1、定语从句The attributive clauses先行词先行词+从句从句关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词关系词的功能：关系词的功能：1、在意义上，等于先行词；、在意义上，等于先行词；2、在语法功能上，在从句中充当一个成分。、在语法功能上，在从句中充当一个成分。关系代词与关系副词：关系代词与关系副词：在从句中的在从句中的 成分成分先行词先行词主语主语人人物物时间时间who/thatwhich/that宾语宾语who(m)/that/as/省略省略which/that/as/省略省略定语定语whose状语状语地点地点原因原因whenwherewhy/as/as 句子句子(非限制性从
2、句非限制性从句)which/aswhich/as介词介词+whom介词介词+whichas 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1、引导限制性定语从句，构成引导限制性定语从句，构成the sameas,suchas,asas等结构。等结构。eg.I like the same book as you do.I want to have such a dictionary as he has.注意比较注意比较the sameas和和the samethateg.This is the same bag as I lost.This is the same bag that I lost.as 引导的定语
3、从句引导的定语从句2、引导非限制性定语从句，引导非限制性定语从句，as可在定语从句中作主语、可在定语从句中作主语、宾语，修饰整个主句，表宾语，修饰整个主句，表“正如正如”，as引导的从句可放引导的从句可放在主句之前或之后。在主句之前或之后。eg.As we all know,he studies very hard.He is the best student in our class,as is known to all.which亦可引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语、宾亦可引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语、宾语，修饰整个主句，但用于表示语，修饰整个主句，但用于表示“这件事这件事”，且只
4、放于，且只放于主句之后。主句之后。eg.He passed the exam this time,which made his teacher very glad.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：1、限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开，译为间不用逗号分开，译为“的的”。非限制性定语从句是对主句先行非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有从句不影响主句意思的完整。一般用逗号把词的补充说明，没有从句不影响主句意思的完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开，当做一个分句翻译，不能用关
5、系代词主句和从句分开，当做一个分句翻译，不能用关系代词that。2、先行词为表独一无二的普通名词和专有名词及句子必须用先行词为表独一无二的普通名词和专有名词及句子必须用非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句。eg.I have lost the pen my father gave me.I have lost the pen,which I like very much.eg.His father,who just came back from the USA,bought him a lot of presents.Wilma became the first American woman t
6、o win three Olympic gold medals in track,which made her mother very proud.He has a sister who is a nurse.He has a sister,who is a nurse.他有一个当护士的姐姐。他有一个当护士的姐姐。(他还有其他的姐姐他还有其他的姐姐)他有一个姐姐，是个护士。他有一个姐姐，是个护士。(只有一个姐姐只有一个姐姐)4、有时同一个定语从句可以是限制性的，又可以是有时同一个定语从句可以是限制性的，又可以是非限制性的，但意义不同。非限制性的，但意义不同。3、限制性定语从句关系词作宾语时可省
7、略限制性定语从句关系词作宾语时可省略;非限制性非限制性定语从句的关系词不可省略。定语从句的关系词不可省略。1.先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词 all,little,much,any,few,everything,nothing,anything时。时。2.先行词被先行词被all,any,every,no,little等词修饰等词修饰。3.先行词被先行词被 the only,the very,the same,the last 修饰。修饰。4.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。只能用只能用that不能用不能用which的情况的情况:5.先行词既有人又有物时
8、。先行词既有人又有物时。6.当主句是以当主句是以who,which或或where开头的特殊问句时。开头的特殊问句时。1.当关系代词前面有介词时：当关系代词前面有介词时：只能用只能用which而不用而不用that的情况：的情况：eg.Is this the room in which Mr.White lives?A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.eg.I met a lot of difficulties,which I had not expected.He borrowed all
9、the books,which had pictures in them.2.在非限制性定语从句中：在非限制性定语从句中：1.当先行词是当先行词是way,time时时,定语从句中充当状语的引导定语从句中充当状语的引导词可以是词可以是that(adv.),in which或不用关系词。或不用关系词。2.关系代词关系代词whose引导的定语从句常可以改用引导的定语从句常可以改用of whom 或或 of which 结构。结构。需注意的情况：需注意的情况：This is the way in which he did the work.This is the way(that)he did the
10、 work.It is time(that)we should do our homework.We held a meeting whose purpose was not clear.We held a meeting,the purpose of which was not clear.the(only/very)one of the+可数名词复数可数名词复数3.one of the+可数名词复数可数名词复数4.先行词为先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指人时，用指人时，用who不用不用that。+从句复数谓语从句复数谓语+从句单数谓语从句单数谓语 She is one
11、of the few persons who know Spanish.This is one of the books that are required for study at school.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.Those who help you in time of need are friends indeed.5.先行词表地点或时间先行词表地点或时间,或者是或者是reason时时,定语从句用关系定语从句用关系代词还是关系副词要看引导词在从句中充当的成分。代词还是关系副词
12、要看引导词在从句中充当的成分。eg.This is the house where he lived last year.This is the house that(which)he visited last year.I still remember the days that we spent in the countryside 20 years ago.I still remember the days when I stayed there.Have you asked her for the reason that may explain for her absence?I do
13、nt know the reason why he was absent.定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句:定语从句对名词起修饰及限制作用定语从句对名词起修饰及限制作用,而同位语从而同位语从句用于阐述名词的具体内容。句用于阐述名词的具体内容。eg.We were glad at the news that he told us.We were glad at the news that our team won in the match.定语从句中的引导词必须在从句中充当一个成分，定语从句中的引导词必须在从句中充当一个成分，而同位语从句的引导词如果是而同位语从句的引导词如果是that时
14、，则不做任何成时，则不做任何成分。分。定语从句与状语从句定语从句与状语从句:关键看句中是否存在先行词关键看句中是否存在先行词:I still remember the day when I first came to this school.After the war,a new school building was put up where there had been a theatre.(定语从句定语从句)(状语从句状语从句)so/suchthat句型与句型与so/suchas引导的定语从句引导的定语从句关键看关系词是否在从句中作成分关键看关系词是否在从句中作成分:Here is su
15、ch a big stone that no one can lift it.Here is such a big stone as no one can lift.(that无成分，结果状语从句无成分，结果状语从句)(as充当充当lift的宾语，定语从句的宾语，定语从句)定语从句与强调句型定语从句与强调句型:关键是抓住强调句型的特点关键是抓住强调句型的特点,去掉去掉It is(was)+that后后,看这个句子经过整理后是否仍然成立看这个句子经过整理后是否仍然成立,而在定语从句而在定语从句中引导词在从句中充当一定的句子成分。中引导词在从句中充当一定的句子成分。eg.Is it for the reason that he was late?It was just in the room where he was born that he died.Was it in 1930 that the famous scientist came to Shanghai where he grew up?判断主语从句和强调句也是用这个办法，将判断主语从句和强调句也是用这个办法，将it was和和that去掉，句子主干完整为强调句，否则为主去掉，句子主干完整为强调句，否则为主语从句，语从句，it做形式做形式主语主语
