1、英语英语 八年级八年级现在完成时现在完成时系列讲解Present Perfect Tense 主 讲 教 师：S h i r l e y现在完成时的学习目标现在完成时的学习目标 主菜单上一页下一页2.理解现在完成时的两种主要用法理解现在完成时的两种主要用法1.掌握现在完成时的构成掌握现在完成时的构成3.熟记现在完成时标志词熟记现在完成时标志词4.4.注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化5.区分区分have/has been to,have/has gone to和和have/has been in6.区分现在完成时与一般过去时区分现在完成时与一般过去时春天还
2、会远吗?will it still be far in spring?冬天已经来了,Winter has already come,现在完成时态Winter has already come.现在完成时的构成形式 have done has助动词过去分词上一页 （助动词助动词）have/has +动词动词过去分词过去分词 主语主语+have/has+过去分词过去分词+宾语宾语+状语状语have:第一、二第一、二/复复数数has:第三人称单数第三人称单数规则动词规则动词:+ed不规则动词不规则动词 1.陈述句：主语陈述句：主语 have/has+过去分词过去分词其他成分。其他成分。2.否定句：否
3、定句：主语主语have/has+not+过去分词其他成分。过去分词其他成分。3.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语主语过去分词其他成分？过去分词其他成分？4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have/has其他成分其他成分？e.g.I have had lunch.He has gone to Beijing.e.g.I havent had lunch.He hasnt gone to Beijing.Has he gone to Beijing?Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.e.g.Where has he gone?句型转换：句型转换：1、My
4、parents have known the face.(改为否定句）改为否定句）My parents _ _the face.2、He has been to the aquarium lots of times.(改改 为否为否定句）定句）He _ _to the aquarium lots of times.3、She has visited Disneyland.(改为一般疑问句）改为一般疑问句）_ she _ Disneyland?4、Have they ever been to an amusement park?(做出肯做出肯定回答和否定回答）定回答和否定回答）havent kn
5、ownhasnt been HasvisitedYes,they have.No,they havent现在完成时的学习目标现在完成时的学习目标 主菜单上一页下一页2.理解现在完成时的两种主要用法理解现在完成时的两种主要用法1.掌握现在完成时的构成掌握现在完成时的构成3.熟记现在完成时标志词熟记现在完成时标志词4.4.注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化5.区分区分have/has been to,have/has gone to和和have/has been in6.区分现在完成时与一般过去时区分现在完成时与一般过去时含义：（一）用来表示之前已经发生或完成
6、的动作或含义：（一）用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系状态，而其结果却和现在有联系:动作或状态动作或状态发生在发生在过去过去,但它的但它的影响现在还存在影响现在还存在。They have left.-他们已经离开了。（也就是说现在他们人不在这里）I have had my lunch.-我已经吃过午饭了。（也就是说我现在不饿）（二）也可表示（二）也可表示持续到现在持续到现在的动作或状态。的动作或状态。He has learned English since 2001.-从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢上一页nowpastfuture一般过去时现在完成时一般过
7、去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响影响上一页(一)表示过去表示过去发生和现在仍有关系发生和现在仍有关系的动作。的动作。PastpresentTom has eatenhas eaten my food.Tom ate the food and now I have nothing to eat.(一)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.它强调的是过去的动作同现在的关系.常用的时间状语有already,yet,ever,never,just,before等.1.He has cleaned th
8、e blackboard.Look!(他已经擦过黑板了他已经擦过黑板了,结果是黑板很干净。结果是黑板很干净。)2.I have had breakfast.(结果是：结果是：我我已经吃好了。已经吃好了。饱了。饱了。)一般过去时强调一般过去时强调“过去的这个动作过去的这个动作”。1.He cleaned the blackboard.2.I had breakfast.例句：例句：1.I _ my room.我已打扫了房间。我已打扫了房间。2.He _ his homework.他还没完成作业。他还没完成作业。3._ you _ this novel?你看过这本小说吗？你看过这本小说吗？Yes,
9、I have.是的，看过了。是的，看过了。No,I _.不，没看过。不，没看过。4.We _ English for two years.我们已经学了两年英语了。我们已经学了两年英语了。5.They_ each other since 2008.自从自从2008年他们就没再见过面。年他们就没再见过面。have cleanedhasnt finished Have readhavent have learnedhavent seen 现在完成时的学习目标现在完成时的学习目标 主菜单上一页下一页2.理解现在完成时的两种主要用法理解现在完成时的两种主要用法1.掌握现在完成时的构成掌握现在完成时的构成
10、3.熟记现在完成时标志词熟记现在完成时标志词4.4.注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化5.区分区分have/has been to,have/has gone to和和have/has been in6.区分现在完成时与一般过去时区分现在完成时与一般过去时常与连用，如:already,already,never,ever,just,yet,beforenever,ever,just,yet,before等,表示“”所发生的动作.上一页下一页常与常与already,already,yet,yet,ever,ever,never,never,just,just
11、,before,before,连用连用上一页下一页 现在完成时中标志词的用法区别现在完成时中标志词的用法区别1.already在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法肯定句肯定句:句中句中(助后实前助后实前)一般疑问句一般疑问句:句末句末(表示惊讶的语气表示惊讶的语气)“难道难道”Eg:Ive already had breakfast.Have you had breakfast already?2.yet在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末“还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句:句末句末“己经己经”Eg.I havent had breakfast yet.Have yo
12、u had breakfast yet?注:带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.Eg.I have already done my homework.否定句否定句:一般疑问句一般疑问句:I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet?3.ever在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 肯定句肯定句/疑问句疑问句:句中句中“曾经曾经”Eg.Ive ever been to Beijing.Have you ever been to Beijing?4.never在现在完成
