1、初中英语八大时态1、The Simple Present Tense 一般现在时态教学重、难点：教学重、难点：一般现在时一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态 常与every day,on Sundays,sometimes,often，usually,always,等连用结构：1、主语+动词原形+其他Eg.I have a meeting on Sundays.They visit their parents once a month.注注:主语(三单)+动词(第三人称单数形式)+其他 Eg.She likes it very much.1)She usually goes to scho
2、ol at 7 oclock every morning.动词第三人称单数形式 在动词后+s在以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词+es以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y 为i，再加es 特殊 have-has 等 helpguessflymake leavefixswimknow playclosegostudygetread bring watch写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式carry do washvisit exercise enjoy jump havesiesessessssessiesssshasesssesssesiess一般现在时否定式 be+not dont do /does
3、nt do1.Be 动词的否定式动词的否定式:be+notI am a teacher.You are a workerShe is a doctorWe are friends.Im not a teacherYou arent a workerShe isnt a doctor.We arent friends.is not=isntare not=arent 否定句2.当主语是单数第三人称时，当主语是单数第三人称时，它与助动词它与助动词Does有关，但是有关，但是动词谓语一定要恢复为动词谓语一定要恢复为原形原形。当主语是其他人称时，它与当主语是其他人称时，它与助动词助动词Do有关。有关。
4、I like English.She likes it very much.We go to work by bike.I dont like English.She doesnt like it very much.We dont go to work by bike.否定句概念：用概念：用 yes 或或 no 来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。一般疑问句句首的第一个词一般读得比较重。一般疑问句句首的第一个词一般读得比较重。III一般疑问句一般疑问句1.对于对于be 动词，疑问句要求把动词，疑问句要求把be 提前，提前，第一人称变成第二人称。第一人称变成第二人称。疑
5、疑问问句句I am a teacher.Are you a teacher?You are a worker.Are you a worker?He is a student.Is he a student?We are friends.Are you friends?2.对于实意动词，疑问句要求是：当主对于实意动词，疑问句要求是：当主语是他语是他(he)，她，她(she)，它，它(it)时，句子前时，句子前面加面加does，并把动词恢复原形；当主语，并把动词恢复原形；当主语是其他人称时，句前加是其他人称时，句前加do，第一人称，第一人称(I/we)换第二人称换第二人称(you)。I ofte
6、n go there.You like the music.He goes to work by bus.We/You/They like it.Do you often go there?Do you like the music.?Does he go to work by bus?Do you/they like it?1.He has a meeting on Sundays.2.He goes to school at seven in the morning.3.My father and mother go out for lunch on Sundays.4.We do our
7、 homework after school.把下列句子改为一般疑问句把下列句子改为一般疑问句Does he have a meeting on Sundays?Does he go to school at seven in the morning?Do your father and mother go out for lunch on Sundays?Do you do your homework after school?exercise把下列句子改为否定句1.My father has an egg for breakfast.2.Li Lei does his homework a
8、fter school.3.We do our homework at home.4.They have a meeting every morning.My father doesnt have an egg for breakfast.Li Lei doesnt do his homework after school.We dont do our homework at home.They dont have a meeting every morning.1.We often _(play)in the playground.2.He _(get)up at six oclock.3.
