughtmeto35.thinksevengenerations(七代人)inthefuture.Thatstosay,whenwedosomethingtotheland，weshouldnever36.it.Wemustcareaboutnatureandleaveitgoodenoughforlatergenerations.”34.A.tiredB.excitedC.sadD.hopeful35.A.sometimesB.alwaysC.seldomD.never36.A.protectB.hurtC.studyD.sell语境推断语境推断-反义反义逻辑
19、推理逻辑推理生活常识生活常识Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）（逻辑推理）ClozeClozeWhenweheardwhathesaid,wekept37.first.“Letsplantsometrees!”saidourteacherafteramoment.“Itwillbeagood38.!Sothatswhatwedid.Fortherestofthespring,weworkedhardandweplantedthousandsoftrees.Thatwasfiveyearsago.Today,whenIstandinthatfieldwhichwasonceempty,Ise
20、e39.aboutastallasIam.Itsgreattoseehowweve40.thefield.Ittaughtusthepowerofthinkingaboutthefuture.意可知此处应用现在完成时意可知此处应用现在完成时语法知识语法知识词汇复现词汇复现 37.A.thankfulB.happyC.silentD.Shy38.A.startB.mistakeC.messD.warning39.A.treesB.leavesC.grassD.flowers40.A.brokenB.boughtC.wastedD.changed逻辑推理逻辑推理生活常识生活常识原词复现原词复现逻辑
21、推理逻辑推理语境推断语境推断Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）（逻辑推理）ClozeClozeWhentwopeopleareinaconversation,thespeakerwillonlylookatthelistenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerpaysattention5whatheorsheisspeaking5.A.for B.of C.with D.totopay attention to 注意注意Skill 3：regular collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配）ClozeClozeHestoo
22、dupandcleanedthetablefromtimetotime27silence.Ittooktheoldwomansometime_28eating.insilence沉默地Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.“做某事花费某人时间”27.A.onB.forC.inD.with28.A.tofinishB.finishC.finishesD.finishedSkill 3：regular collocation-2019陕西陕西ClozeClozeButbyusingliterarytexts(文学文本)alongsideothertexts,teachers
23、can7studentsimprovetheirreadingskills.7.A.want B.help C.get D.askSkill 4：words analysis（词义辨析）（词义辨析）ClozeClozeButwerunsofastthat,afterwards,wehadtrouble8.8.A.speaking B.moving C.sleeping D.breathingSkill 5：background knowledgeClozeCloze1 1、跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意、跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意3、复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案、复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案2
24、、瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破、瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破ClozeCloze1、context（上下文、语境）（上下文、语境）3、regular collocation（固定搭配）（固定搭配）2、logic（逻辑）（逻辑）4、words analysis（词义辨析）（词义辨析）5、background knowledge（背景知识）（背景知识）ClozeClozeTips to Close Test1 1注重注重首、尾句首、尾句。2 2克服畏难、急躁情绪克服畏难、急躁情绪,耐心耐心通读全文。通读全文。3 3切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答 案，必须案，必须纵
25、观纵观全文、全文、通篇通篇考虑。考虑。4 4先易后难先易后难,注意从文中同样结构或类似结注意从文中同样结构或类似结构中构中寻找提示寻找提示，从语篇，从语篇(上下语境上下语境)意义上意义上加以鉴别。加以鉴别。5.5.Clozetestsareinterestingandchallenging,thoughdifficult.ClozeCloze Close tests are interesting and challenging,though difficult.ClozeCloze Martin Luther King was an important Martin Luther King
26、was an important 1 1 of black of black people in American.He believed that black people and people in American.He believed that black people and white people should have equal rights.In 1963,Dr Kingwhite people should have equal rights.In 1963,Dr King led a march in Washington D.C.A lot of Americans
27、 led a march in Washington D.C.A lot of Americans went there to take part in the went there to take part in the 2 2 .They wanted the .They wanted the government to government to 3 3 the laws that were unfair to black the laws that were unfair to black people.Dr King believed in gaining equal rights
28、for all people.Dr King believed in gaining equal rights for all people through peace and not force.When he was killed people through peace and not force.When he was killed in 1968,the United States in 1968,the United States 4 4 a great leader.a great leader.1)A.runner B.singer C.leader D.teacher1)A.
