1、2 0 2 0代代 词词代代 词词关系代词关系代词疑问代词疑问代词不定代词不定代词相互代词相互代词人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词语法图解语法图解形容形容词性词性名词性名词性单数:单数:my,your,her,his,its复数:复数:our,your,their单数:单数:mine,yours,hers,his,its复数:复数:ours,yours,theirs主格主格宾格宾格单数:单数:I,you,she,he,it复数:复数:we,you,they单数:单数:me,you,her,him,it复数:复数:us,you,them代词代词反身反身代词代词人称
2、人称代词代词物主物主代词代词不定不定代词代词疑问疑问代词代词指示指示代词代词代词代词反身反身代词代词人称人称代词代词物主物主代词代词不定不定代词代词疑问疑问代词代词指示指示代词代词泛指泛指上下文上下文中中提及的同类异物提及的同类异物 onethat,those特指特指上下文中提到的同上下文中提到的同一事物一事物说话人说话人对谈论对象的性别不清对谈论对象的性别不清楚时楚时,用,用it代替代替指代离自己较远的人或物指代离自己较远的人或物比较结构中代替前面提到比较结构中代替前面提到的名词,以免重复的名词,以免重复it指代离自己较近的人或指代离自己较近的人或物物 this,these语法图解语法图解语
3、法图解语法图解代词代词反身反身代词代词人称人称代词代词物主物主代词代词不定不定代词代词疑问疑问代词代词指示指示代词代词复合复合不定不定代词代词many/much,few/a few,little/a little,other/the other/another/others,some/any,either/neither/both/all等等someone/somebody/something,anyone/anybody/anything,nobody/nothingeveryone/everybody/everything等等普通普通不定不定代词代词1 1:定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物
4、或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一:定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。人称分类 第一人称第二人称第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数复数 主 格 Iweyouyouhesheitthey宾 格meusyouyouhimheritthem用法口诀:用法口诀:人称代词分两格,主格宾格来分说;人称代词分两格,主格宾格来分说;主格主格定把定把主语主语作,作,宾格宾格作作宾宾不会错
5、。不会错。人称代词主格:作主语,表示谁怎么样了、干什么了,即动作的发出者、执行者。人称代词主格:作主语,表示谁怎么样了、干什么了,即动作的发出者、执行者。_ _ 我是一名学生。我是一名学生。_ _ 他是一名学生。他是一名学生。_ _ 我们是学生。我们是学生。人称代词宾格作宾语,表示动作的对象;常用在动词或介词后。人称代词宾格作宾语,表示动作的对象;常用在动词或介词后。_ _ 我的爸妈非常喜欢我。我的爸妈非常喜欢我。_ _ 他给我一本书。他给我一本书。1.1.单数人称单数人称 2 2,3,1 3,1(you-he/she-Iyou-he/she-I)2.2.复数人称复数人称 1 1,2 2,3(
6、we-you-they)3(we-you-they)3.3.表示犯错表示犯错 1 1 在前在前(I/me(I/me或或we/us)we/us)放在第一位,表示勇于承担责任。放在第一位,表示勇于承担责任。4.4.男女并列时,男在前(男女并列时,男在前(he-shehe-she)5.5.两个或两个以上的人称代词并列充当主语时,两个或两个以上的人称代词并列充当主语时,2,1 2,1 或或 3,1 3,1。_,_ and _ are good friends._,_ and _ are good friends._,_,and _should return on time._,_,and _shoul
7、d return on time._and _made her angry._and _made her angry._and _ dont agree with me._and _ dont agree with me.Both _and _ are good at playing basketball.Both _and _ are good at playing basketball.itit1.1.除了可以指人指物之外除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义。等含义。-Whats the weather like to
8、day?-Whats the weather like today?今天天气怎样?今天天气怎样?-ItIts fine.s fine.天气晴好天气晴好.-Whats the time?-Whats the time?几点啦?几点啦?-ItIts 12s 12:00.1200.12点点.ItIts a long way to go.s a long way to go.那可要走好长的路那可要走好长的路.ItIt took him three days to clean his house.took him three days to clean his house.打扫屋子花了他三天的时间打扫屋
9、子花了他三天的时间.It It is very is very easy to learn English.easy to learn English.We found We found itit very difficult to learn a foreign language well.very difficult to learn a foreign language well.我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的.2.2.只带上文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词,也可指代整个句子;只带上文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词,也可指代整个句子;I droppe
10、d my pen and I dropped my pen and itit broke.broke.我把钢笔掉了并摔坏了。我把钢笔掉了并摔坏了。This is my pet dog and This is my pet dog and itit is black.is black.这是我的宠物狗,它是黑色的。这是我的宠物狗,它是黑色的。3.3.可以指代婴儿。性别或身份不明确的人。可以指代婴儿。性别或身份不明确的人。Who is knocking at the door?I think Who is knocking at the door?I think itit may be Tom.ma