13、时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法否定句否定句:句中句中“从来没有从来没有”Eg：Ive never been toBeijing.注:带ever的肯定句变否定句时,要将ever变成never;带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No,never.”Eg.He has ever made dumplings.否定句否定句:Have they ever travelled by train?No,never.He has never made dumplings.5.just在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法用于用于句中句中,表示表示“刚刚刚刚”Eg：Ive just had breakf
14、ast.What have they just done?区别区别just now(刚才，刚才，用于一般过去用于一般过去时时）6.before在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法用于用于句末句末,表示表示“以前以前”Eg：Ive seen it before.Has she ridden a bike before?1.already 已经已经”（肯定句句中，疑问（肯定句句中，疑问句句尾）句句尾）2.yet “还还”（否定句句尾）（否定句句尾）“已经已经”(疑问句句尾）疑问句句尾）3.ever “曾经曾经”（肯定句和疑问句句中）（肯定句和疑问句句中）4.never “从来也不从来也不”（否
15、定句句中）（否定句句中）5.just “刚刚刚刚”（肯定句句中）（肯定句句中）6.before “以前以前”(句尾）句尾）现在完成时还可与 1.since(自从）2.for+时间段：持续一段时间 连用 1.I _(do)my homework already.2.He _(not finished)his homework yet.3._you ever _(be)to Beijing?4.We _ never _(see)such an exciting match before.5.Mother _ just _(clean)the house.Please dont come in.ha
16、ve donehas not finishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleaned 用所给动词的适当形式填空用所给动词的适当形式填空 用动词的适当形式填空（注意时态）（注意时态）1.-_ you _your pen?(mend)-Yes,I _.-When_ you _ it?-I _ it yesterday.2.-How do you like the film?-I _(not see)such a moving film before.3.Millies sister _(join)the club last week.So she _(be)in the club f
17、or nearly one week.Have mended have did mend mended havent seen joined has been 4.My father_(give)up_(smoke).He doesnt _(smoke)now.5.The Green family_(not come)back yet from the cinema.They_(go)to see a film one hour ago.6.You_(not visit)your son for a long time.has given smoking smoke havent come w
18、ent havent visited 7.She has known Sam_ nine years.(for,never,since)8.They have_arrived.(ever,just,yet)9.Have you_ ridden a horse?(ever,for,yet)10.She has known Fred_ they were at primary school.(already,just,since)11.We have not completed the project_.(already,for,yet)for just ever since yet现在完成时的学
19、习目标现在完成时的学习目标 主菜单上一页下一页2.理解现在完成时的两种主要用法理解现在完成时的两种主要用法1.掌握现在完成时的构成掌握现在完成时的构成3.熟记现在完成时标志词熟记现在完成时标志词4.4.注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化5.区分区分have/has been to,have/has gone to和和have/has been in6.区分现在完成时与一般过去时区分现在完成时与一般过去时（二）（二）.表示一个从表示一个从过去开始过去开始，一直持续到现在的动作。一直持续到现在的动作。二二.用法用法(二)可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要继
20、续下去。常与for，since连用。这时的谓语动词必须使用延续性动词，如：be,live,teach,learn,work,study,know等。He has learned English since 2001.-从从2001年开始学的年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢现在还在继续学着呢 I havent been back for almost three years.-我将近三年没有回去了，还可能继续不回去呢我将近三年没有回去了，还可能继续不回去呢现在完成时的学习目标现在完成时的学习目标 主菜单上一页下一页2.理解现在完成时的两种主要用法理解现在完成时的两种主要用法1.掌握现在完成时的构成
21、掌握现在完成时的构成3.熟记现在完成时标志词熟记现在完成时标志词4.4.注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化5.区分区分have/has been to,have/has gone to和和have/has been in6.区分现在完成时与一般过去时区分现在完成时与一般过去时可以和表示连用，表示“”所发生的动作.since,for a long timesince,for a long time,so far,in,so far,in the past few yearsthe past few years等.上一页下一页常与常与 up to now,so
22、 far,up to now,so far,recently,these recently,these days,days,in the past few the past few weeksweeks,in/during the last/past+in/during the last/past+时间时间段段,since since for+a long time for+a long time 连用连用上一页下一页(11)(11)、sincesince Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.（1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。）年以来，史密斯先生一直
23、在这工作。）I have known Daniel since 7 years ago.自从自从7年前我就认识丹尼尔年前我就认识丹尼尔。Hes learned about 500 words Hes learned about 500 words since he since he went to college.went to college.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词）英语单词）上一页下一页一个一个时间点时间点一段时间一段时间ago从句从句(12)(12)、forfor时间段（一段时间）时间段（一段时间）（two weeks/six months/fi
24、ve daystwo weeks/six months/five days）forfor短语短语表示动作延续多长时间表示动作延续多长时间 。He has taught in this schoolHe has taught in this school for four years.for four years.（他在这个学校已经教了（他在这个学校已经教了4年书了。）年书了。）I havent seen her I havent seen her for a long timefor a long time.（我好久没有见到她了。）（我好久没有见到她了。）上一页下一页（注）:对for或sinc