29、runner B.singer C.leader D.teacher 2)A.crowd B.war C.group D.march 2)A.crowd B.war C.group D.march 3)A.sign B sell C.pass D.change 3)A.sign B sell C.pass D.change 4)A.lost B.found C.bought D.died 4)A.lost B.found C.bought D.died应用阅读技能应用阅读技能,进行缺词阅读进行缺词阅读.Read through thepassage,thenyoumayfindtheanswe
30、risjustinthepassage.ClozeClozeRemysmothergotsickbeforehewasborn.Shecouldnot31Remy.Soheneededafostermothertotakecareofhim.Afostermotherisamotherwhotakessomeoneelseschildintoher_32andcaresforthechildforaperiodoftimejustaswhatshewoulddotoherownchild.Inourhumansociety,whenachilds33_meettheirunfortunate（
31、不幸的）deathsforacertainreasonorreasons,oritsparentsbecometoo_34tolookafterit,thischildwillhavetofindafosterfamily,especiallywhenitisababyorataveryyoungage.Intheworldof35innature,theyoungmaynotbesoluckyoreasytofindafosterparentiftheirparentsdieor36theabilitytoraisethem.Mostofthemwillhavetofacea37_end.W
32、illRemybeasunluckyasmostoftheunfortunateyoung?Maduisagrown-uporangutan.She38hadababyofherown.Butshehadcaredfortwootherorangutanbabiesthatdidnthavemoms.WouldMadubeafostermothertoRemy,too?Withhisblanketandtoys,Remywentto39Madu.Itwasloveatfirstsight.SoonRemyclimbedonMadusback.RemywatchedMadu.Madutaught
33、Remywhattoeat,40shealsoshowedhimhowtohangandclimb.Remylearnedhowtobeanorangutan.Exercise2021陕西中考陕西中考ClozeClozeRemysmothergotsickbeforehewasborn.Shecouldnot31Remy.Soheneededafostermothertotakecareofhim.Afostermotherisamotherwhotakessomeoneelseschildintoher_32andcaresforthechildforaperiodoftimejustasw
34、hatshewoulddotoherownchild.Inourhumansociety,whenachilds33_meettheirunfortunate（不幸的）deathsforacertainreasonorreasons,oritsparentsbecometoo_34tolookafterit,thischildwillhavetofindafosterfamily,especiallywhenitisababyorataveryyoungage.31.A.lookafterB.lookatC.lookfor D.looklike 32.A.officeB.company C.s
35、hopD.family33.A.relativesB.neighborsC.parentsD.friends34.A.sickB.kindC.healthyD.richClozeClozeIntheworldof35innature,theyoungmaynotbesoluckyoreasytofindafosterparentiftheirparentsdieor36theabilitytoraisethem.Mostofthemwillhavetfacea37_end.WillRemybeasunluckyasmostoftheunfortunateyoung?Maduisagrown-u
36、porangutan.She38hadababyofherown.Butshehadcaredfortwootherorangutanbabiesthatdidnthavemoms.WouldMadubeafostermothertoRemy,too?35.A.plantsB.animalsC.waterD.space 36.A.haveB.loseC.developD.keep37,A.movingB.boringC.happyD.sad38.A.seldomB.oftenC.sometimesD.neverClozeClozeWithhisblanketandtoys,Remywentto39Madu.Itwasloveatfirstsight.SoonRemyclimbedonMadusback.RemywatchedMadu.MadutaughtRemywhattoeat,40shealsoshowedhimhowtohangandclimb.Remylearnedhowtobeanorangutan.39.A.refuseB.meetC.control D.hurt40.A.andB.butC.orD.so