11、y be Tom.谁在敲门?我想可能是汤姆。谁在敲门?我想可能是汤姆。What a beautiful baby!Is What a beautiful baby!Is itit a girl?a girl?好漂亮的宝宝啊!是女孩吗?好漂亮的宝宝啊!是女孩吗?4.4.可以用作形式主语或形式宾语。可以用作形式主语或形式宾语。ItIts important for us s important for us.对我们来说,保护对我们来说,保护 环境很重要。环境很重要。I find I find itit interesting interesting.我发现学英语很有趣。我发现学英语很有趣。真正主语
12、真正主语真正宾语真正宾语5.it5.it和和oneone的区别;的区别;it特指前面提到的同一件事物,用于指代可数名词。特指前面提到的同一件事物,用于指代可数名词。(同类又同物)(同类又同物)I bought a pen.Its a good pen.我买了一我买了一支支钢笔。它是一支非常好的钢笔。钢笔。它是一支非常好的钢笔。one是泛指,用于指代上文提及的同类事物中的一个,是泛指,用于指代上文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类但不同物同类但不同物,相当于,相当于“a+可数名词单数可数名词单数”Your pen is good.Iwant to buy one.你的钢笔很好。我想买一你的钢笔很好。我
13、想买一支。支。I lost my pen.I want to buy a new one.我的钢笔丢了,我想买一支新的。我的钢笔丢了,我想买一支新的。重点总结重点总结1.It+be+adj.(for sb.)+to+do sth.“1.It+be+adj.(for sb.)+to+do sth.“对某人来说做某事是对某人来说做某事是.的的”.”.ItIt is very important for me to learn a foreign language.is very important for me to learn a foreign language.学一门外语对我来说非常重要。学
14、一门外语对我来说非常重要。2.2.It+be+adj.+of sb.+to+do sth.“It+be+adj.+of sb.+to+do sth.“某人来做某事是某人来做某事是.的的”.”.It is kind of you to helpIt is kind of you to help me with my English.me with my English.你帮我学习英语真是太好了。你帮我学习英语真是太好了。3.It+takes/took(sb.)+some time+to do sth.“3.It+takes/took(sb.)+some time+to do sth.“花费某人花
15、费某人.时间做时间做某事某事”.”.It took him four hours to getIt took him four hours to get there yesterday.there yesterday.昨天他花费了昨天他花费了4 4个小时才到那里。个小时才到那里。4.Its time to do/for/that.“4.Its time to do/for/that.“到了做到了做.的时间了的时间了”。Its time to goIts time to go to school.to school.到上学的时间了。到上学的时间了。5.It seems that.“5.It se
16、ems that.“看起来好像看起来好像.”.”。It seems that It seems that he is not quite himeself today.he is not quite himeself today.他今天看起来好像不太舒服。他今天看起来好像不太舒服。6.Its ones turn to do.“6.Its ones turn to do.“轮到某人做轮到某人做.”.”。Its your turn toIts your turn to perform.perform.轮到你表演了。轮到你表演了。A)用下列词的适当形式填空。1._ is my aunt.We oft
17、en visit _.(she)2.China is a developing country._is in the east of Asia.(it)3.These new houses are so nice._ are very expensive.(them)4.Ling Ling is a girl._ studies in a primary school.5.Mike is my classmate._ is good at English.(he)6.Kate wants a glass of milk.Will you pass it to _?(she)7.Whats th
18、e weather like today?_ is cloudy.(it)人称代词与物主代词人称代词与物主代词满分秘籍满分秘籍提分特训提分特训易失分点易失分点区分用法成分人称代词指代人或物作主语(主格),作宾语(宾格)物主代词表示所有关系形容词性物主代词作定语名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词,具有名词特性,可作主语、宾语、宾补人称代词与物主代词人称代词与物主代词满分秘籍满分秘籍提分特训提分特训易失分点易失分点注意几个形式一样却有不同意思的代词注意几个形式一样却有不同意思的代词:u her既可以是宾格既可以是宾格,也可以是形容词性物主代词也可以是形容词性物主代词;u his,its既是形容
19、词性物主代词也是名词性物主代词。既是形容词性物主代词也是名词性物主代词。1.1.定义:物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,用来说明某物属于某人或与某人有关。定义:物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,用来说明某物属于某人或与某人有关。人称分类 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数复数形容词性 myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性 mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs用法口诀:用法口诀:物主代词两类型,形容词性、名词性。物主代词两类型,形容词性、名词性。形容词性作形容词性作定语定语,后面定把名词用后面定把名词用。名词性、名词性、独立
20、独立用,用,主宾表语主宾表语它都充。它都充。(1)形容词性物主代词只可做定语。相当于形容词,置于名词前做定语。Whats your name?可以与其他形容词一起修饰名词。Whos her best friend?若名词前已有形容词性物主代词修饰,则不能再用冠词或指示代词。This is my.(2)名词性物主代词的用法。相当于相当于“形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词”。不能用于名词之前。在句中做主语、表语、宾。不能用于名词之前。在句中做主语、表语、宾语或者与语或者与ofof连用做定语。连用做定语。做主语做主语 Please lend me your pen.Mine was sto