9、_ you _(brush)your teeth every morning?4.What _ he usually_(do)after school?5.Danny_(study)English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art at school.6.Mike sometimes _(go)to the park with his sister.7.She _ (watch)TV with his parents every evening.8._ Mike _(read)English every day?用所给动词的正确形式及助动词填空playgetsDo b
10、rushdoes dostudiesgoeswatchesDoes read2、一般过去时一般过去时The Simple Present Tense教学重、难点教学重、难点一般过去时一般过去时指动作发生在过去有时候会有例如yesterday,last year等表示 过去时间的标志一般过去时主要要注意动词的变化be动词和实意动词动词和实意动词含有be动词的一般过去式 She is in Beijing.She was in Beijing.I am a student.I was a student.We are friends.We were friends.含有含有be动词的一般现在时变一
11、般过去时动词的一般现在时变一般过去时,把把is和和am改成改成was,把把are改成改成were练习练习:1.She is a teacher.She _a teacher.2.They are from Japan.They _ from Japan.I am very tired.I _ very tired.He is too young to go to school.He _too young to go to school.5.You are late for school.You _late for school.waswerewaswaswere不含不含be动词的一般过去时动词
12、的一般过去时 不含不含be动词的句子改写成一般过去时，动词的句子改写成一般过去时，把句子中的动词改为把句子中的动词改为过去式过去式形式。通常有形式。通常有五种写法。五种写法。I work in this city.I worked in this city last year.They live in Shanghai.They lived in Shanghai last year.动词过去式的写法：动词过去式的写法：一般情况，一般情况，在动词末尾在动词末尾加加ed动词以动词以e结尾的，直接在词尾加结尾的，直接在词尾加d3、辅音加辅音加y结尾，变结尾，变y为为i加加ed I study in
13、 Beijing.I studied in Beijing.Study,copyCry,fly 4、重读闭音节结尾，重读闭音节结尾，双写词尾字母加双写词尾字母加ed she stops.she stopped.5、特殊、特殊 I go to school by bike every day.I went to school by bike yesterday.例如：例如：have/hashad,go-went,eat-ate,say-said thinkthought,come-came不规则动词练习 I think you are right.I thought you were right
14、.She eats an apple every week.She ate an apple an hour ago.3、一般将来时The Future Simple Tense一般将来时一般将来时相对于讲话时间相对于讲话时间将要发生将要发生的动作或情况的动作或情况2.时间状语时间状语（判断标准）：（判断标准）：tomorrow 明天明天 next week 下周下周 the day after tomorrow 后天后天 soon 不久不久 in the future 在将来在将来 in+一段时间一段时间 多久之后才多久之后才.The Future Simple Tense 1.will+动
15、词原形动词原形(I/we shall)2.be going to+动词原形动词原形3.be+v-ing4.一般现在时表将来一般现在时表将来结构结构 1.will/shallv原形原形表示一个将来的动作或状态，表示一个将来的动作或状态，“要要,会会”Eg.1)She will go to the park tomorrow.2)I will return home as soon as I finish my task.2、be going to+v原形原形表示打算做某事表示打算做某事表示现在已经有迹象表明将要发生某事。表示现在已经有迹象表明将要发生某事。-What _do this eveni
16、ng?-I am going to do my lessons.看那些乌云要下雨了看那些乌云要下雨了.Loot at the dark clouds.It _rain.is going toare you going to3.be+v-ing go,come,leave,start,arrive,stay,fly,land,take off等等动词动词可用可用现在进行时现在进行时表示表示安排安排和计划或即将发生和计划或即将发生的动作的动作。我们明天动身去青岛我们明天动身去青岛.Were leaving for Qingdao.6.表示与表示与生日生日,日历日历,课时安排或交通时刻表课时安排或交
17、通时刻表有关的有关的动作动作(一种规律一种规律)，用，用一般现在时一般现在时表示将来时态表示将来时态 常用于转移动词如常用于转移动词如：(begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close）Eg.1、The evening class begins at 19:00.2、The train starts at two.If 条件句中，动词用一般现在时表将来。If we hurry,we may catch the bus.如果我们快点的话，我们也许会赶上公交车 If it rains tomorrow,the travel will
18、be canceled.如果明天下雨的话，旅游将取消。1.What are you going to do this afternoon?I am going to the cinema with some friends.The film _quite early,so we _ to the bookstore after that.A.finished;are going B.finished;go C.finishes;are going D.finishes;go Exercise:2.My younger brother _be 15 years old next year.A.i
19、s going to B.will C.is to D.should 1.The agreement _ come into force next year.Im not feeling well,and I _ go to see a doctor.If you_ _(dont pass)the exam,you will be criticized by your parents.willwilldont pass5.How _ you _ spend your holiday?Ive decided to repaint this room.Oh,have you?What colour