25、e引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long,决不能用when.Eg.I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?上一页现在完成时还可与7.so farup to now(到目前为止）So far weve made thirty-two thousand pounds.Up to now（一般放句首）theyve had very little say.8.recently(最近)these
26、 days(近来)I havent heard from her recently.We havent seen each other these days.（已经没见到对方持续一段时间了）现在完成时还可与9.in the past few weeks连用 I havent had much to smile about in the past few weeks.10.in/during the last/past+时间段：在过去的.(时间)里连用In the past three years,the cooperation between the two countries has bee
27、n successful.选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsincefor
28、sinceforsince下一页上一页I _ the work yet.He _for an hour.I _just _ _ the letter._you _ him since then?How long _you _in the house?1 1、我刚刚写完信、我刚刚写完信.2 2、他已经等了一个小时、他已经等了一个小时.3 3、我还没有完成这一项工作、我还没有完成这一项工作.4、从那时起你就认识他吗？从那时起你就认识他吗？5 5、你在这所房子里住了多久了？、你在这所房子里住了多久了？havewrittenhas waitedhas waitedhave not finishedha
29、ve not finishedHaveHaveknownknownhavehavelivedlived1.-Our country _ a lot so far.-Yes.I hope it will be even _.A.has changed;well B.changed;good C.has changed;better D.changed;better2.The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.A.is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written3.How_onwithyo
30、urEnglishthesedays.-Notbad.AhaveyoubeengettingBareyougetting Cdidyouget Dhaveyougot指现在进行指现在进行的和英语学的和英语学习的关系习的关系现在完成时的学习目标现在完成时的学习目标 主菜单上一页下一页2.理解现在完成时的两种主要用法理解现在完成时的两种主要用法1.掌握现在完成时的构成掌握现在完成时的构成3.熟记现在完成时标志词熟记现在完成时标志词4.4.注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化5.区分区分have/has been to,have/has gone to和和have
31、/has been in6.区分现在完成时与一般过去时区分现在完成时与一般过去时 延续动词表示经验、经历；延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段时间不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。的状语连用。比较延续动词与瞬间动词比较延续动词与瞬间动词 He has finished the work.他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)Ive known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)延续性动词表示能够延续的动作延续性动词表示能够延续的动作 如：learn,work,keep,have,wait,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状
32、语连用。非非延续性动词延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束这种动作发生后立即结束 不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:die,begin,finish,come,go,open,leave,join,marry/get married等。She joined the League three years ago.(加入的动作不是延续的加入的动作不是延续的)She has been in the League for three years(since three years ago).(在团内的状态可延续在团内
33、的状态可延续)She has been a League member for three years(since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续)（二）（二）.表示一个从表示一个从过去开始过去开始，一直持续到现在的动作。一直持续到现在的动作。二二.用法用法 当当现在完成时现在完成时表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是般是延续性延续性的，的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.上一页leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-bo
34、rrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become-be away(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openedbe backbe married be上一页也可以仍用原短暂性动词，也可以仍用原短暂性动词，用句型用句型“”或用或用“”这一结构来表述延续性的动这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状作或状 态。态。上一页下一页电影开始五分钟了。The film The film
35、has been onhas been on for five minutes.for five minutes.It isIt is five minutes five minutes sincesince the film the film began.The film began The film began five minutes agofive minutes ago.他入党五年了。He has He has been inbeen in the Party for five years.the Party for five years.It isIt is five years
36、five years sincesince he joined the Party.he joined the Party.He joined the Party He joined the Party five years ago.five years ago.下一页上一页短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间不能与时间段连用段连用，这些动词是：，这些动词是：等。等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的来代替非延续性（终止性）动词。但在但在否定句否定句中，短暂性动词可中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。以与时间段连用。如：如：I havent bought t
37、he bike for a I havent bought the bike for a year.year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour.She hasnt come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页 翻 译 练 习：1.我买了这块手表五年了。2.这位老人已经死了十年了。I have bought this watch for five years.I have had this watch for five years/since 5 year