21、len.请把你的钢笔借给我,我的钢笔被偷了。请把你的钢笔借给我,我的钢笔被偷了。做宾语做宾语 Her bike is new,but I like yours.她的自行车很新,但我喜欢你的自行车。她的自行车很新,但我喜欢你的自行车。做表语做表语 Is this bike yours?这辆车是你的吗?这辆车是你的吗?名词性物主代词做主语时,谓语动词的数由名词性物主代词所指代的数而定。That is Toms bike.is white.那是汤姆的自行车。我的是白色的。Her pens are cheap.are expensive.她的钢笔很便宜。我的钢笔很贵。一、用括号中的适当形式填空 (1)
22、Are these _(you)pencils?Yes,they are _(our).(2)Whose is this pencil?Its _(I).(3)I love _(they)very much.(4)She is_(I)classmate.(5)Miss Li often looks after_(she)brother.(6)Are these _(they)bags?No,they arent _(their).They are _(we).二、根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词填空:1.Mary works in a book store._ likes _work ver
23、y much.2.John and I are in the same school._ go to school together.3.Her sister makes all _ own dresses.4.I have many friends.Some of_are good at English.5.May I use _ bike?_is broken.人称分类第一人称第二人称 第三人称单数myself yourself himself herself itself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves 反身代词:表示我自己,你自己反身代词:表示我自己
24、,你自己.等的词。等的词。反身代词反身代词满分秘籍满分秘籍提分特训提分特训反身代词是代词的常考考点之一反身代词是代词的常考考点之一。u 答题答题时主要考虑反身代词和句子的主语保持一致时主要考虑反身代词和句子的主语保持一致。u 牢记牢记一些常见的反身代词短语也是提分的关键一些常见的反身代词短语也是提分的关键。易失分点易失分点help oneself(to)help oneself(to)随便吃随便吃/喝喝enjoy oneself enjoy oneself 玩得愉快玩得愉快dress oneself dress oneself 自己穿衣服自己穿衣服hurt oneself hurt onese
25、lf 伤害自己伤害自己teach oneself teach oneself 自学自学lose oneself lose oneself 沉迷于沉迷于by oneself by oneself 单独地,独自地单独地,独自地look after oneself look after oneself 照顾自己照顾自己1.1.用动词或介词用动词或介词作宾语。作宾语。I enjoy I enjoy myselfmyself at the party.at the party.在聚会上我玩的很高兴。在聚会上我玩的很高兴。(作动词的宾语)(作动词的宾语)Take good care of Take goo
26、d care of yourselfyourself.照顾好你自己。照顾好你自己。(作介词的宾语)(作介词的宾语)2.2.作同位语:一般有两个位置:放在所涉及的名词、代词之后或者放在句末:作同位语:一般有两个位置:放在所涉及的名词、代词之后或者放在句末:You can go and ask John You can go and ask John himselfhimself.你可以去问约翰本人。你可以去问约翰本人。(作宾语的同位语)(作宾语的同位语)Tom Tom himselfhimself worked out the problem worked out the problem.汤姆自
27、己解决的这个问题。汤姆自己解决的这个问题。(作主语的同位语)(作主语的同位语)注意:英语的反身代词不能单独充当句子的主语:注意:英语的反身代词不能单独充当句子的主语:(误)(误)He asked people to do what himself did not want to do.He asked people to do what himself did not want to do.(正)(正)He asked people to do what he himself did not want to do.He asked people to do what he himself di
28、d not want to do.3.3.反身代词做表语反身代词做表语You dont seem You dont seem yourselfyourself today.today.今天你好像状态不好。(做表语)今天你好像状态不好。(做表语)1.Those girls enjoyed _ in the party last night.A.them B.they C.themselves D.herself 2.Help _ to some fish,children.A.yourself B.your C.yours D.Yourselves3.The film _ is very fun
29、.A.its B.itself C.it D.its 4.Who teaches _ math?I teach _.A.your,myself B.you,myself C.you,me D.you,herself 5.The father will make _ a bike _.A.her,himself B.she,himself C.her,herself D.she,herself 6.The scarf is _,she made it_.6.The scarf is _,she made it_.A.herself,her B.herself,hers C.hers,hersel
30、f D.her,A.herself,her B.herself,hers C.hers,herself D.her,herself herself 7.Liu Hulans death was great.She thought more of others than 7.Liu Hulans death was great.She thought more of others than _._.A.her B.she C.hers D.herself A.her B.she C.hers D.herself 8.Luckily,he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterd
31、ay.8.Luckily,he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterday.A.him B.themselves C.himself D.they A.him B.themselves C.himself D.they 9.I cant mend my shoe _.Can you mend it for _?9.I cant mend my shoe _.Can you mend it for _?A.myself,me B.myself,I C.me,I D.I,me A.myself,me B.myself,I C.me,I D.I,me 是用来指示或标识人或事物的代