20、 _ you _ paint it?The weather is so nice and I am going to sit in the garden.Thats a good idea.I _ join you.willaregoing toaregoing to4、现在进行时、现在进行时Review of the Present Continuous Tense教学重、难点：教学重、难点：知识要点：知识要点：一一.现在现在进行进行时的定义时的定义:现在进行时是表示现现在进行时是表示现在、说话瞬间或当前一直在、说话瞬间或当前一直正在做着的动作正在做着的动作.Eg:1、Jenny is wa
21、tching TVnow.2、I am writing.五五.现在进行时的判断：现在进行时的判断：（1）一般句中用到表示一般句中用到表示“在现在在现在”的时间状语，的时间状语，如：如：now,right now,at the moment 或或Its+几点几点钟钟”句型，常判断用现在进行时。句型，常判断用现在进行时。Eg:Lets go fast.Mr.Wu is waiting for us now.Its six oclock.The children are playing basketball.(2)句中用到句中用到“Listen！”“Look!”“Keep quiet”“Dont m
22、ake noise!”等提示语时，表明说话间另一个动作等提示语时，表明说话间另一个动作正在进行，这时，句子也要用现在进正在进行，这时，句子也要用现在进行时。行时。Eg:Keep quiet!The teachers are talking in the office.She readisingnow.Listen!The bird is singing.二二.现在进行时的谓语结构现在进行时的谓语结构:现在进行时的谓语结构为现在进行时的谓语结构为:am/is/are+现在分词现在分词.Am/is/are 在现在进行时句在现在进行时句子谓语结构中作助动词用，无词义。子谓语结构中作助动词用，无词义。
23、Am/is/are的选择运用由句子的主语人的选择运用由句子的主语人称或数决定。称或数决定。A:I am watching TV at home.B:Dave is cleaning the floor.C:The students are seeing a movie.2.将现在进行的肯定句变为否定句时，将现在进行的肯定句变为否定句时，在在be动词后面加上动词后面加上not.Eg:Steve is talking to his teacher.The children are eating some apples at my home.-Steve isnt talking to his te
24、acher.-The children arent eating any apples at my home.四四.现在进行时的形式转换：现在进行时的形式转换：1.将一个现在进行时的肯定句变为一般疑问句时，将一个现在进行时的肯定句变为一般疑问句时，将句中的将句中的is或或are提到句首提到句首。Eg:Steve is talking to his teacher.I am singing.-Is Steve talking to his teacher?-Are you singing?Talk about the people in the picture.Whats he doing?He
25、s reading.*What are they doing?*They are playing basketball.5、过去进行时、过去进行时Review of the Past Continuous Tense教学重、难点：教学重、难点：过去进行时过去进行时 过去进行时的用法与现在进行时相仿，表示过去某时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。结构：be（过去式）+v.ingEg.I was reading a novel when you called.你打电话时我正在看一本小说。exercise Danny _ _(watch)TV,when you sang.I _ _ _ _(play comp
26、uter game)at this time yesterday.was watchingwas playing computer game6、将来进行时将来进行时 表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作。结构：will/shall+be+v.ingEg.We will be having dinner in a minute.一会儿我们就吃饭。Danny will be playing football an hour later.Danny 一会儿将会在打球。Have a try试一试:He_(watch)TV now.I _(swim)at this time yesterday.She _(se
27、e)the sunrise at the top of the mountain this time tomorrow.is watchingwas swimmingwill be seeingTranslate翻译 他们一会儿就开会。They will be having a meeting.我一会儿就洗衣服。I will be washing clothes.7、The Present Perfect Tense现在完成时现在完成时教学重、难点：教学重、难点：现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时表示现在完成时表示过去发生过去发生或或已经完成已经完成的某的某一动作对现在造成的一动作对现在造成的影响
28、或结果影响或结果.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just，already,before,yet,never,ever 等状语连用。等状语连用。现在完成时结构现在完成时结构 助动词助动词have(has)+V过去分词过去分词注：注：has 用于第三人称单数，用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他用于其他所有人称。所有人称。否定句否定句：have/has+not+V过去分词过去分词Eg.He has never heard of that before.I have worked here for 20 years.She has already finished
29、 the work.My aunt havent lived in China for 3 years.2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。如如for、since 等引导的时间状语。（等引导的时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词要用延续性动词）一段时间的表达方法有两种一段时间的表达方法有两种:for:+一段时间一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years 过去
30、的某一时刻过去的某一时刻,since 9 oclock since last week 一般过去时态的时间状语从句一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came since you got home.注意注意:for 和和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.Since注意点（1）：一些表示短暂性动作的动词如come,go,leave,arrive,buy,begin,start,become等不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，这些动作需用表示状态的词连用。I have had this coat for one year.试比较：试比较：1）I ha