38、s ago.The old man has died for ten years.The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.WW下一页上一页 3.他已经回来三天了。4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.我离开家乡已十年了。He has come back for 3 days.He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.He has come here since 6 oclock.He has been here since 6 oclock.I have left homet
39、own for 10 years.I have been away from hometown for 10 years.WWW下一页上一页1.He died 10 years ago.-He _ _ _ for 10 years/since 10 years ago.2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.-He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3.He bought the motorbike a month ago.-He _ _ the motorbike for a month.4.He arrived here three days
40、ago.-He _ _ here since three days ago.5.They turned on the light 2 hours ago.-The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.延续性延续性动词和动词和瞬间性瞬间性动词之间的转化动词之间的转化上一页has been deadhas kepthas hadhas beenhas been on6.He left here 2 years ago.-He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7.The film began 30 minutes ago.-The film _ _ _ for 3
41、0 minutes.8.They opened the door an hour ago.-The door _ _ _ for an hour.9.They closed the door an hour ago.-The door _ _ _ for an hour.10.He joined the army last year.-He _ _ a _ for a year.-He _ _ _ the army for a year.-It _ a year _ he joined the army.上一页延续性延续性动词和动词和瞬间性瞬间性动词之间的转化动词之间的转化has been a
42、wayhas been on has been openedhas been closedhas been soldierhas been inissince现在完成时的学习目标现在完成时的学习目标 主菜单上一页下一页2.理解现在完成时的两种主要用法理解现在完成时的两种主要用法1.掌握现在完成时的构成掌握现在完成时的构成3.熟记现在完成时标志词熟记现在完成时标志词4.4.注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化5.区分区分have/has been to,have/has gone to和和have/has been in6.区分现在完成时与一般过去时区分现在完
43、成时与一般过去时He has gone to Shanghai.他(已经)去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。have/has been to,have/has gone to和和have/has been inhave been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已经去了已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。或已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段
44、呆在某处一段时间了时间了”上一页下一页He went to Shanghai last week.他(曾经)到/去过上海 在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了他已经去上海了 也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里说话时该人不在现场，一般用第三人称作主语上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海He has been to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 现在还在上海没有离开呢He lived in Shanghai
45、for 10 years.以前他在上海住过10年 现在不在上海了用用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now.she _ the Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming?Never._ you e
46、ver _ to kunming?Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.Yes,he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter?I dont know where he Where is Peter?I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei Hi Ji
47、m!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking for you.is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一页上一页现在完成时的学习目标现在完成时的学习目标 主菜单上一页下一页2.理解现在完成时的两种主要用法理解现在完成时的两种主要用法1.掌握现在完成时的构成掌握现在完成时的构成3.熟记现在完成时标志词熟记现在完成时标志词4.4.注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化注意短暂性动词与一段时间连用时的变化5.区分区分have/has been to
48、,have/has gone to和和have/has been in6.区分现在完成时与一般过去时区分现在完成时与一般过去时 1）两者都可表示过去发生过的动作）两者都可表示过去发生过的动作 一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，过去的事情，强调动作或状态强调动作或状态；现在完成时现在完成时为过去发生过的，强调过去的事情为过去发生过的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，对现在的影响，强调的是影响强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的
49、影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）上一页2）两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作）两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作 一般过去时一般过去时 说明该动作说明该动作 现已终止现已终止;现在完成时现在完成时为该动作为该动作 仍在继续仍在继续。上一页He lived in Beijing for four years。他曾经在北京住了四年。（动作已结束）He has lived in Beijing for four years。他已经在北京住了四年了。（动作仍在继续，仍住在北京）一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,
50、at the age of 10,ago,-具体的时间状语 for,-模糊的时间状语上一页3）根据时间状语判断）根据时间状语判断 一般过去时一般过去时 常与常与具体的具体的表示过去的时间状语连用表示过去的时间状语连用;与模糊的与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语时间状语连用，或无时间状语根据语境来根据语境来判断判断现在完成时或一般过去时现在完成时或一般过去时。动 词 填 空：1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.2._ he _(see)this fi