32、词。是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。指示代词指示代词用法用法例句例句this(these)用于指时间或空间上较近的事物Is this your pen?These are my books.that(those)用于指时间或空间上较远的事物That dictionary is Mary s.Are those your books?1 1.that that 和和thosethose代替前面提到的东西,以避免重复这个名词。代替前面提到的东西,以避免重复这个名词。My seat is next to that of the mayor.My seat is next to that of the
33、 mayor.(that=mayor s seatthat=mayor s seat)我的座位在市长座位旁边。我的座位在市长座位旁边。2 2.this this 或或 that that用来回指上文提到的事情,但若要指下文叙述的事用来回指上文提到的事情,但若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用情,通常要用 this this。She is a beautiful girl.She is a beautiful girl.她是一个漂亮的女孩。她是一个漂亮的女孩。Who said that?Who said that?那是谁说的?那是谁说的?I want to know this:Is she beaut
34、iful?I want to know this:Is she beautiful?我想知道这一点:她我想知道这一点:她美吗美吗?3.3.电话用语,电话用语,thisthis介绍自己,介绍自己,that that 询问对方询问对方-Hello-Hello,this is Anna.Whos thatthis is Anna.Whos that?-Hi,-Hi,this this is Allen speaking.is Allen speaking.4.4.口语中,口语中,thisthis用语介绍他人用语介绍他人 -This is my English teacher-This is my E
35、nglish teacher,Alex.Alex.-Nice to meet you.-Nice to meet you.5.5.习惯用语习惯用语this morningthis morning今天早上今天早上 this afternoon this afternoon今天下午今天下午this eveningthis evening今天晚上今天晚上 this week this week这周这周these daysthese days这些天这些天 these years these years这些年这些年After the new high-speed railway line began o
36、perations,the time on After the new high-speed railway line began operations,the time on the trip from Lianyungang to Qingdao now is much less than the trip from Lianyungang to Qingdao now is much less than _ in the past._ in the past.A.oneA.oneB.thisB.thisC.thatC.thatD.itD.it【答案】【答案】C C【解析】句意:在新的高铁
37、线路开始运营之后,现在从连云港到青岛的旅程【解析】句意:在新的高铁线路开始运营之后,现在从连云港到青岛的旅程的时间比过去少了很多。的时间比过去少了很多。A.oneA.one同类不同物;同类不同物;B.B.这个;这个;C.C.代指代指the+the+不可数名词;不可数名词;D.D.代指上文中出代指上文中出现的同一个事物。根据句意可知,表示现在的时间比过去的时间少了很现的同一个事物。根据句意可知,表示现在的时间比过去的时间少了很多。代指多。代指the timethe time,timetime译为时间时是不可数名词,故选译为时间时是不可数名词,故选C C。oneone表示泛指,表示泛指,thatt
38、hat和和it it 表示特指。表示特指。thatthat与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而而it it 与所指名词为同一个。与所指名词为同一个。it it 做形式宾语做形式宾语 I cant find my hat.I think I must buy one.(I cant find my hat.I think I must buy one.(不定不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(The hat you boug
39、ht is bigger than that I bought.(同类但不同个同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。I cant find my hat.I don t know where I put it.(I cant find my hat.I don t know where I put it.(同一物同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。1.1.翻译下列词组翻译下列词组.这个男孩这个男孩_.那位老师那位老师_.这些猫这些猫_.那些狮子那些狮子_.这只山羊这只山羊_ .那支蓝钢笔那支蓝钢笔_.二二.将下
40、列句子译成英语将下列句子译成英语.那些铅笔是李明的那些铅笔是李明的_.这红衣服是你妹妹的吗?这红衣服是你妹妹的吗?_?_?.这是个好老师?这是个好老师?_?_?代词代词用法用法例句例句Whoho表示谁,可以指代单数和复数名词,在句中作主语、宾语或表语Who is on duty today?今天谁值日?Whomhom表示谁,可以指代单数和复数。whom只能作动词的宾语或介词的宾语,不直接跟在介词后时可用who替换,位于介词后作介词宾语时只能用whomTo whom you were talking just now?你刚才和谁说话呢?Whom/Who did you often play wi
41、th when you were achild?小时候你经常和谁玩?Whosehose表示谁的,既可置于名词前作定语,也可单独使用,在句中常作主语、宾语、定语或表语Whose iPad is this?这是谁的iPad?(定语)Whose is this iPad?这个iPad是谁的?(表语)代词代词用法用法例句例句Whichhich表示哪一个(些),既可指人也可指物,可指可数名词单、复数,也可指不可数名词,在句中常作主语、宾语或定语Which animal do you like best?你最喜欢哪种动物?Which is cheaper,this printer or that one?
