1、动词的分类01动词的用法020301 动词的分类02 动词的用法实义动词一、实义动词l 实义动词也叫行为动词,有完整的意义,分为及物动词(必须有宾语)和不及物动词(不需要宾语)。l 实义动词有人称、时态的变化,要根据主语和句子的时间实义动词有人称、时态的变化,要根据主语和句子的时间状语来定。状语来定。1.及物动词本身意义不完整,后面需要接宾语。及物动词本身意义不完整,后面需要接宾语。如:I like this book.我喜欢这本书。(动词宾语)I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园琬。(动词宾语宾补)2.不及物动词本
2、身意义完整,后面不用接宾语。不及物动词本身意义完整,后面不用接宾语。如:Horses run very fast.马跑得很快。3.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,通过看其后是否直接有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,通过看其后是否直接接宾语来区别。接宾语来区别。如:He studies English very hard.他学习英语非常努力。(及物动词)He studies very hard.他学习非常努力。(不及物动词)系动词二、系动词l 系动词,也称连系动词,是用来辅助主语的动词。它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,其后必须跟表语,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
3、主要有:be,look,taste,smell,sound,feel,get,become,grow,turn,go,fall,come,keep,stay,remain,seem,appear等。1.状态系动词(状态系动词(be 动词)动词)(1)形式一般会随人称及时态的变化而变化。(2)后面接名词、代词、数词、介词或形容词等。如:Tina is a teacher.He was in Beijing yesterday.2.感官系统词感官系统词(1)感官系动词有:look,taste,smell,sound,feel等。(2)后面接形容词(3)表示“看(听,闻.)起来像.”的结构:look
4、/sound/smell like,后面接名词或代词 如:The sky looks beautiful.The hamburger tastes good.That sounds interesting.How does it smell?3.变化系动词变化系动词 变化系动词有:get,become,grow,turn,go,fall,come如:She got mad after arguing with her husband.The leaves turn green when spring comes.Toms dream came true at last.As time went
5、 on,he became more and more impatient.4.持续系动词持续系动词(1)用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度。(2)主要有keep,stay,remain,后接形容词。如:We should keep quiet in the library.This matter remains a mistery.5.表像系动词表像系动词(1)用来表示“看起来像”这个概念。(2)主要有look,seem,appear,后接形容词。如:He looks sleepy.She seems to be sad.情态动词三、情态动词l 情态动词,本身有一定的词义,表示语气的单词。
6、但是情态动词不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。l 常见的有:can(could),may(might),must,need,ought to,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would)。情态动词can 表示能力could 表示过去的能力(can的过去式),有礼貌的请求may 表示允许或征求对方许可might 表示过去的允许(may的过去式),表示可能性must 表示必须、应该need 表示需要,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中shoud 表示应该,表示建议和推测ought 表示应该,语气比should要强一些shall 表示征求对方的意见,用于第一人称w
7、ill 表示意志或决心would 表示主观一只(will的过去式)情态动词和助动词一样,后面可直接跟否定词notl shall not-shant l will not-wont l can not-cantl must not-mustnt l should not-shouldnt l would not-wouldnt l could not-couldnt l dare not-darent l need not-neednt 1.情态动词+行为动词原形如:I can play the piano.我会弹钢琴。May I help you?我可以帮助到你吗?We should go t
8、o bed before 10 oclock.我们应该在10点前睡觉。2.情态动词表猜测的三种句式(1)在肯定句中一般用must(一定),could(可能),might/may(也许,或许)。如:Miss Lin must/could/might know the answer to the question.林老师一定/可能/或许知道这个问题的答案。The light is on,he must be at home.灯是亮着的,他肯定在家。情态动词表猜测的三种句式(1)否定句中用cant/couldnt(不可能),may not/might not(可能不)。如:That cant be
9、Lucy.She has gone to Beijing.那不可能是露西,她去北京了。She might know where is the key.她可能知道钥匙在哪里。情态动词表猜测的三种句式(1)疑问句中把can/could放为句首。如:Can you give me a favor?你可以帮我一个忙吗?Could he have finished the homework?他可能把作业完成了吗?助动词四、助动词l 助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,须和其他动词连用,帮助构成时态、语态、否定与和疑问句等结构。常见的助动词有:be(am/is/are),have(has/had
10、),do(does/did),will(would)等。助动词助动词用法用法例子例子be(am,is,are,was,were)与实义动词构成现在进行时、过去进行时(be+doing)或者被动语态(be+done)We are watching TV in the living room.He was playing football at 7:00 last night.English is spoken in many countries.do,does,did用于实义动词的否定句和疑问句中。Do you have a mobie phone?She doesnt like ice cream.Did you do your homework last night?will与实义动词构成一般将来时。I will tell you a story this evening.She will come back tomorrow.Thank you!