1、考点解读 阅读理解是中考必考的一大类型题，阅读理解是中考必考的一大类型题，分值分值3030分，占比非常大，题量也很大。考分，占比非常大，题量也很大。考察学生对于有关信息的加工能力。阅读理察学生对于有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。正确率。思维导图命题类型主旨大意型细节理解型推理判断型词义猜测型细节理解型的解题方法和技巧细节理解型的解题方法和技巧:如何确定细节和事实?考查细节和事实的题目有两个共同特点:(1)其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。可能句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细
2、节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，要做好阅读理解中的确定细节和事实的题目，一要在文章中找出相应的信息点，二要排除干扰项。1.直接信息法1.定关键词2.查寻原文3.仔细对比比对选项和原文细节，确定答案在原文中查读关键词原词或其派生词，近义词或反义词，找相关句子通过题干信息确定关键词，如与人物，事件，地点，时间等相关的名词或动词典例剖析 And what about our local police who protect our families,our homes and valuable things?The police have helped so many
3、 families this past year,especially saving people and pets and protecting our houses and other things after the heavy rains.62.Who offered help to families after the heavy rains?A.Firemen.B.Doctors.C.Road workers.D.Local police.根据题干中的关键信息“after the heavy rains”定位到本段第二句The police have helped so many
4、families this past year,especially saving people and pets and protecting our houses and other things after the heavy rains.62.Who offered help to families after the heavy rains 由此可知，答案是警察。故选D。方法训练 You also might have heard that sleepwalkers can get frightened if you wake them up.Thats true,so what d
5、o you do if you see someone sleepwalking?You should call for a grown-up who can lead the person back to bed.And once the sleepwalker is tucked back in bed,its time for you to get some sleep,too!1.What should we do if we see people sleep walking?A.Wake them up.B.Walk around with them.C.Do nothing and
6、 get your own sleep.D.Ask grown-ups to lead them to bed.2.同义转换法第一步第二步第三步定位题干关键词和原文信息的转换形式利用四种正确选项特征确定答案：同义近义反义复现，同源词复现，词性或语态有所变化，简化原文复杂表达阅读题干，确定关键词，寻读原文相关信息。典例剖析 There are lots of different ways to spend your free time.You can choose as many clubs as you like.You dont need to have any special skills
7、 to join us.They are also FREE for all our students.57.If students join the clubs,they_.dont need to pay B.cant choose over twoC.must go every day D.must have special skills剖析:根据本段最后一句“They are also FREE for all our students.”可知，加入俱乐部是免费的。对比选项可知A项dont need to pay和“FREE为同义转换。故选A。方法训练 Nejats robots ar
8、e designed to fill an increasing need:care-giving for the old.The population of the people age 80 will be 426 million in 2050,three times larger than that now.3.Nejats robots are designed to _.A.work in the factory B.make phone calls C.take care of the old D.knock on doors考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解考查对阅读材料全篇的
9、逻辑关系的理解1)Many visitors come to the writers city to_.2)Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because_.考查在全文的基础上进行推理和判断的能力考查在全文的基础上进行推理和判断的能力1)We can guess the writer of the letter may be a_.2)We can infer from the text that_.3)From the story we can guess_.考查推断作者意图和态度的能力考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。其主
10、要提问方式是。其主要提问方式是1)How did the writer feel at Vienna station?2)The writer writes this text to_.3)The writer believes that_.4)The writer suggests that_.考察方向典例剖析 Jacob：Id like to be a mountain climbing guide for several reasons.Number One,mountain climbing is very exciting.Mountain-climbing guides get t
11、o climb tall dangerous mountains,right?Number Two,I enjoy working outdoors and helping others.Number Three,mountain-climbing guides travel widely and meet many fun people.Fred:My choice is to be a vet(善医).Why?I like animals.Animals bring a lot of joy to our lives,but they ask for a little in return.
12、I also enjoy helping animals and their owners feel better.Pet owners are happy when their pets are well.Finally,vets get to work with other people who like animals.典例剖析 Anne:Ha,my dream job?An accountant(会计)!I think its interesting.Im good at numbers,you know,and I also like helping people manage th
13、eir money.Good accountants are well paid,and l want to manage my own money,of course.But the most important of all,accountants mostly work alone,and I like to work alone.Jessica:Id like to become an animator(动画片制作者)and make films like Toy Story,Shrek,and Cars.You see,I love drawing and I love workin
14、g on computers.Id like to help people relax and enjoy their life.Animators can make a lot of money,too.53.What do the four students have in common?A.They enjoy working outside.B.They enjoy offering help to others.C.They hope to meet fun people.D.They hope to make a lot of money.方法训练 “I think people
15、like knowing that theyre not alone even if they have to stay at home,and they really try to pick out those who are similar to themselves in the photos,“Ruth said.”Its also a different view(视角)of the pandemic:the more human view.Instead of showing what the pandemic has taken from us,it shows that it
16、has given us more chances to be with family and friends and spend time together.4.According to what Ruth said in this paragraph,“the more human view shows_.A.the beauty of streets in a city of IrelandB.how people do things when staying at homeC.the moment of family and friends being togetherD.what t
17、he global pandemic has taken from people1.Although the early morning had been very cool,the noonday sun was tropical.（热的）（热的）2.Tom is lazy,but his brother is industrious.（勤奋的）（勤奋的）1.Tom enjoys talking,and he is the most loquacious of all the boys in the class.爱说话的爱说话的2.Like clever David,Richard may
18、be intelligent.聪明的聪明的1.It will be very hard but also very brittle-that is,it will break easily.脆的，易碎的脆的，易碎的2.He is an illiterate,he can not read or write.文盲文盲1.The shop sells stationery,such as pens,pencils,paper,envelopes,and so on.文具文具2.We took the provision with us to camp,for example,there were
19、meat,bread,milk,sugar and fruit.食品食品 There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground.It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean.The island is North Island in New Zealand.What does the word“steam”mean in Chinese?A.自来水自来水 B.大气大气 C.冰川冰川 D.蒸汽蒸汽评析评析:从语法上看，从语法上看，steam和和h
20、ot water是并列关系是并列关系,我们就以断定这我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽蒸汽”有这种可能。有这种可能。总结定义释义同义反义情景推断例举1.同义关系1.This boss wanted privacy because he knew that being alone would help him solve his problem.2.Children often try to emulate,or copy the behavior that they see on television
21、.2.反义关系1.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,however,his wife is very thrifty.2.His shirt was clean,but his shoes were grubby.3.定义，释义关系1.Finally the enemy surrendered.They threw down their guns and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads.2.The herdsman,who look
22、s after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.4.举例1.When a farmer keeps livestock such as cows,sheep,pigs or goats,he must give them grain,vegetables,grasses,etc.2.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances,for example,washing machines,fridges and color televisions.5.情景判断 When he
23、heard about the news,he was not happy.He was very worried that the land and water would be polluted.Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area，and how the houses would affect the local environment.He sent letters to members of local government and television reporters.He also called on his neighbors to oppose the building of the houses.62.The underlined word oppose in the passage probably means _.A.Support B.Dislike C.Disagree D.Prefer思维导图命题类型主旨大意型细节理解型推理判断型词义猜测型Thank you!Thank you!