42、这台打印机和那台打印机,哪台更便宜?whatwhat表示什么,可单独使用,也可放在名词前,既可以指代或修饰不可数名词,也可以指代或修饰可数名词的单、复数。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语What makes you love your hometown so much?是什么使你这么热爱你的家乡?【易错警示】【易错警示】which和和what的用法辨析的用法辨析用which提问,指在相当数目的人或物中进行选择,限制在一定的范围内;用what提问,不限制范围。Which do you like,rice or meat?你喜欢什么,米饭还是肉?What do you like?你喜欢什么?【知知
43、 识识 拓拓 展展】1.用于询问职业:用于询问职业:What be+主语主语?或或What do/does/did+主语主语+do?What does your father do?=What is your father?你父亲是干什么的?你父亲是干什么的?2.用于询问天气或品行:用于询问天气或品行:What be+主语主语+like?What s the weather like?天气怎么样?天气怎么样?3.用于询问外貌、长相:用于询问外貌、长相:What do/does/did+主主语语+look like?What does she look like?她长什么样?她长什么样?4.征求
44、对方的意见:征求对方的意见:What about.?What about going out for a movie?出去看电出去看电影怎么样?影怎么样?_ are you going to buy for your father for Father s Day?A T-shirt.A.What B.When C.Where D.How【答案】A【解析】分析句子结构可知,空处要填的疑问词作动词buy的宾语,选项中只有A项可以作宾语。1.Can you tell me1.Can you tell me_book it is?book it is?2.2._is your father?is y
45、our father?He is a teacher.He is a teacher.3.3._is the man in the car?is the man in the car?Hes my brother.Hes my brother.4.4._do you like better,spring or winter?do you like better,spring or winter?5._ is the population of the world today?5._ is the population of the world today?6._ jumped the long
46、est of all in the long jump?6._ jumped the longest of all in the long jump?7.-_ colour is your mothers dress?7.-_ colour is your mothers dress?-Its black.-Its black.8.-_ is your car?8.-_ is your car?-The red one in front of the tree.-The red one in front of the tree.9.-_ of the following can you oft
47、en find on a medicine bottle?9.-_ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle?-I know,sir.Its instruction.-I know,sir.Its instruction.不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾
48、语和定语等。句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。不定代词的句法功能不定代词的句法功能不定代词不定代词成分成分all,both,each,neither,either,much,little,many,few,other,some,any,one在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,none在句中可作主语、宾语和表语every,no在句中只能作定语some、any的用法用法用法例句例句some和any
49、作定语时既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词Some rice in the bag has been sold out.袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。(修饰不可数名词)Do you have any brothers or sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?(修饰可数名词)some多用于肯定句;在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用anySome of the boys are good at swimming.一些男孩擅长游泳。Will you give me some water?请给我一些水好吗?any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中;用于肯定句中,表
50、示任何If you have any questions,please ask me.如果你有问题,可以问我。Any child needs love.任何一个孩子都需要爱。some和any可以用来修饰单数名词,some表示某一;any表示任何的Any student can answer this question.任何学生都可以回答这个问题。Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon.某天中国人将会飞上月球。few,a few,little,a little的用法用法用法用于可数名词用于可数名词用于不可数名词用于不可数名词表示肯定概念表示肯定概念