31、ve bought this coat for one year.转化成延续性动词延续性动词归纳 1.直接转化成延续性动词直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch(get)a cold borrow come/go/becomehavehave a coldkeepbe2.转换成转换成be+名词名词 join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party memberbe a student3转换成转换成be+形容词或副词形容词或副词 die finish begin leave fall sleep close op
32、enbe deadbe overbe onbe awaybe asleep be closedbe open4.转换成转换成 be+介词短语介词短语 go to school join the armybe in schoolbe in the army2)My uncle has come back for 2 days.My uncle has been back for 2 days.3)The train has left for an hour.The train has been away for an hour.4)The twin brothers have joined th
33、e army for 2 years.The twin brothers have been in the army for 2 years.注意点（2）have been to 与have gone to 的区别。have/has been(to)表示表示“曾经到过某地曾经到过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。have/has gone(to)表示某人表示某人“已经去某地已经去某地了了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里.He has been to Beijing.他曾去过北京。他曾去过北京。（人已回来
34、，可能在这儿）（人已回来，可能在这儿）He has gone to Beijing.他已经去北京了。他已经去北京了。（人已走，不在这儿）。（人已走，不在这儿）。一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作动作，和现在不，和现在不发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的发生关系。而现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是的是现在的现在的情况。情况。I saw this film yesterday.（只说明动作发生在过去。）（只说明动作发生在过去。）I have s
35、een this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）She has returned from Paris.（她已从巴黎回来了。）（她已从巴黎回来了。）She returned yesterday.（她是昨天回来的。）（她是昨天回来的。）He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续)He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入团，三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。为短暂行为。)注意：注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时
36、间副词句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如（如 yesterday,last week,in 1960）时，）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：（错错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.()1.I have watched the game.When _ you _ it?A.have;watched B.do;watch C.did;watch D.will;watch()2.Mr.G
37、reen _ in China since five years ago.A.lived B.has lived C.lives D.is going to live()3.His grandma _ for two years.A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead BBD()4.Where is Han Mei now?She _ to Shanghai.She will be back in two days.A.has gone B.has been C.goes D.had gone()5._ you _to the United S
38、tated?No,never,but I went to Canada a few years agoA.Have;been B.Have;gone C.Did;go D.Do;go()6.How long have you _ the football team of the school?A.played B.been at C.joined D been on AAD()7.Where have you _ these days?I have _ to Kunming with my friends.A been,gone B been,been C gone,been D gone,g
39、one()8.How long have you _ this book?A.bought B.borrowed C.had D.lent()9.Excuse me,_ you seen the film yet?Yes,I _ it last night.A have,see B have,have seen C have,seen D have,sawBCD（2）现在完成时 My daughter _(go)out.I _(hear)from her these days.(改为现在完成时的否定句)They _(leave)for two years.The old man _(die)f
40、or 4 months.We _(see)you recently.(否定句）has been gonehavent heard have been awayhas been deadhavent seen8、The Past Perfect Tense过去完成时The Past Perfect Tense过去完成时 过去完成时的构成助动词 had(用于各种人称和数)+过去分词When I got to school,the bell had rung.2.过去完成时的用法:主要是表示在过去某个时间,或是动作之前已经发生或完成的动作.也就是过去的过去过去的过去.The Past Perfect
41、 Tense过去完成时3.常用的几种方式:用介词by,before 等构成的时间短语.We had learnt 20 English songs by the end of last month.The plane had taken off when I reached the airport.By the time I got up,my brother had left home.用连词when,before,after或者短语by the time引导的时间状语从句.我出去的时候我出去的时候,公共汽车已经开走了公共汽车已经开走了.by the time 意思是意思是“到到的时候的时候
42、”,相当于相当于 when,后接过去时的句子后接过去时的句子时时,主语的谓语动词用过去完成时态主语的谓语动词用过去完成时态.主要动词的过去式和过去分词主要动词的过去式和过去分词ring rang rungget got gottengo went goneleave left leftstart started startedbe was/were beentake took takenrun ran runwake woke woken1.When I_(get)there,the Smiths already _ (have)their dinner.2.By the end of las
43、t year they _(produce)more than 500,000 tractors.3.Tom_(read)at least 20 novels in the past year.4._you_(give)the book to Jim yesterday?No,because he _(borrow)one from the library.5.He said that he_never_(hear)of that before.gothad hadhad producedhad readDidgivehad borrowedhadheard时态的分组一般现在时：谓语动词用原形
44、或第三人称单数过去时：谓语用动词的过去式将来时：谓语用will/be going to+动词原形现在进行时：谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词完成时：谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词过去进行时：谓语用were/was+动词的过去分词完成时：谓语用had+动词的过去分词将来时：谓语用would或was/were going to+动词原形Warm-up He always _ to school by bus.A.goB.wentC.goesD.is going 解析：这句话的意思是他经常坐巴士去上学。句子中出现了一般现在时的标志词always，主语是he，所以要用第三人称单数。选C
45、。时态详解一般现在时：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作，存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与一般现在时连用的时间状语:表频率：never，always，often，usually，sometimes，once a year,twice a month等。表时间：on Sundays，on Monday afternoon，every day，in the morning，every year等。e.g.他每天早上七点起床。e.g.Leif经常在他的厕所唱歌。He _ up at 7 oclock every day.Leif always _ in her ba
46、throom.getssings时态详解 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态，一般不加状语。e.g.地球绕着太阳转。The earth _ around the sun.e.g.他开车开得很慢。He _ very slowly.e.g.我妈妈不是很高兴。My mother _ very pleasedturnsdrivesisnt时态详解 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的（将要发生的）事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。e.g.开往厦门的火车将会在早上八点出发。The train for Xiamen _ at 8 oclock in the mor
47、ning.e.g.海豚秀将会在20分钟后开始。The dolphin show _ in twenty minutes.leavesbegins时态详解 在时间状语从句中(以when,after,before,while,until,as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子中可以有将来时间。e.g.请你一到澳大利亚就给我打电话。Please ring me as soon as you _ in Australia.如果明天不下雨我们就必须去欢乐谷。We must go to Happy Valley if it _ rain
48、tomorrow.arrivedoesntWarm-up We _ the farmers with the apple picking last week.A.will help B.helpC.helpedD.are helping解析：这句话的意思是我们上星期帮助农民摘苹果。句子中出现了一般过去时的时间标志词last week，显然用过去式。选C。时态详解一般过去时：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,可以是一次性的也可以是经常性的。表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时。时间标志词:at eight，ten minutes ago,yesterday,last week,2 years ago,
49、in 1995,in the past,the other day,at that time,just now等。when 引导的时间状语从句e.g.他刚刚才到家。He _ at home just now.e.g.我今早六点就醒来了。I _ at six this morning.e.g.昨晚当Evan睡着了他爸爸才回来。When Evan fall asleep his father _ back.arrivedwoke upcame时态详解 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事。e.g.刘阿姨的儿子在年轻的时候从来不打篮球。Aunt Lius child never _ basketball
50、when he was young.时间状语:last,in,fromto,for+时间段,often,usually,sometimes,always,never等。when 引导的时间状语从句e.g.我昨天很难过因为我没吃早餐。I _sad yesterday because I didnt have my breakfast.playedwas时态详解动词原形过去式过去分词getgoeatdo saytakegivecomebuygot gottenwent goneate eatendid donesaid saidtook takengave givencame comebought
