1、 定语从句在从句中起定语作用，修定语从句在从句中起定语作用，修饰句中的某一名词或代词，被定语从句饰句中的某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫修饰的词叫先行词先行词。定语从句需用下列。定语从句需用下列关联词关联词：定语从句（定语从句（Attributive Clause）关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词起连词作用，本身又作起连词作用，本身又作从句中的主语、宾语、从句中的主语、宾语、表语或定语。表语或定语。即起连接作用，本身即起连接作用，本身又在从句中作时间、又在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。地点或原因状语。who,whom(的人）的人）whose(某人的某人的）which(东西，指物东西，指物)
2、that(的人或物，指的人或物，指物或人）物或人）as(象象那样的，和那样的，和相同，正如相同，正如)when(的时候，修的时候，修饰的时间名词饰的时间名词)where(的地方修的地方修饰场所、方位等名词饰场所、方位等名词)why(原因；原因；理理由由)定语从句例句解析定语从句例句解析：(1)The girl who/that is standing there is Mary.(who,that指人，在从句中作主语）指人，在从句中作主语）(2)The man(whom/who/that)my mother saw in the street is my teacher.(whom,who,t
3、hat指人，在从句中作宾语，也可指人，在从句中作宾语，也可 省略省略)(3)The book which/that tells us about the earth is interesting.(which,that指物，在从句中作主语指物，在从句中作主语,不可省略不可省略)(4)The building(which/that)he referred to is beautiful.(which,that指物，在从句中作宾语，可省略）指物，在从句中作宾语，可省略）(5)She lives in a house whose windows face south.(whose指物，在从句中作指物
4、，在从句中作windows的定语）的定语）(6)The company will employ a person whose English is good.(whose在从句中指人，作定语在从句中指人，作定语)Whose即可指人，也可指物，是所有格，在从句中即可指人，也可指物，是所有格，在从句中作定语，指物时可与作定语，指物时可与of which互换。互换。This is the book whose cover/the cover of which/of which the cover is blue.(7)Ill never forget the day when I joined th
5、e army.(when指时间，在从句中做时间状语指时间，在从句中做时间状语)(8)I wont forget the factory where my father worked.(where指地点，在从句中作地点状语指地点，在从句中作地点状语)(9)Tell me the reason why you came late.(why表示原因，在从句中作原因状语表示原因，在从句中作原因状语)注意几点：注意几点：1.1.that指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下互换，但在下列情况中一般不可以用列情况中一般不可以用which:which:当先行词为当先行词为all,much,l
6、ittle,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：等不定代词时，如：a.All that can be done has been done.b.I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.c.There is little(that)the enemy can do besides surrender.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：修饰时：Ive read all the books(that)you gave
7、 me.先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。a.This is the first composition(that)he has written in English.b.Its the best novel(that)I have ever read.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the last 修饰时修饰时 a.That white flower is the only one(that)I really like.b.This is the very book(that)I want to find.先行词是疑问词先行词是疑问
8、词who,which,what 时，定语从句用时，定语从句用 that而不用而不用who,(whom)和和which引导。引导。a.Who is the person that is standing at the gate?b.Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?c.What that is on the table belongs to me?当先行词既有人又有物时，定语从句要用当先行词既有人又有物时，定语从句要用that而而不用不用who(whom)和和which引导。如引导。如：He tal
9、ked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.当关系代词在从句中作表语时当关系代词在从句中作表语时：Mary is no longer the girl(that)she used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句作用，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不
10、完整或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主的意思就会不完整或不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。句之间不能用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍是对先行词作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚然完整或清楚.从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如：从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。如：a.Abraham Lincoln,who led the United States through these years,was murdered on April 14,1865.b.He lives in another
11、 town,which is only about an hours ride from here.c.Soon they arrived at a farmhouse,in front of which sat a small boy.d.They set up a separate state of their own,where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用，指人时用who(主语主语),whom(宾语宾语)，指物时须，指物时须
12、用用which.作宾语时不能省略。作宾语时不能省略。3.3.只能用只能用whichwhich不能用不能用thatthat的情况的情况:引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时。引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时。如：如：a.Bruce went toward the fire,which was still smoking.b.He came late again,which made the teacher angry.先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。如：先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。如：This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.如果
13、介词后置：如果介词后置：This is the house which/that Lu Xun lived in.或是或是 This is the house where Lu Xun lived.4.关系副词关系副词when,where,why其含义相当于其含义相当于on which,in which,for which，所以可以交替使用。如：，所以可以交替使用。如：The day on which/when I met him first was May 1st.The year in which/when I came here was 1998.The reason why/for w
14、hich he was late was that he got up late.The room in which he lives faces south.which/that he lives in where he lives 5.5.有时可用有时可用thatthat代替关系副词，在口语中常代替关系副词，在口语中常可以省略。如：可以省略。如：This is the reason(why/for which/that)he came late.This is the way(that/in which)he did it.练习题练习题1、All_ is useful to us is g
15、ood.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the oneD3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD5、This is the factory_we visited last
16、 year.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、the oneA6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB7、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whichB8、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentenc
17、e can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA9、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at,many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;thatC11、Those _ to ta
18、ke part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB12、I，_ your good friend,will try my best to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D13、His walking stick,_ he cant walk,was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、without whichD14、They have decided to finish t
19、heir work,_ I think is a wise choice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC15、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/D16、This is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC17、There are three libraries in our school,_ were built five years ago.A、all of themB、either of themC、all of whichD、both of thatC18、He told me the reason _ he didnt come here.A、whichB、thatC、whyD、whatC19、This is the reason _ he told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for thatA20、Which of the two cows _ you keep produces more milk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB
